Civilization on the Moon -- and what it means for life on Earth | Jessy Kate Schingler

57,052 views ・ 2020-10-27

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

κ²€ν† : JY Kang
ν˜„μž¬ 달과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ λ§Žμ€ 일듀이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
쀑ꡭ은 2030λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 달 남극에 거주지λ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•  κ³„νšμ„ λ°œν‘œν–ˆκ³ ,
00:13
Right now, there's a lot happening with the Moon.
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미ꡭ은 μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ κ±°μ£Όν•˜κ³  일할 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„
00:17
China has announced plans for an inhabited South Pole station
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λ”μš± 더 많이 찾을 κ³„νšμ„ μ„Έμš°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
by the 2030s,
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κ·Έ μ‹œμž‘μ΄ λ°”λ‘œ NASA의 μ•„λ₯΄ν…Œλ―ΈμŠ€ κ³„νšμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
and the United States has an official road map
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μ•„λ₯΄ν…Œλ―ΈμŠ€ κ³„νšμ€ 10λ…„ 내에 세계 졜초둜 남녀 μš°μ£ΌμΈμ„ 달에 λ³΄λ‚Έλ‹€λŠ”
00:25
seeking an increasing number of people living and working in space.
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ꡭ제 ν˜‘λ ₯ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
This will start with NASA's Artemis program,
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ–΅λ§Œ μž₯μžλ“€κ³Ό λ―Όκ°„ 기업듀이 여기에 λŒ€κ±° μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  있죠.
00:32
an international program to send the first woman and the next man
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ν˜„μž¬ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 100μ—¬ 개의 λ‘œμΌ“ λ°œμ‚¬ κΈ°μ—…λ“€κ³Ό
00:36
to the Moon this decade.
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00:38
Billionaires and the private sector are getting involved
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μ•½ 12개의 달 탐사 기업듀이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
in unprecedented ways.
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00:43
There are over a hundred launch companies around the world
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인λ₯˜λŠ” 역사상 처음으둜 μž¬ν™œμš© λ‘œμΌ“ κΈ°μˆ μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
and roughly a dozen private lunar transportation companies
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00:50
readying robotic missions to the lunar surface.
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이것은 달에 지을 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ 기반 μ‹œμ„€μ˜ 건섀을 돕고
λ§Žμ€ μžμ›λ“€μ˜ μ΄μš©μ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
We have reusable rockets for the first time in human history.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹€λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
달에 μ•½ 10μ–΅ ν†€μ˜ μ–ΌμŒμ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
This will enable the development of infrastructure
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01:01
and utilization of resources.
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이것은 이어리 ν˜Έμˆ˜λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 큰 규λͺ¨μ΄κ³ ,
01:04
While estimates vary, scientists think
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λ‹¬μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  κ±°μ£Όν•˜κ²Œ 될 μˆ˜μ‹­λ§Œ λͺ…μ—κ²Œ 물을 곡급할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
there could be up to a billion metric tons of water ice on the Moon.
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01:10
That's greater than the size of Lake Erie,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 곡식적인 κ³„νšλ“€μ€ 계속 λ°”λ€Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
01:13
and enough water to support perhaps hundreds of thousands of people
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인λ₯˜κ°€ 10λ…„ 내에 λ‹¬μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  일할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μƒκ°μ—λŠ”
01:17
living and working on the Moon.
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νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œ μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
So although official plans are always evolving,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ‹¬μ˜ ν¬κΈ°λŠ” 아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™μ˜ 절반 정도 되고,
01:23
there's real reason to think that we could see people
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01:25
starting to live and work on the Moon
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μžμ›λ“€μ€
01:27
in the next decade.
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μ–‘κ·Ήμ˜ 맀우 μž‘μ€ 지역에 μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
However, the Moon is roughly the size of the continent of Africa,
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이것은 ν•œμ •λœ μžμ›μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 배뢄할지에 λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
and we're starting to see that the key resources
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01:36
may be concentrated in small areas
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달 이주에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 적법성 λ¬Έμ œλ„ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ£ .
01:39
near the poles.
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01:41
This raises important questions about coordinating access to scarce resources.
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μ‹λ―Όμ£Όμ˜, λ¬Έν™” μœ μ‚°, 자본주의 λΆˆν‰λ“± 이런 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
And there are also legitimate questions about going to the Moon:
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거기에 λ”ν•΄μ„œ,
01:50
colonialism, cultural heritage
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지ꡬ에도 아직 λ§Žμ€ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμž–μ•„μš”?
01:52
and reproducing the systemic inequalities of today's capitalism.
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μ‚¬μ΄λ²„μƒμ˜ κ·œμ •λ“€, μœ ν–‰λ³‘, ν…ŒλŸ¬λ¦¬μ¦˜,
그리고 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 기후변화와 동물 λ©Έμ’… λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄μš”.
01:57
And more to the point:
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01:59
Don't we have enough big challenges here on Earth?
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02:02
Internet governance, pandemics, terrorism and, perhaps most importantly,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 보면 달을 κ·Έμ € λͺ©μ μ§€λ‘œλ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” μžμ„Έκ°€
02:06
climate crisis and biodiversity loss.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚¨λ‹€κ³  λ³Ό 수 있죠.
이것은 정볡 μ˜μ‹μ„ λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ ,
02:10
In some senses,
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02:11
the idea of the Moon as just a destination
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큰 λ‘œμΌ“κ³Ό λΉ„μ‹Ό κ³„νšλ“€,
02:15
embodies these problematic qualities.
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경쟁과 승리λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
It conjures a frontier attitude
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 달에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν₯미둜운 뢀뢄은
02:20
of conquest,
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μ–΅λ§Œμž₯μžλ“€κ³Ό λ‘œμΌ“μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
02:21
big rockets and expensive projects,
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02:23
competition and winning.
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κ΅­κ°€ κ°„μ˜ μ²  μ§€λ‚œ ꢌλ ₯ νˆ¬μŸμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
But what's most interesting about the Moon
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사싀, λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
isn't the billionaires with their rockets
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λ°”λ‘œ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μ£ .
02:31
or the same old power struggle between states.
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μ‚¬νšŒ κ·œλ²”, ν’μŠ΅κ³Ό 법λ₯ λ“€μ΄μ£ .
μ €ν¬μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κΈ°μˆ μ΄κ³ μš”.
02:35
In fact, it's not the hardware at all.
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이것은 우리의 민주주의 μ œλ„μ™€ 법 체계λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 기회이고.
02:38
It's the software.
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02:40
It's the norms, customs and laws.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 지ꡬ에 λ‹₯μΉ  λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€μ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°νšŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
It's our social technologies.
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02:45
And it's the opportunity to update our democratic institutions
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μ €λŠ” 달이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 지ꡬ에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„
02:49
and the rule of law
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02:51
to respond to a new era of planetary-scale challenges.
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ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ €λŠ” 어렸을 λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° 이 μ£Όμ œμ— 관심이 λ§Žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
I'm going to tell you about how the Moon can be a canvas
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02:59
for solving some of our biggest challenges here on Earth.
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μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„κ°„ ꡭ제 우주 정책듀을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 일뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
03:03
I've been kind of obsessed with this topic since I was a teenager.
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μž‘μ€ 규λͺ¨μ˜ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ“€λ„ μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
I've spent the last two decades working on international space policy,
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μ œκ°€ 열일곱 μ‚΄λ•Œ,
우주의 평화적 μ΄μš©μ— κ΄€ν•œ μœ μ—” νšŒμ˜μ— μ°Έμ„ν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
but also on small community projects with bottom-up governance design.
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2μ£Όκ°„ 60κ°œκ΅­μ—μ„œ 온 160λͺ…μ˜ 학생듀은
03:18
When I was 17,
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03:19
I went to a UN conference on the peaceful uses of outer space
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μœ μ—” λΉŒλ”© μ˜†μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 큰 ν˜Έν…”μ— μ²˜λ°•ν˜€ μ§€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
in Vienna.
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저희 역할은 μ—¬λŸ¬ μ°Έκ°€κ΅­λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ œμ‹œν• 
03:25
Over two weeks, 160 young people from over 60 countries
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인λ₯˜μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 우주의 역할을 μž‘μ„±ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ˜€μ£ .
03:29
were crammed into a big hotel next to the UN building.
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회의 이후,
03:33
We were invited to make recommendations
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저와 μ°Έμ—¬μž λͺ‡ λͺ…은 μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•„ 같이 μ‚΄κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
to Member States
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03:36
about the role of space in humanity's future.
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자, 20λͺ…이 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚°λ‹€λŠ” 게 미친 짓 같을 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
03:40
After the conference,
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03:41
some of us were so inspired
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λͺ‡ 년이 μ§€λ‚œ λ’€μ—” 신뒰도가 높은 λͺ¨μž„μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμ „ν•΄
03:43
that we actually decided to keep living together.
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03:46
Now, living with 20 people might sound kind of crazy,
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μ‚¬νšŒ 곡학에 κ΄€ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄λ³Ό 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
but over the years, it enabled us to create a high-trust group
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 관리 체계도 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
CEO μ„ μ •μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° λ°°μ‹¬μ›μ˜ μ ˆμ°¨κΉŒμ§€ λ„μž…ν–ˆμ£ .
03:56
that allowed us to experiment with these social technologies.
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κ΄€λ ¨λœ κ²½ν—˜μ„ μŒ“μœΌλ©΄μ„œ
04:01
We designed governance systems ranging from assigning a CEO
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄μ— 있던 단체가 NASA μ†Œμ†μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
04:05
to using a jury process.
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직접 νšŒμ‚¬κΉŒμ§€ λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
And as we grew into our careers,
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이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 건
04:10
and we moved from DC think tanks to working for NASA
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아무리 μž‘μ€ 규λͺ¨μ˜ 집단이라도
μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 일어날 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
to starting our own companies,
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λŒ€ν‘œμž, 지속 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό 기회 같은 λ¬Έμ œμš”.
04:16
these experiments enabled us to see
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04:18
how even small groups could be a petri dish
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 달을 두고
04:22
for important societal questions such as representation,
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λ°°μ–‘ μ ‘μ‹œλ‚˜ 빈 μΉ νŒμ— λΉ„μœ ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
sustainability or opportunity.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 달을 λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ 법적 ν˜‘μ •λ“€λ‘œ 인해
04:28
People often talk about the Moon as a petri dish
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달에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλ„ 같은 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
or even a blank slate.
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이곳 μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ΅­κ°€κ°„ λ¬Έμ œλ“€ 말이죠.
04:35
But because of the legal agreements that govern the Moon,
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두 경우 λͺ¨λ‘ 지역과 ꡭ경을 μ΄ˆμ›”ν•œ 사고 방식이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
it actually has something very important in common
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04:43
with our global challenges here on Earth.
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즉, 달은 사싀 빈 칠판이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ³Έλ³΄κΈ°λ‘œμ„œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
They both involve issues that require us to think beyond territory and borders,
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1967년에 맺어진 우주 쑰약은
04:52
meaning the Moon is actually more of a template
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달을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν™œλ™μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‘°μ•½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
than a blank slate.
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04:57
Signed in 1967, the Outer Space Treaty is the defining treaty
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” 두 가지 ν•΅μ‹¬μš”μ†Œκ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
그에 따라 λ²•μ˜ 근간을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 것인지가 크게 λ°”λ€” 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
governing activities in outer space,
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05:05
including the Moon.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 우주의 λͺ¨λ“  μ²œμ²΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 자유둜운 μ ‘κ·Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
And it has two key ingredients
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05:09
that radically alter the basis on which laws can be constructed.
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두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”, 달을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ²œμ²΄λ“€μ€
05:14
The first is a requirement for free access to all areas of a celestial body.
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ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ†Œμœ λ¬Όλ‘œ ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
And the second is that the Moon and other celestial bodies
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이건 말도 μ•ˆ 되죠.
μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 지ꡬ상 λͺ¨λ“  ꡭ제적 체계,
05:25
are not subject to national appropriation.
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즉 μœ μ—”μ΄λ‚˜ ꡭ제 μ‘°μ•½, κ΅­κ°€ κ°„ ν˜‘μ •λ“€μ€
05:29
Now, this is crazy,
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κ΅­κ°€ 주ꢌ의 κ°œλ…μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ 
05:32
because the entire earthly international system --
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κ΅­κ²½ λ‚΄ μ˜ν† μ™€ μžμ›μ˜ 이용,
05:36
the United Nations,
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05:37
the system of treaties and international agreements --
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κ΅­κ²½ λ‚΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 자유둜운 ν†΅μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
05:40
is built on the idea of state sovereignty,
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05:43
on the appropriation of land and resources within borders
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이 두 가지 핡심 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³ 
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이λ₯Έλ°” β€™κ³΅μœ λ¬Όβ€œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 쑰약을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
and the autonomy to control free access within those borders.
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노벨상을 μˆ˜μƒν•œ 일리노어 였슀트둬의 말에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄,
05:51
By doing away with both of these,
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05:53
we create the conditions for what are called the "commons."
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ꡭ제적 κ³΅μœ λ¬Όμ€ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” μžμ›μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
05:57
Based on the work of Nobel Prize-winning economist Elinor Ostrom,
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우리의 생쑴과 행볡을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
06:01
global commons are those resources that we all share
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λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ κΈ°ν›„ λ¬Έμ œλ‚˜ ν•΄μ–‘ 문제 같은 κ±°μ£ .
06:05
that require us to work together to manage and protect
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곡유물 기반의 접근은
06:08
important aspects of our survival and well-being,
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체제λ₯Ό 섀계할 수 μžˆλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ§€κ΅¬λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 우주 λ²”μœ„κΉŒμ§€ ν™•μž₯ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
06:12
like climate or the oceans.
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06:15
Commons-based approaches offer a greenfield for institution design
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그럼 μž¬μ‚°κΆŒμ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
그리고 μžμ›λ“€μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
06:19
that's only beginning to be explored
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μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ μ§€νœ˜κΆŒκ³Ό 개인 μž¬μ‚°κΆŒ 같은 κΈ°μ‘΄ 방법듀이 μ μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄μš”.
06:21
at the global and interplanetary level.
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06:24
What do property rights look like?
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아직 κ·Έ 닡을 μ°Ύμ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
06:26
And how do we manage resources
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06:28
when the traditional tools of external authority and private property
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ‚˜ μ‚¬μ΄λ²„μƒμ˜ κ·œμ œλ“€, λ…μž¬μ£Όμ˜ 같은 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ€
06:32
don't apply?
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06:34
Though we don't have all the answers,
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ν˜„μž¬ 사고 λ°©μ‹λ“€λ‘œλŠ” ν•΄κ²°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
climate, internet governance, authoritarianism --
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œμ˜ 성곡을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 사고 방식을 λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
these are all deeply existential threats
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06:42
that we have failed to address with our current ways of thinking.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 곡유물 기반의 논리듀을
06:46
Successful paths forward will require us to develop new tools.
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지ꡬ와 우주적 체계에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
λœ»λ°–μ˜ μˆœκ°„μ— μ‹œλ„λœ 사둀가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
So how do we incorporate commons-based logic
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06:55
into our global and space institutions?
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2μ°¨ μ„Έκ³„λŒ€μ „ μ‹œκΈ°μ— μ Šμ€ μš΄λ™κ°€μ˜€λ˜ μ•„λΉ„λ“œ 파λ₯΄λ„λŠ”
06:59
Well, here's one attempt that came from an unlikely source.
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반ꡭ제주의 λͺ¨μž„을 μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이유둜
독일 비밀경찰에 μ²΄ν¬λ˜μ–΄ μ‚¬ν˜• μ„ κ³ λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
As a young activist in World War II,
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μ „μŸ 이후, κ·ΈλŠ” 외ꡐ 단체에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€
07:06
Arvid Pardo was arrested for anti-fascist organizing
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λ§νƒ€μ˜ 첫 번째 μœ μ—” λŒ€ν‘œκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
07:10
and held under death sentence by the Gestapo.
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07:13
After the war,
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07:15
he worked his way into the diplomatic corps,
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파λ₯΄λ„λŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²•μ΄ ꡭ제 곡유 μžμ›μ˜ 관리 문제λ₯Ό
07:18
eventually becoming the first permanent representative of Malta
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ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
to the United Nations.
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ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄ μƒμŠΉ 같은 문제 말이죠.
07:23
Pardo saw that international law did not have the tools
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그리고 κ΅­κ°€ κ°„μ˜ κ³΅ν‰ν•œ λΆ„λ°°λ₯Ό μ£Όμž₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  λ•ŒλΌλŠ” 것도 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
to address management of shared global resources,
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1967년에 파λ₯΄λ„λŠ” μœ μ—”μ—μ„œ 유λͺ…ν•œ 연섀을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
such as the high seas.
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07:32
He also saw an opportunity to advocate for equitable sharing between nations.
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κ·Έκ°€ μ œμ‹œν•œ κ°œλ…μ€
ν•΄μ–‘κ³Ό ν•΄μ–‘ μžμ›λ“€μ€ β€œμΈλ₯˜μ˜ 곡동 μœ μ‚°β€œμ΄λΌλŠ” κ±°μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
07:38
In 1967, Pardo gave a famous speech to the United Nations,
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파λ₯΄λ„μ˜ μ—°μ„€ 속 이 λ¬Έκ΅¬λŠ” κ²°κ΅­ 해양법 쑰약에 μ μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
introducing the idea
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07:44
that the oceans and their resources were the "common heritage of mankind."
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ν˜„μž¬ 지ꡬ상 κ°€μž₯ μ •κ΅ν•œ 곡유물 κ΄€λ ¨ 쑰약이라고 ν•  수 있죠.
07:50
The phrase was eventually adopted as part of the Law of the Sea Treaty,
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그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•΄μ–‘ κ΄€λ ¨ 법듀에도 λ§Žμ€ 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
probably the most sophisticated commons-management regime
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문ꡬ ν‘œν˜„μ— λ§Žμ€ λ…Όλž€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
07:58
on the planet today.
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08:00
It was seen as a watershed moment,
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μ‘°μ•½ 싀행을 μœ„ν•œ μ„œλͺ…을 λ°›λŠ” 데만 12λ…„ λ„˜κ²Œ κ±Έλ Έμ£ .
08:02
a constitution for the seas.
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08:05
But the language proved so controversial
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일뢀 κ΅­κ°€λŠ” 아직도 μ„œλͺ…을 κ±°λΆ€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
that it took over 12 years to gain enough signatures
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κ±°λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” 곡유 μžμ²΄κ°€ 뢈만인 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:11
for the treaty to enter into force,
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08:13
and some states still refuse to sign it.
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의무적으둜 κ³΅μœ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄ λ³΄κΈ°μ—λŠ” ν‰λ“±μ˜ 사상듀이
08:18
The objection was not so much about sharing per se,
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자치ꢌ과 κ΅­κ°€ μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ μΉ¨ν•΄ν•œλ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚€ 것이죠.
08:22
but the obligation to share.
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자치ꢌ과 κ΅­κ°€ μ£ΌκΆŒμ€ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ˜ 기반이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
States felt that the principle of equality undermined their autonomy
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08:30
and state sovereignty,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ, μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μ΄μœ λ“€λ‘œ
08:32
the same autonomy and state sovereignty that underpins international law.
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 곡동 μœ μ‚°μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” κ²°κ΅­ λΉ„κ·ΉμœΌλ‘œ λλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 큰 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
So in many ways,
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 세계 μ§ˆμ„œκ°€ ꡬ쑰 μž¬νŽΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μ €ν•­ν•˜λŠ” 방법을
08:41
the story of the common heritage principle
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08:43
is a tragedy.
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08:45
But it's powerful because it makes plain
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μ—¬μ‹€νžˆ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:48
the ways in which the current world order will put up antibodies and defenses
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
이미 μš°μ£Όμ‘°μ•½μ΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡬ쑰 κ°œν˜μ„ μ΄λ£¨μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
08:54
and resist attempts at structural reform.
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냉전이 μ ˆμ •μ— 이λ₯Ό λ•Œ,
08:58
But here's the thing:
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μ„œλ‘œ λ¨Όμ € 달에 갈 것이 λ‘λ €μ› λ˜ λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ†Œλ ¨μ€
09:01
the Outer Space Treaty has already made these structural reforms.
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λ² μŠ€νŠΈνŒ”λ Œ μ‘°μ•½κ³Ό λ‹€λ¦„μ—†λŠ” μ•…λ§ˆμ™€μ˜ 거래λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
At the height of the Cold War,
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09:07
terrified that each would get to the Moon first,
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자유 접근을 ν—ˆμš©ν•˜κ³  μ˜ν†  μ†Œμœ λ₯Ό κΈˆμ§€ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
09:10
the United States and the USSR
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09:12
made the Westphalian equivalent of a deal with the devil.
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인λ₯˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 체제λ₯Ό μž¬μ„€κ³„ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ 생겼죠.
09:16
By requiring free access and preventing territorial appropriation,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
지ꡬ에도 μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법을 찾을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
we are required to redesign our most basic institutions,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 달이 μ‘°κΈˆμ€ λ©€μ–΄ 보이긴 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
09:25
and perhaps in doing so,
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λ‹Ήμž₯의 기본적인 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 따라
09:27
learn something new we can apply here on Earth.
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그것이 μ„ λ‘€κ°€ λ˜μ–΄
09:30
So although the Moon might seem a little far away sometimes,
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λˆ„κ°€ λ…Όμ˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ™μ˜ν• μ§€ μ •ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
how we answer basic questions now
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κΈ°μˆ μ—λ„ μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
will set precedent for who has a seat at the table
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λ‘œμΌ“κ³Ό ν•˜λ“œμ›¨μ–΄λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ μš”.
09:40
and what consent looks like.
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싀은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λ“€μ΄ 이제 막 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
And these are questions of social technology,
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우주 κ΄€λ ¨ 단체듀이 기본적인 곡유 ν˜‘μ •μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³  있죠.
09:45
not rockets and hardware.
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09:48
In fact, these conversations are starting to happen right now.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‹¬μ˜ 지역듀을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 지정할 것인지와
μ°©λ₯™ 지역에 λŒ€ν•œ μŠΉμΈμ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œ
09:53
The space community is discussing basic shared agreements,
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09:56
such as how do we designate lunar areas as heritage sites,
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κΈ°μ‘΄ μ™ΈλΆ€ κΆŒν•œμ˜ 적용 없이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•  것이지 등에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν˜‘μ‘°ν•  것을 κ°•μš”ν•  수 μžˆκ² μ–΄μš”?
10:01
and how do we get permission for where to land
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λΌκ³  λͺ…λ Ήν•˜λŠ” 것이 κΈˆμ§€λœ λ‹¬μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
10:04
when traditional external authority
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10:06
doesn't apply?
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그리고 희귀 μžμ›λ“€μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 관리해야 ν• κΉŒμš”?
10:08
How do we enforce requirements for coordination
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ¬Όκ³Ό κ΄‘λ¬Ό,
10:11
when it's against the rules to tell people where to go?
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λ˜λŠ” μ˜μ›ν•œ λΉ›μ˜ λ΄‰μš°λ¦¬λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
10:14
And how do we manage access to scarce resources
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μ μ ˆν•œ μœ„λ„μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ λΆ„ν™”κ΅¬λ‘œ 늘 햇빛을 λ°›λŠ” 그런 κ³³μ΄μš”.
10:18
such as water, minerals
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10:20
or even the peaks of eternal light --
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그리고 κ·Έ κΆŒν•œμ€μš”?
일뢀 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 달에 λŒ€ν•œ 법듀이 μ–Όλ§ˆ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
10:24
craters that sit at just the right latitude
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10:26
to receive near-constant exposure to sunlight --
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맀우 μš°λ €ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ μš°λ €λ˜λŠ” 뢀뢄도 있죠.
10:29
and therefore, power?
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10:31
Now, some people think that the lack of rules on the Moon
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달에 κ΄€ν•œ 법이 μ—†μœΌλ©΄,
10:35
is terrifying.
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μ„ μ°©μˆœμœΌλ‘œ λ¨Όμ € λ„μ°©ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 달을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 상항이 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:36
And there are legitimately some terrifying elements of it.
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μ§€κΈˆ μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό λ†“μΉ˜λ©΄ 그럴 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
10:41
If there are no rules on the Moon,
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10:43
then won't we end up in a first-come, first-served situation?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— 용기 있게 λ§žμ„œλ©΄ 그런 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 없을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:48
And we might,
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10:50
if we dismiss this moment.
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저희 λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ 자치 κ²½ν—˜μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
10:53
But not if we're willing to be bold and to engage the challenge.
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였래된 것을 ν•΄μ²΄ν•˜κΈ° 보닀 μƒˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 게 훨씬 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:58
As we learned in our communities of self-governance,
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달이 μ•„λ‹Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œλ„
μ „ 세계 λŒ€μƒμ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 체제λ₯Ό μ‹œλ²”μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
11:01
it's easier to create something new than trying to dismantle the old.
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μš”κ΅¬μ‘°κ±΄μ— 따라 μ •ν™•ν•œ μ„€κ³„λœ λΉˆν‹ˆμ—†λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ
11:06
And where else but the Moon
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11:08
can we prototype new institutions at global scale
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:12
in a self-contained environment with the exact design constraints needed
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μ§€λ‚œ 1999λ…„,
μš°μ£Όμ— 관심 μžˆλŠ” μ²­λ…„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μœ μ—”μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
for our biggest challenges here on Earth?
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꿈과 생각을 ν‚€μš°κ³ ,
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ›ν•˜λ©΄ μ „ 세계에 영ν–₯을 끼칠 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  말이죠.
11:21
Back in 1999,
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11:23
the United Nations taught a group of young space geeks
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였늘 이 λ¬΄λŒ€λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ λ‹€μŒ λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
that we could think bigger,
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μ˜ν† μ™€ κ΅­κ²½ λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 무엇이 μ˜¬μ§€ κ·Έλ €λ³΄λŠ” 것이죠.
11:28
that we could impact nations if we chose to.
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11:32
Today, the stage is set for the next step:
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
to envision what comes after territory and borders.
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11:41
Thank you.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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