A new way to "grow" islands and coastlines | Skylar Tibbits

73,634 views ใƒป 2020-05-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ahyoung Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Eunice Yunjung Nam
00:13
For nearly a decade,
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10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:14
my collaborators and I at the Self-Assembly Lab
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์ €์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ฐ€์กฐ๋ฆฝ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ
00:17
have been working on material systems that transform themselves,
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:20
assemble themselves
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00:21
and adapt to their environment.
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์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
From our early work on 4D printing,
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4D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
00:26
where we printed objects, dipped them underwater,
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๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์†์— ๋‹ด๊ทธ๋ฉด
00:29
and they transform,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
to our active auxetics that respond to temperature and sunlight,
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์˜จ๋„์™€ ํ–‡๋น›์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด‰์ง„์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
00:35
to our more recent work on active textiles
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘์ธ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
that respond to body temperature and change porosity,
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ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ฌ์œ ๋Š” ์ฒด์˜จ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๊ณต์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
๊ธ‰์† ์•ก์ฒด ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ž‘์—…์—๋„ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
to our rapid liquid printing work
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00:42
where we print inflatable structures
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์ด๋•Œ์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:44
that morph based on air pressure
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์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:46
and go from one shape to another,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
or our self-assembly work
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๋˜๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋‹ด๊ทธ๋ฉด
00:50
where we dip objects underwater,
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00:52
they respond to wave energy and assemble themselves
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ํŒŒ๋™์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:55
into precise objects like furniture.
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๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Or, at larger scales,
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๋” ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ํ’๋ ฅ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:00
using wind energy,
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01:01
we have meter-diameter weather balloons
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์ง€๋ฆ„ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ๊ด€์ธกํ’์„ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ 
01:03
that assemble in the airspace above a construction site.
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๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
For dangerous environments or harsh, extreme places
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ ๊ฐ™์ด
01:09
where it's hard to get people or equipment,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณณ์ด์š”.
01:11
they can assemble in the airspace, and as the helium dies,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์ด ๋‹ค ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด
01:14
they then come back to the ground,
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์ง€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
and you're left with a big space frame structure.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ž…์ฒด๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:18
All of this research is about taking simple materials,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
01:22
activating them with forces in their environment --
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์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํž˜์„ ์จ์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
gravity, wind, waves, temperature, sunlight --
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์ค‘๋ ฅ, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ, ํŒŒ๋„, ์˜จ๋„, ํ–‡๋น› ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
01:28
and getting them to perform,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:29
getting them to transform, assemble, etc.
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๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
How do we build smart things
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„
01:34
without complex electromechanical devices?
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์—†์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
01:37
But more recently we were approached by a group in the Maldives,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋””๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ด ๋‹ฟ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:40
and they were interested in taking some of this research and ways of thinking
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
and applying it to some of the challenges that they've faced
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:47
in terms of climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:48
And the first thing you do
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชฐ๋””๋ธŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
01:50
when you're approached by someone in the Maldives
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01:52
is say you want to go on a site visit.
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ํ˜„์žฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:55
It is amazing.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:56
So we went there
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋””๋ธŒ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
01:57
and I actually walked away with a really different perspective
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๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฏค, ์ œ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
on the future of climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:02
Because you would imagine, you know, the Maldives are sinking.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ชฐ๋””๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
ํฐ์ผ์ด์ฃ . ์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:05
They're screwed. What are they going to do?
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
But I walked away thinking, they might be the model,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด, ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ
02:10
the future model of the built environment, where they can adapt and be resilient
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๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
02:13
rather than our fixed, man-made infrastructure.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:16
But there's typically three main approaches
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02:18
to sea level rise and climate change.
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:20
One of them is that we can do nothing and we can run away.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋„๋ง์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
02:23
And that's a pretty bad idea.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
02:24
As more than 40 percent of the world's population
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 40ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
02:27
is living in coastal areas,
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์—ฐ์•ˆ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:29
as sea levels rise and as storms get worse and worse,
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒœํ’์ด ์ ์  ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
02:32
we're going to be more and more underwater.
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์—ฐ์•ˆ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์ฐจ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:34
So it's imperative that we solve this pretty demanding problem.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
The second is that we can build barriers.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
02:40
We can build walls.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฒฝ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:42
The problem here is that we take a static solution
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:45
trying to fight against a superdynamic, high-energy problem,
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์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ •์ ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:50
and nature is almost always going to win.
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:52
So that's likely not going to work either.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
02:54
The third approach is using dredging.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ค€์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
So dredging is where you suck up a bunch of sand from the deep ocean
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์ค€์„ค์ด๋ž€ ์‹ฌํ•ด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ
03:00
and you pump it back onto the beaches.
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ํ•ด๋ณ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํผ๋‚˜๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:02
If you go to any beach around the Northeast or Western Coast,
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๋ถ๋™๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ๋Š”
03:04
you'll see that they use dredging year after year after year
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ค€์„ค์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
just to survive.
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์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
03:09
It's really not a good solution.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
In the Maldives, they do the same thing, and they can build an island in a month,
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๋ชฐ๋””๋ธŒ์—์„œ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ๋งŒ์— ์„ฌ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:14
a brand new island they build from dredging.
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์ค€์„ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์„ฌ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:17
But it's really, really bad for the marine ecosystem,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
and then they become addicted to dredging.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค€์„ค์— ์ค‘๋…๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
03:22
They need to do that year after year.
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๋งค๋…„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:24
But in the time that it took them to build that one island,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฌ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ,
03:27
three sandbars built themselves,
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์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ํ†ฑ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
and these are massive amounts of sand
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:31
so big you can park your boat on it,
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๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฐ•ํ•  ๋งŒํผ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
and this is what's called a site visit.
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
It's really hard work.
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์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
03:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:39
In Boston winters.
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๊ฒจ์šธ์˜ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:41
This is massive amounts of sand that naturally accumulates
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์‹ค๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
just based on the forces of the waves
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ํž˜๊ณผ
03:47
and the ocean topography.
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ํ•ด์ €์ง€ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
So we started to study that. Why do sandbars form?
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜ํ†ฑ์ด ์™œ ์Œ“์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:51
If we could tap into that,
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
03:53
we could understand it and we could utilize it.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:55
It's based on the amount of energy in the ocean
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์† ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์–‘๊ณผ
03:58
and the topography in the landscape that promotes sand accumulation.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์Œ“์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
So what we're proposing is to work with the forces of nature
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
to build rather than destroy,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:07
and in my lab at MIT, we set up a wave tank,
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์ดํ›„ MIT ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์— ํŒŒ๋„ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:09
a big tank that's pumping waves,
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ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒฑํฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:11
and we placed geometries underwater.
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๋ฌผ ์†์— ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
We tried all sorts of different geometries.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:16
The waves interact with the geometry,
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ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
04:19
and then create turbulence and start to accumulate the sand
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๋‚œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
so the sand starts to form these sandbars on their own.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ํ†ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:26
Here's an aerial view.
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์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
On the left-hand side, you'll see the beach that's growing.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณ€์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ,
04:30
In the middle you'll see the sandbar that formed.
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๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜ํ†ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
So these are geometries that collaborate with the force of the wave to build.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํŒŒ๋„์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
We then started to fabricate one. This was in February in Boston.
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2์›” ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:39
We have large rolls of canvas.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
It's a biodegradable material,
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์ž์—ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜€๊ณ ์š”.
04:43
it's super cheap, easy to work with.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์—๋„ ์šฉ์ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
We then sew it into these large bladders,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฟฐ๋งค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
and then we flew over there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ”์ฃ .
04:50
And I know what you're thinking. This is not the Fyre Festival.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฑด ํŒŒ์ด์–ด ํŽ˜์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ฐœ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
04:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:54
This is real life. It's real.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์งœ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:57
And we flew there with these canvas bladders in our suitcases,
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์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
we got sunburned because it was Boston winter,
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด์–ด์„œ ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:04
and then we filled them with sand and we placed them underwater.
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์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์„œ ๋ฌผ ์†์— ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
These are exactly the same geometries that you saw in the tank,
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ํƒฑํฌ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
they're just human scale.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์‹ค์ œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
05:12
Large objects filled with sand,
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ธด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ
05:13
we'd place them underwater, they're just really simple geometries.
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๋ฌผ ์†์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
In the front of them, you'll see it's clear water.
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์•ž์—๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์š”.
05:20
The waves are crashing over.
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ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์น˜์ฃ .
05:22
It's quite clear.
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๊ฝค ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
05:23
And then on the backside, there's turbulence.
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๋’ทํŽธ์—๋Š” ๋‚œ๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ ,
05:26
The water and the sand is mixing up.
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์„ž์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
It's causing sediment transport, and then the sand is accumulating.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์นจ์ „๋ฌผ์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:31
You'll see some friendly stingrays here that visited us.
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์ €๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
05:34
On the left is day one, the right is day three.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์ด ์ฒซ์งธ๋‚ , ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์ด ์…‹์งธ๋‚ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
You'll see the sand ripples in the light areas
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๋” ์˜…์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ๋ ์ž„์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹คํ…๋ฐ,
05:39
where the sand is accumulating
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:41
just after two days.
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์ดํ‹€๋งŒ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:43
So this was last February, and it's very much ongoing work.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 2์›”์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
This is just in the beginning of this research.
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์•„์ง ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ˆ์š”.
05:49
Over the next year and longer,
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๋‚ด๋…„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
05:50
we're going to be studying this through satellite imagery
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์œ„์„ฑ ์˜์ƒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
and bathymetry data
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์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์ธก๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:54
to understand what the short-term and long-term impacts are
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
of natural sand accumulation in the environment.
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์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:01
And the bigger vision, though,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๊ฟˆ์€,
06:03
is that we want to build submersible geometries,
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๋ฌผ ์†์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
almost like submarines that we can sink and float.
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๋ฌผ์†์—์„œ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์ˆ˜์ •์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:08
Like adaptable artificial reefs,
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ํ˜น์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์–ด์ดˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
06:10
you could deploy them
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:11
if there's a storm coming from one direction or another
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ํƒœํ’์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
06:15
or if the seasons are changing,
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๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:16
you can use these adaptable reef structures
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์–ด์ดˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:19
to use the force of the waves to accumulate sand.
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ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ถ•์ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:22
And we think this could be used in many coastal regions
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ์•ˆ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
and many island nations around the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ ์š”.
06:27
But when we think about building smarter environments,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋”์šฑ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ
06:30
think of smarter buildings or smarter cars or smarter clothing,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ์ฐจ, ์˜ท์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
06:34
that typically means adding more power,
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
more batteries, more devices, more cost, more complexity
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—, ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€๊ณ  ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
06:40
and ultimately more failure.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
06:43
So we're always trying to think about how do we build smarter things with less?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
How do we build smarter things that are simple?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ•œ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:49
And so what we're proposing at the lab and with this project specifically
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์€
06:53
is to use simple materials like sand
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
that collaborates with forces in the environment like waves
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์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํž˜๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:59
to accumulate and adapt.
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์ถ•์ ํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜, ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:01
And we'd like to work with you, collaborate with us, to develop this,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
to scale it and apply this way of thinking.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
We think it's a different model for climate change,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
one that's about adaptation and resilience
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์ ์‘๊ณผ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
07:13
rather than resistance and fear.
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์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
So help us turn natural destruction into natural construction.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐ ๊ฑด์„ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:20
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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