3 psychological tricks to help you save money | The Way We Work, a TED series

377,966 views

2019-02-09 ใƒป TED


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3 psychological tricks to help you save money | The Way We Work, a TED series

377,966 views ใƒป 2019-02-09

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Myung Duk LIM ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ €์ถ•์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
์ €์ถ•์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ์ €์ถ•์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹]
์ €์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ฃ .
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €์ถ•์ด๋ž€ ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €์ถ•์•ก์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค์ •๋“ค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์›” ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๊ณ 
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์”€์”€์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ธ๋ฐ
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค์ •์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ ๊ธˆ ํ†ต์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
ํ‡ด์ง ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €์ถ•ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ํ–‰์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์„ ๋‹ค์ง์˜ ํž˜"์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์€ํ‡ด ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ €์ถ•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
์‚ด๋„ ๋บ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ „ํ™”๋„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ง๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ํ™˜๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น„๊ต ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์ฃ .
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” 2์›” ์ดˆ์— ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ๋ฌด ์‹ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ด์ฃ .
๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์„ธ๊ธˆ ํ™˜๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ๋ช‡ %๋ฅผ ์ €์ถ•ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
ํ™˜๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์„์ง€, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„์ง€ ์•„์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
ํ™˜๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์งํ›„์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"๋ช‡ %๋ฅผ ์ €์ถ•ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™˜๊ธ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์งํ›„์—๋Š”
ํ™˜๊ธ‰์•ก์˜ 17% ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ €์ถ•ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋ฌด ์‹ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
์ €์ถ•์œจ์ด 17%์—์„œ 27%๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
2์›”์— ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฃ .
์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์ง์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ 
๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด 27%๋ฅผ ์ €์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์ €์ถ• ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ด ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž ์‹œ ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์„ ๋งก๊ธด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„์š”.
์ €์ถ•์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค„ ์–ดํ”Œ๋„ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€, ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, "์ƒ์•  ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ"๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ชจ๋‘ 64์„ธ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์„ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์˜€์ฃ .
ํ•œ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์€ํ‡ด ์ค€๋น„๋Š” ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์ด์ œ 64์„ธ์—์„œ 65์„ธ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„
์€ํ‡ด ์ค€๋น„๋Š” ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
์ฃผํƒ๊ณต์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
์ƒ์•  ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐํšŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๋„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์ƒˆ์ถœ๋ฐœ ํšจ๊ณผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒˆํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๋•Œ๋‚˜
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ๋•Œ
์‹ค์ฒœ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋˜์ฃ .
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ, ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์•ฝ์† ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ด๋‘์„ธ์š”.
์ƒ์ผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „ ๋‚ ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์žฌ๋ฌด ํ–‰์œ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ด์„œ
์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ์„ธ์š”.
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
์€ํ–‰ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ถœ์ด
์™ธ์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค์ผ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ์„œ
๊ฐ€๋ž‘๋น„์— ์˜ท ์ –๋Š” ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ ํ•œ ์ž”, ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ถ€๋ฆฌํ†  ํ•˜๋‚˜...
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์Œ“์ด๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ €์ถ•ํ•  ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „์— ๋‰ด์š•์— ์‚ด ๋‹น์‹œ์—
์ œ ์ง€์ถœ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต์œ ์— 2,000๋ถˆ์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
So now that I was 4,000 dollars in the hole, I did two things.
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๋‰ด์š•์‹œ ์›”์„ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•ก์ˆ˜์˜€์ฃ .
์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งน์„ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
The first is that I unlinked my credit card
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์—๋„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ 2,000๋ถˆ์„ ์ผ์ฃ ..
04:28
from my car-sharing apps.
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๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:29
Instead, I linked a debit card that only had 300 dollars a month.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
If I needed more,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 4,000๋ถˆ ์ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
I had to go through the whole process of adding a new card,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
04:38
and we know that every click, every barrier, changes our behavior.
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00:00
We all know that saving is important
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and is something that we should be doing.
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And yet, overall, we're doing less and less of it.
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00:06
[The Way We Work]
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00:10
We know what we need to do.
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00:12
The question is: How do we do it?
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00:14
And that's what I'm here to teach you.
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Your savings behavior isn't a question of how smart you are
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00:19
or how much willpower you have.
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00:20
The amount we save depends on the environmental cues around us.
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00:23
Let me give you an example.
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00:25
We ran a study in which, in one group,
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we showed people their income on a monthly basis.
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00:30
In another group, we showed people their income on a weekly basis.
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00:34
And what we found was that people who saw their income on a weekly basis
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00:38
were able to budget better throughout the month.
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00:41
Now, it's important to know
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that we didn't change how much money people were receiving,
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00:45
we just changed the environment in which they understood their income.
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00:48
And environmental cues like this have an impact.
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00:51
So I'm not going to share tricks with you that you already know.
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00:54
I'm not going to tell you how to open up a savings account
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00:56
or how to start saving for your retirement.
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00:58
What I am going to share with you is how to bridge this gap
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01:01
from your intentions to save
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and your actions.
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01:05
Are you ready?
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01:06
Here's number one:
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harness the power of pre-commitment.
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01:09
Fundamentally, we think about ourselves in two different ways:
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01:12
our present self and our future self.
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01:14
In the future, we're perfect.
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01:16
In the future, we're going to save for retirement,
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01:18
we're going to lose weight,
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01:20
we're going to call our parents more.
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01:21
But we oftentimes forget that our future self
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is exactly the same person as our present self.
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01:27
We know that one of the best times to save is when you get your tax return.
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01:30
So we tried an A/B test.
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01:32
In the first group, we texted people in early February,
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01:35
hopefully before they even filed for their taxes.
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01:38
And we asked them,
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01:39
"If you get a tax refund, what percentage would you like to save?"
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01:42
Now this is a really hard question.
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01:44
They didn't know if they would receive a tax refund or how much.
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01:48
But we asked the question anyway.
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01:49
In the second group, we asked people right after they received their refund,
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"What percentage would you like to save?"
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01:56
Now, here's what happened.
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01:57
In that second condition, when people just received their tax refund,
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02:01
they wanted to save about 17 percent of their tax refund.
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02:04
But in the condition when we asked people before they even filed their taxes,
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02:09
savings rates increased from 17 percent to 27 percent
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02:13
when we asked in February.
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02:14
Why?
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02:16
Because you're committing for your future self,
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02:18
and of course your future self can save 27 percent.
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02:21
These large changes in savings behavior
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02:23
came from the fact that we changed the decision-making environment.
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02:26
We want you to be able to harness that same power.
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02:29
So take a moment
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02:30
and think about the ways in which you can sign up your future self
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02:34
for something that you know today will be a little bit hard.
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02:37
Sign up for an app that lets you make savings decisions in advance.
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02:40
The trick is, you have to have that binding contract.
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02:44
Number two: use transition moments to your advantage.
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02:47
We did an experiment with a website
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that helps older adults share their housing.
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02:52
We ran two ads on social media,
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02:54
targeted to the same population of 64-year-olds.
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02:56
In one group, we said, "Hey, you're getting older.
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02:59
Are you ready for retirement?
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03:01
House sharing can help."
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03:02
In the second group, we got a little bit more specific
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03:05
and said, "You're 64 turning 65.
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03:07
Are you ready for retirement?
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03:09
House sharing can help."
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03:10
What we're doing in that second group
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03:12
is highlighting that a transition is happening.
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03:15
All of a sudden,
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03:16
we saw click-through rates, and ultimately sign-up rates, increase
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03:19
when we highlight that.
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03:20
In psychology, we call this the "fresh start effect."
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03:23
Whether it's the start of a new year or even a new season,
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your motivation to act increases.
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03:28
So right now, put a meeting request on your calendar
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03:31
for the day before your next birthday.
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03:33
Identify the one financial thing you most want to do.
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03:36
And commit yourself to it.
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03:38
The third and final trick:
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get a handle on small, frequent purchases.
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03:43
We've run a few different studies
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and found that the number one purchase people say they regret, after bank fees,
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is eating out.
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03:51
It's a frequent purchase we make almost every day,
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03:54
and it's death by a thousand cuts.
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03:56
A coffee here, a burrito there ...
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03:58
It adds up and decreases our ability to save.
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04:02
Back when I lived in New York City,
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04:04
I looked at my expenses
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04:05
and saw that I spent over 2,000 dollars on ride-sharing apps.
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04:09
It was more than my New York City rent.
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04:11
I vowed to make a change.
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04:13
And the next month, I spent 2,000 dollars again --
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04:16
no change, because the information alone didn't change my behavior.
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04:20
I didn't change my environment.
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์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต์œ  ์–ดํ”Œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:42
We aren't machines.
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๋Œ€์‹  ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— 300๋ถˆ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•œ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
We don't carry around an abacus every day,
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04:46
adding up what we're spending, in comparison to what we wanted.
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๋ˆ์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:50
But what our brains are very good at
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›€์ด ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
is counting up the number of times we've done something.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
So I gave myself a limit.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฃผํŒ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:57
I can only use ride-sharing apps three times a week.
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€์ถœํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๋”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์˜๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:00
It forced me to ration my travels.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:03
I got a handle on my car-sharing expenses to the benefit of my husband,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
because of the environmental changes that I did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œํ•œ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:09
So get a handle on whatever that purchase is for you,
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์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด๋‘๊ณ 
05:12
and change your environment to make it harder to do so.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์™ธ์ถœ์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
Those are my tips for you.
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์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต์œ ์— ์“ธ ๋ˆ์„ ์•„๊ปด์„œ ์ œ ๋‚จํŽธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์ฃ .
05:17
But I want you to remember one thing.
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05:19
As human beings, we can be irrational when it comes to saving
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์ด๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ 
05:23
and spending and budgeting.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋“ค์ด ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:25
But luckily, we know this about ourselves,
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05:27
and we can predict how we'll act under certain environments.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฟ€ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด๋‘์„ธ์š”.
05:31
Let's do that with saving.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€๋ผ
05:33
Let's change our environment to help our future selves.
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์ €์ถ•, ์†Œ๋น„, ์ง€์ถœ ๊ณ„ํš ๋“ฑ์—๋Š” ๋น„์ด์„ฑ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ• ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
์ €์ถ•ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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