Geoff Mulgan: Post-crash, investing in a better world

38,150 views ใƒป 2009-09-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: June Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeongyob Park
00:19
It's hard to believe that it's less than a year since the extraordinary moment
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต๊ณผ ์‹ ์šฉ์ด ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด
00:23
when the finance, the credit, which drives our economies froze.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋…„๋„ ์ฑ„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐธ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
A massive cardiac arrest.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋งˆ๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
The effect, the payback, perhaps, for years of vampire predators like Bernie Madoff,
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๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
00:34
whom we saw earlier.
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๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ ๋งค๋„ํ”„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํกํ˜ˆ๊ท€ ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค์˜
00:36
Abuse of steroids, binging and so on.
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์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๋‚จ์šฉ๊ณผ ํฅ์ฒญ๋ง์ฒญํ•จ ๋“ฑ์ผ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
And it's only a few months since governments
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ์ง€
00:41
injected enormous sums of money to try and keep the whole system afloat.
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๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๋ฐ–์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And we're now in a very strange sort of twilight zone,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
00:49
where no one quite knows what's worked, or what doesn't.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
We don't have any very clear maps, any compass to guide us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„ํ•  ๋‚˜์นจ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
We don't know which experts to believe anymore.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
What I'm going to try and do is to give some pointers
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์‚ฌํƒœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:04
to what I think is the landscape on the other side of the crisis,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
what things we should be looking out for
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
01:10
and how we can actually use the crisis.
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์ด ์‚ฌํƒœ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
There's a definition of leadership which says,
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์˜ ์ •์˜ ์ค‘ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
"It's the ability to use the smallest possible crisis
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
01:19
for the biggest possible effect."
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค"
01:21
And I want to talk about how we ensure that this crisis,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ž‘์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:24
which is by no means small, really is used to the full.
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์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
I want to start just by saying a bit about where I'm coming from.
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๋จผ์ € ์ œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์„œ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
I've got a very confused background
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:34
which perhaps makes me appropriate for confused times.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
I've got a Ph.D. in Telecoms, as you can see.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ €๋Š” ํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:41
I trained briefly as a Buddhist monk under this guy.
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์ด ๋ถ„ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ต ์Šน๋ ค๋กœ ์ž ๊น ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ํ•œ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
I've been a civil servant,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:46
and I've been in charge of policy for this guy as well.
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์ด ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
But what I want to talk about begins when I was at this city, this university, as a student.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์—, ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์„๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And then as now, it was a beautiful place of balls and punts, beautiful people,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ์—๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ฌด๋„ํšŒ์™€ ๋ณดํŠธํƒ€๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:00
many of whom took to heart Ronald Reagan's comment
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:03
that, "even if they say hard work doesn't do you any harm,
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์™œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ?"๋ผ๋Š” ๋กœ๋„๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๊ฐ„์งํ•œ
02:06
why risk it?"
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
But when I was here,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
02:11
a lot of my fellow teenagers were in a very different situation,
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์‹ญ๋Œ€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
leaving school at a time then of rapidly growing youth unemployment,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:19
and essentially hitting a brick wall in terms of their opportunities.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฒฝ์— ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
And I spent quite a lot of time with them rather than in punts.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ณดํŠธํƒ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
And they were people who were not short of wit, or grace or energy,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋จธ, ํ’ˆ์œ„, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:32
but they had no hope, no jobs, no prospects.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ง์—…์ด ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
And when people aren't allowed to be useful,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
02:37
they soon think that they're useless.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณง ์ž์‹ ์ด ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
And although that was great for the music business at the time,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ์Œ์•…์—…๊ณ„ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์•˜์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
02:43
it wasn't much good for anything else.
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
And ever since then, I've wondered why it is that capitalism
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๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ๋Š” ์ค„๊ณง ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”
02:48
is so amazingly efficient at some things, but so inefficient at others,
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๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
why it's so innovative in some ways and so un-innovative in others.
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๋˜ ์™œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ๋น„ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Now, since that time,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
02:59
we've actually been through an extraordinary boom,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ˜ธํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
the longest boom ever in the history of this country.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ํ˜ธํ™ฉ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Unprecedented wealth and prosperity,
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์ „๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฒˆ์˜์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
03:08
but that growth hasn't always delivered what we needed.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
H.L. Mencken once said that, "to every complex problem,
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H.L. ๋ฉ˜์ผ„์€ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—๋Š”
03:15
there is a simple solution and it's wrong."
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
03:19
But I'm not saying growth is wrong,
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์ €๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
but it's very striking that throughout the years of growth,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด
03:24
many things didn't get better.
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๋‚˜์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Rates of depression carried on up, right across the Western world.
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์„œ๊ตฌ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
If you look at America, the proportion of Americans
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†๋Š”
03:32
with no one to talk to about important things
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด 10ํผ์„ผํŠธ์—์„œ
03:34
went up from a tenth to a quarter.
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25ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
We commuted longer to work, but as you can see from this graph,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ†ต๊ทผ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
03:40
the longer you commute the less happy you're likely to be.
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ํ†ต๊ทผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
And it became ever clearer that economic growth
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™์„
03:47
doesn't automatically translate into social growth or human growth.
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์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
We're now at another moment
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹ญ๋Œ€๋“ค์ด
03:54
when another wave of teenagers are entering a cruel job market.
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์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ง ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:59
There will be a million unemployed young people here
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์—ฐ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์‹ค์—…์ž๋“ค์ด
04:01
by the end of the year,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
thousands losing their jobs everyday in America.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์—๋„ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
We've got to do whatever we can to help them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
but we've also got to ask, I think, a more profound question
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
of whether we use this crisis to jump forward
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
04:15
to a different kind of economy that's more suited to human needs,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”
04:19
to a better balance of economy and society.
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๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
And I think one of the lessons of history is that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตํ›ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
04:25
even the deepest crises can be moments of opportunity.
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๊นŠ์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
They bring ideas from the margins into the mainstream.
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์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
They often lead to the acceleration of much-needed reforms.
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์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๊ฐ€์†์„ ๋”ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
And you saw that in the '30s,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 1930๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€๊ณตํ™ฉ์ด
04:40
when the Great Depression paved the way
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๋ธŒ๋ž˜ํŠผ ์šฐ์ฆˆ ์ฒด์ œ์™€
04:43
for Bretton Woods, welfare states and so on.
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๋ณต์ง€๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋„์ž…์„ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
And I think you can see around us now,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ
04:49
some of the green shoots of a very different kind of economy and capitalism
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜
04:52
which could grow.
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ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์ƒˆ์‹น๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
You can see it in daily life.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰์†Œ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
When times are hard, people have to do things for themselves,
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
04:58
and right across the world, Oxford, Omaha, Omsk,
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ, ์˜ค๋งˆํ•˜, ์˜ด์Šคํฌ ๋“ฑ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
05:02
you can see an extraordinary explosion of urban farming,
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๋„์‹œ ์†์˜ ๋†์—…์˜ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
people taking over land, taking over roofs,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋•…๊ณผ ์ง€๋ถ•
05:08
turning barges into temporary farms.
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๋ฐ”์ง€์„ ์„ ์ž„์‹œ ๋†์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
And I'm a very small part of this.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
I have 60,000 of these things in my garden.
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์ œ ์ •์›์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 6๋งŒ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
A few of these. This is Atilla the hen.
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๋‹ญ๋„ ๋ช‡ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–˜๋Š” ์•”ํƒ‰์ธ ์•„ํ‹ธ๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
And I'm a very small part of a very large movement,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
which for some people is about survival,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ƒ์กด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:24
but is also about values, about a different kind of economy,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
which isn't so much about consumption and credit,
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์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์‹ ์šฉ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:29
but about things which matter to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
And everywhere too, you can see a proliferation of time banks
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ†ตํ™”์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„
05:35
and parallel currencies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
people using smart technologies to link up
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์žฅ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค, ๋•…์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์ง„ ์ž์›๋“ค์„
05:40
all the resources freed up by the market -- people, buildings, land --
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
05:43
and linking them to whomever has got the most compelling needs.
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๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
There's a similar story, I think, for governments.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Ronald Reagan, again, said the two funniest sentences
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋กœ๋‚ ๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด์˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
in the English language are,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
"I'm from the government. And I'm here to help."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ "์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Ÿฌ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:00
But I think last year when governments did step in,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž‘๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๊ทน๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ,
06:02
people were quite glad that they were there, that they did act.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ธฐ๋ปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
But now, a few months on,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ํ˜๋ €๊ณ 
06:07
however good politicians are at swallowing frogs
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ผํ‚ค๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋งŒํผ
06:10
without pulling a face, as someone once put it,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
06:12
they can't hide their uncertainty.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•จ์„ ์ˆจ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Because it's already clear
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์˜ ๋ˆ์ด
06:16
how much of the enormous amount of money they put into the economy,
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์€ํ–‰๋“ค๊ณผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
06:20
really went into fixing the past, bailing out the banks, the car companies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:25
not preparing us for the future.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
How much of the money is going into concrete and boosting consumption,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„
06:31
not into solving the really profound problems we have to solve.
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๊ฑด์„ค๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
06:35
And everywhere, as people think about the unprecedented sums
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ก€์—†๋Š” ์•ก์ˆ˜์˜
06:38
which are being spent of our money and our children's money,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆ์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ,
06:41
now, in the depth of this crisis, they're asking:
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์ด์ œ, ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
06:43
Surely, we should be using this with a longer-term vision
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค
06:47
to accelerate the shift to a green economy,
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๋” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:49
to prepare for aging, to deal with some of the inequalities
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๋…ธ๋ นํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:52
which scar countries like this and the United States
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ
06:56
rather than just giving the money to the incumbents?
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
Surely, we should be giving the money to entrepreneurs, to civil society,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์„ ์ค˜์„œ
07:02
for people able to create the new,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
not to the big, well-connected companies,
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ํฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์ค„์ด ๋“ ๋“ ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค,
07:07
big, clunky government programs.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
And, after all this, as the great Chinese sage Lao Tzu said,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” , ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์ž ๋…ธ์ž๋Š”
07:14
"Governing a great country is like cooking a small fish.
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"์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค."
07:17
Don't overdo it."
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„๋ผ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
And I think more and more people are also asking:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
07:23
Why boost consumption, rather than change what we consume?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋งŒ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
07:26
Like the mayor of Sรฃo Paulo who's banned advertising billboards,
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๊ด‘๊ณ ํŒ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋ฃจ ์‹œ์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
07:30
or the many cities like San Francisco
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด
07:32
putting in infrastructures for electric cars.
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์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
You can see a bit of the same thing happening in the business world.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Some, I think some of the bankers
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์€ํ–‰ ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
07:43
who have appear to have learned nothing and forgotten nothing.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ˆ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
But ask yourselves: What will be the biggest sectors of the economy
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”: 10๋…„, 20๋…„, 30๋…„ ํ›„์— ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด
07:49
in 10, 20, 30 years time? It won't be the ones lining up for handouts,
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
07:53
like cars and aerospace and so on.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์‚ฐ์—… ๋“ฑ์€ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
The biggest sector, by far, will be health --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
already 18 percent of the American economy,
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ 18ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:01
predicted to grow to 30, even 40 percent by mid-century.
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๊ธˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€ 30ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด 40ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
Elder care, child care, already much bigger employers than cars.
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๋…ธ๋ น์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์–‘, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๋ณด์œก ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Education: six, seven, eight percent of the economy and growing.
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๊ต์œก์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ 6,7,8 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„์† ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
Environmental services, energy services, the myriad of green jobs,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‚ฐ์—…, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฐ์—…, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋“ค
08:17
they're all pointing to a very different kind of economy
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:20
which isn't just about products, but is using distributed networks,
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ œํ’ˆ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:25
and it's founded above all on care, on relationships,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:29
on what people do to other people, often one to one,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:32
rather than simply selling them a product.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š๋ƒ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
And I think that what connects the challenge for civil society,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋„์ „, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋„์ „,
08:40
the challenge for governments and the challenge for business now
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋„์ „์„ ์ด์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:43
is, in a way, a very simple one, but quite a difficult one.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
We know our societies have to radically change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
We know we can't go back to where we were before the crisis.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
But we also know it's only through experiment
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
that we'll discover exactly how to run a low carbon city,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ• ์ง€,
09:02
how to care for a much older population,
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๋…ธ๋ นํ™”๋œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€
09:05
how to deal with drug addiction and so on.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋… ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
And here's the problem.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
In science, we do experiments systematically.
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๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Our societies now spend two, three, four percent of GDP
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ GDP์˜ 2,3,4 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ
09:19
to invest systematically in new discovery, in science, in technology,
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:22
to fuel the pipeline of brilliant inventions
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ
09:25
which illuminate gatherings like this.
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TED์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
It's not that our scientists are necessarily much smarter
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฑ๋…„์ „์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ
09:30
than they were a hundred years ago, maybe they are,
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ์€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
but they have a hell of a lot more backing than they ever did.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ก€์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And what's striking though,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„
09:39
is that in society there's almost nothing comparable,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
no comparable investment,
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋„ ์—†๊ณ ,
09:43
no systematic experiment, in the things capitalism isn't very good at,
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฏผ, ๊ณต๊ฐ, ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
09:47
like compassion, or empathy, or relationships or care.
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์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
Now, I didn't really understand that until I met this guy
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์ž, ์ „ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
who was then an 80-year-old, slightly shambolic man
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ 80์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์—‰๋ง์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:58
who lived on tomato soup and thought ironing was very overrated.
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ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์ˆ˜ํ”„๋งŒ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์งˆ์ด ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
He had helped shape Britain's post-war institutions,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ „ํ›„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‹œ์„ค, ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ
10:06
its welfare state, its economy,
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ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๊ณตํ—Œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
but had sort of reinvented himself as a social entrepreneur,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ถ”ํ›„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜
10:12
became an inventor of many, many different organizations.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Some famous ones like the Open University, which has 110,000 students,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด 110,000 ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ Open University๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:20
the University of the Third Age, which has nearly half a million older people
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University of the Third Age์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 50๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ๋…ธ๋ น์ž๋“ค์ด
10:23
teaching other older people,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ธ๋ น์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
as well as strange things like DIY garages and language lines
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๋ฌผ๋ก  DIY ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ํ†ต์—ญ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
10:30
and schools for social entrepreneurs.
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ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
And he ended his life selling companies to venture capitalists.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฝ์—… ํˆฌ์ž์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
He believed if you see a problem, you shouldn't tell someone to act,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
10:39
you should act on it yourself, and he lived long enough
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
10:41
and saw enough of his ideas first scorned and then succeed
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฉธ์‹œ๋‹นํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ค‘์—๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง๋…„์— ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
that he said you should always take no as a question and not as an answer.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
And his life was a systematic experiment to find better social answers,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
10:55
not from a theory, but from experiment, and experiment involving the people
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๋ก ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:00
with the best intelligence on social needs,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•„์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
11:02
which were usually the people living with those needs.
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์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‹คํ—˜์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And he believed we live with others, we share the world with others
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:07
and therefore our innovation must be done with others too,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
11:11
not doing things at people, for them, and so on.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Now, what he did didn't used to have a name,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜
11:19
but I think it's rapidly becoming quite mainstream.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
It's what we do in the organization named after him
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ด ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ
11:25
where we try and invent, create, launch new ventures,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ถœ๋ฒ”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ ,
11:28
whether it's schools, web companies, health organizations and so on.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•™๊ต์ด๋˜์ง€, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ทํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ธ์ง€, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ฑ์ด๋˜์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And we find ourselves part of a very rapidly growing global movement
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์˜
11:36
of institutions working on social innovation,
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์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋ฉฐ,
11:39
using ideas from design or technology or community organizing
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด
11:43
to develop the germs of a future world, but through practice and through demonstration
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ƒˆ์‹น์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:48
and not through theory.
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์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
And they're spreading from Korea to Brazil to India to the USA
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ์ธ๋„, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€
11:54
and across Europe.
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ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
And they've been given new momentum by the crisis, by the need for better answers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ์‹ค์ง, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•„์š”์— ์˜ํ•ด
12:03
to joblessness, community breakdown and so on.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํ…€์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
Some of the ideas are strange.
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์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
These are complaints choirs.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆํ‰ ํ•ฉ์ฐฝ๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
People come together to sing about the things that really bug them.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:15
Others are much more pragmatic: health coaches, learning mentors, job clubs.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฝ”์น˜, ํ•™์Šต ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ตฌ์ง ํด๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:19
And some are quite structural, like social impact bonds
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
where you raise money to invest in diverting teenagers from crime
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์ด ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ธˆ๋œ ์ž๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ญ๋Œ€๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:26
or helping old people keep out of hospital,
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๋…ธ๋ น ์ธ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
12:28
and you get paid back according to how successful your projects are.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
Now, the idea that all of this represents,
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์ž, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด
12:36
I think, is rapidly becoming a common sense
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ƒ์‹์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:39
and part of how we respond to the crisis,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:41
recognizing the need to invest in innovation for social progress
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์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ง„๋ณด ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์—๋„
12:45
as well as technological progress.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
There were big health innovation funds
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ์—
12:50
launched earlier this year in this country,
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜์‹  ํŽ€๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:52
as well as a public service innovation lab.
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๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ˜์‹  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋„ ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Across northern Europe, many governments
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
12:56
now have innovation laboratories within them.
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์ด์ œ ํ˜์‹  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฒด ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
And just a few months ago, President Obama
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „, ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€
13:01
launched the Office of Social Innovation in the White House.
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๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜์‹  ๋ถ€์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์„คํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
And what people are beginning to ask is:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
13:06
Surely, just as we invest in R and D, two, three, four percent,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ GDP, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜
13:10
of our GDP, of our economy,
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2,3,4 ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
13:12
what if we put, let's say, one percent of public spending
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 1ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ
13:15
into social innovation, into elder care, new kinds of education,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜์‹ , ๋…ธ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ถ€์–‘, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ต์œก,
13:19
new ways of helping the disabled?
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์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ๋•๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
13:21
Perhaps we'd achieve similar productivity gains in society
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
13:25
to those we've had in the economy and in technology.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
And if, a generation or two ago, the big challenges
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋‘ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ „์—๋Š” ํฐ ๋„์ „์ด
13:31
were ones like getting a man on the moon,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:34
perhaps the challenges we need to set ourselves now
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
13:37
are ones like eliminating child malnutrition, stopping trafficking,
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์•„๋™์˜ ์˜์–‘ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ, ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ทผ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
13:42
or one, I think closer to home for America or Europe,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„
13:44
why don't we set ourselves the goal
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10์–ต๋…„์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:46
of achieving a billion extra years of life for today's citizens.
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์ฒด๊ฐ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
Now those are all goals which could be achieved within a decade,
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์„ 10๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
13:53
but only with radical and systematic experiment,
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๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:57
not just with technologies, but also with lifestyles and culture
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”,
14:01
and policies and institutions too.
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์ •์ฑ… ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
Now, I want to end by saying a little bit about what I think this means for capitalism.
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
I think what this is all about, this whole movement
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์›€์ง์ž„๋“ค์€
14:13
which is growing from the margins, remains quite small.
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๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์•„์ง์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
Nothing like the resources of a CERN or a DARPA or an IBM or a Dupont.
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CERN์ด๋‚˜ DARPA, IBM์ด๋‚˜ Dupont์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
14:20
What it's telling us is that capitalism is going to become more social.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
It's already immersed in social networks.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์†์— ๋…น์•„๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
It will become more involved in social investment, and social care
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณต์ง€์™€ ๋” ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
and in industries where the value comes from what you do with others,
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๋˜, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๋Š๋ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
14:35
not just from what you sell to them,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€๋„
14:38
and from relationships as well as from consumption.
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์—ฐ๊ด€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
But interestingly too, it implies a future where society learns a few tricks from capitalism
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ด๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:46
about how you embed the DNA of restless continual innovation
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํ™•๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์—
14:50
into society, trying things out and then growing and scaling the ones that work.
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
Now, I think this future will be quite surprising to many people.
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์ž, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
In recent years, a lot of intelligent people thought that capitalism had basically won.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„, ๋งŽ์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
History was over
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋์ด ๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
15:08
and society would inevitably have to take second place to economy.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„์—์„œ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
But I've been struck with a parallel in how people often talk about capitalism today
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
15:18
and how they talked about the monarchy 200 years ago,
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200๋…„ ์ „, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํ˜๋ช… ์งํ›„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•  ๋•Œ์—
15:21
just after the French Revolution and the restoration of the monarchy in France.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•จ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
Then, people said monarchy dominated everywhere
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๋‹น์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ
15:28
because it was rooted in human nature.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
We were naturally deferential. We needed hierarchy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์ข…์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
Just as today, the enthusiasts of unrestrained capitalism
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์— ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ด‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:37
say it's rooted in human nature,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์ด
15:39
only now it's individualism, inquisitiveness, and so on.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
Then monarchy had seen off its big challenger, mass democracy,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋„์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
which was seen as a well-intentioned but doomed experiment,
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์˜๋„๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
just as capitalism has seen off socialism.
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
Even Fidel Castro now says that the only thing worse
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ”ผ๋ธ ์นด์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
than being exploited by multinational capitalism
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๊ตญ์ œ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด์šฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:58
is not being exploited by multinational capitalism.
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๊ตญ์ œ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์— ์ด์šฉ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
And whereas then monarchies, palaces and forts dominated every city skyline
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ถ์ „๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณฝ์ด ์˜์›ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™•๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
16:07
and looked permanent and confident,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์Šค์นด์ด๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
16:09
today it's the gleaming towers of the banks which dominate every big city.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ชจ๋“  ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
I'm not suggesting the crowds are about to storm the barricades
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์ €๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ค‘๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ—ค์น˜๊ณ 
16:16
and string up every investment banker from the nearest lamppost,
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๋ชจ๋“  ํˆฌ์ž ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์ง์›์„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋“ฑ์— ๋ฌถ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
though that might be quite tempting.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ์ผ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
But I do think we're on the verge of a period when,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ตฐ๋ถ€์—๋„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋“ฏ์ด
16:25
just as happened to the monarchy and, interestingly, the military too,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธˆ์œต์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
16:29
the central position of finance capital is going to come to an end,
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์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
and it's going to steadily move to the sides, the margins of our society,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธˆ์œต์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
16:37
transformed from being a master into a servant,
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์ฃผ์ธ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š”
16:40
a servant to the productive economy and of human needs.
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ํ•˜์ธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
And as that happens,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
16:46
we will remember something very simple and obvious about capitalism,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
which is that, unlike what you read in economics textbooks,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
16:52
it's not a self-sufficient system.
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
It depends on other systems,
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„, ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ
16:57
on ecology, on family, on community,
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๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜์กด์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
17:00
and if these aren't replenished, capitalism suffers too.
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์ด๋“ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์ถฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
And our human nature isn't just selfish, it's also compassionate.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์€ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜จ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ 
17:09
It's not just competitive, it's also caring.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
Because of the depth of the crisis, I think we are at a moment of choice.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
The crisis is almost certainly deepening around us.
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์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™•์‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
17:22
It will be worse at the end of this year,
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์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
quite possibly worse in a year's time than it is today.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ ๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
But this is one of those very rare moments
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
when we have to choose whether we're just pedaling furiously
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„
17:33
to get back to where we were a year or two ago,
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์ผ๋…„ ํ˜น์€ ์ด๋…„ ์ „์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด ํŽ˜๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ 
17:36
and a very narrow idea of what the economy is for,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋˜์ง€
17:40
or whether this is a moment to jump ahead, to reboot
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ๋„์•ฝ๊ณผ ์žฌ์‹œ์ž‘์˜ ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœํ•˜์—ฌ
17:45
and to do some of the things we probably should have been doing anyway.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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