How flags unite (and divide) us | Michael Green

66,511 views ใƒป 2020-07-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dawon Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sojeong KIM
00:13
In 1989,
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1989๋…„
00:14
an artist by the name of Dread Scott,
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TED ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—๋„ ์„ฐ๋˜
00:17
who has also graced the TED stage,
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๋“œ๋ ˆ๋“œ ์Šค์ฝง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
00:20
created a piece of art in Chicago,
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
where he simply placed an American flag on the ground
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋†“๊ณ 
00:26
and then invited you the viewer to go and stand on that flag
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๊ฐ์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ์„  ํ›„
๋Š๋‚€ ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
and record how it felt in a journal.
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00:34
And to me, one of the most powerful things written in that journal, in essence, says,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์†Œ๊ฐ์€
00:38
"Why are we so OK
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โ€œ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
00:40
with homeless people,
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00:42
with human beings laying on the ground,
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00:45
but not flags?"
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ˆ„์šด ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?
00:48
And to some of you, this piece of art is quite disturbing.
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
And that's kind of the point of this talk --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ง€์ ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
not to upset you or to make you mad
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:58
but to prove to you that flags have an incredible power,
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํž˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
and that even if you think you don't care about flags, you do.
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์— ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
You know you do.
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01:08
Alright.
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๋ง‰๋ฐ”์ง€์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
01:09
By the end of it, I hope that you're inspired
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01:11
to go out and harness this power of flags and fight for a better world.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์˜ ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
But before we get there,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์ „์—,
01:16
we're going to start on the opposite end of the spectrum.
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์šฐ์„  ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:20
And before I show you the next stuff, I need to say that anything I show here
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์ง„ํ–‰์— ์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์„
01:24
is not an endorsement,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
it's usually quite the opposite.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
01:27
But more than anything, what I want to do is create a space here
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:31
where we can look at these flags, these designs,
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ 
01:34
and examine how they make us feel.
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
We're going to talk about our emotions.
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๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
01:39
Is that OK with everybody?
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์‹ค๊นŒ์š”?
01:41
OK.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Are you ready for your first flag?
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ๋งž์ดํ•  ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:46
Cool, we'll start with an easy one.
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์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:48
That was a joke. (Laughs)
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๋†๋‹ด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:51
So, some of you may be a little bit uneasy sitting in a room with this.
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
I'm certainly feeling uneasy standing in front of it.
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์•ž์— ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
01:59
Some of you may be feeling a little bit of pride.
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์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
And that's understandable. This is Texas. This is not a rare sight, is it?
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ด€๊ณ„ ํ™•์ธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:07
But let's start with the facts.
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02:09
So this is not the Confederate flag. OK?
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
This is the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia
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์ด๊ฑด ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด ์ด๋ˆ
02:16
led by General Robert E. Lee.
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๋ถ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ตฐ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ์ „ํˆฌ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
So next time someone tells you that this is their heritage,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:22
unless their family fought for that very specific militia,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋ถ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„๊ตฐ ์†Œ์†์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์ƒ
02:25
they're wrong, alright?
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:26
And you have a flag expert's permission to tell them so.
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
This flag rose into prominence during the mid-1950s and '60s
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์ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์€ 1950๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜~60๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์šด๋™์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:34
as a response to the growing Civil Rights Movement.
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์œ ๋ช…์„ธ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
And then of course today,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„
02:39
it has come to represent the Confederacy to most of us.
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๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
But I shouldn't have to remind you what the Confederacy is.
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๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตณ์ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:48
It was a rogue nation
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๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
that rose up against the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:52
waged war on the US,
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์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
and at one point in time,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:56
this was one of the most un-American things you could have.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋„์—ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:00
But yet, this flag is protected
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์€ ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”
03:03
by the same laws that protect the United States flag
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฒ• ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
in the states of Florida, Georgia,
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค, ์กฐ์ง€์•„
03:09
South Carolina, Mississippi and Louisiana.
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์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜, ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ์š”.
03:13
But let's pick on Georgia for a second, shall we?
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์กฐ์ง€์•„ ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:16
So in 1956,
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1956๋…„,
03:18
a few years after desegregation was mandated in public schools,
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๊ณต๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ํ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด ํ๋ฅธ ํ›„,
03:22
Georgia changed their state flag to this.
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์กฐ์ง€์•„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
I think everyone watching can agree
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์กฐ์ง€์•„์ฃผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ
03:29
that this was not meant to be a flag that every Georgian was proud to fly
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๊ฒŒ์–‘ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
outside of their home, was it?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
03:35
No.
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๋„ค.
03:37
Just like all of the Confederate statues erected in the mid-1950s and '60s,
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1950๋…„ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 60๋…„๋Œ€์— ์„ธ์›Œ์ง„ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐํ•ฉ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
03:41
this was meant to be a symbol of who was in charge
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๋‹น์‹œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:45
and who was not.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์—†๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
This remained the flag of Georgia
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์ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์€ ์กฐ์ง€์ž์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
until the year 2001,
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2001๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
03:52
and in that year, they changed their flag
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๊ทธ ํ•ด ์กฐ์ง€์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
to this.
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ์š”.
03:57
Now, as a flag expert, I can tell you: this is officially ugly.
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์€ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ด๋„ค์š”.
04:01
OK? It's OK to laugh at this flag.
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์ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋น„์›ƒ์œผ์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
It's ugly, and because it's so ugly,
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์ •๋ง ์ถ”ํ•˜์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ์ธ์ง€ 2๋…„ ๋’ค ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
that's one of the reasons they changed it just two years later.
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04:08
They had a referendum
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ
04:10
where they got to choose between that thing
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์ € ์ถ”ํ•œ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ๊ณผ
04:12
and then what is now the current flag of Georgia.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์กฐ์ง€์•„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๊ฒฐ์— ๋ถ€์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Now some of you might be wondering,
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์ด์ฏค ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
"Wait a second, Michael --
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"์ž ๊น, ๋งˆ์ดํด,
04:19
if that before wasn't the Confederate flag,
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
04:21
what was the Confederate flag?"
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?"
04:26
Georgia flies the first flag of the Confederate States of America
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์กฐ์ง€์•„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐ๋งน ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ฒŒ์–‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:30
to this day.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒŒ์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:32
They just slapped their state seal on it.
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๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐ๋งน ๊นƒ๋ฐœ ๋ฌธ์–‘์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Well, let's go back to our emotions for a second.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž ๊น ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:37
That didn't punch you in the gut as much as the other one did, did it?
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์ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Right?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
04:43
And that's why I love flags.
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์ด๋ž˜์„œ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์ฃ .
04:46
They are the simplest pieces of design,
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
usually just two or three colors,
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋‘์„ธ ๊ฐœ ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ 
04:51
just some bars or stripes.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋‚˜ ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
But yet, they can invoke the deepest emotions within us.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
They'll make us swell with pride
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์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ๋ถ€ํ’€๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:00
or burn with hatred.
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ํƒ€์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฆ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
We will die for a flag
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:05
or even kill for one.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:08
One of my favorite designers, his name is Wally Olins,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ธ ์›”๋ฆฌ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ์Šค,
05:11
they call him the father of nation branding,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋”ฉ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:14
and he's quoted as saying
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
that "Everyone wants to belong,
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์†Œ์†๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•œ๋‹ค.
05:19
and then they want to display symbols of belonging."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†Œ์†์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค."
05:23
And it's crazy that these pieces of cloth that are just sewn together or dyed
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๋ฐ”๋Š์งˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์ธ ์ฒœ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„
05:27
come to be such a sacred item,
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์‹ ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์ฐธ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
and that's because they become parts of our identity.
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:34
They are powerful tools to unify
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹จํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:38
but equally powerful tools to divide.
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
You ready for the next flag?
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ๊นŒ์š”?
05:45
Right.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
05:46
Take a moment.
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ
05:48
Really examine how you felt when this hit the screen.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ์ •์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:52
I'm going to change the slide pretty quickly
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค์Œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋กœ ๋„˜๊ธธ๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:54
so you don't take pictures of me in front of this one.
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์ด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ ์•ž์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
05:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:58
Alright?
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:59
So Germany after World War I,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ 1์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ๋…์ผ์€
06:02
it was in a pretty bad state,
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
and a young Adolf Hitler had a lot of -- let's call them -- "ideas,"
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์ Š์€ ์•„๋Œํ”„ ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” "์•„์ด๋””์–ด"๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
of how Germany got to where they'd gotten
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๋…์ผ์ด ์™œ ํŒจ์ „์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:12
and how to get them out.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:13
He spent entire chapters in his book "Mein Kampf,"
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
06:17
which I don't recommend reading,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ž์„œ์ „ โ€œ๋‚˜์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿโ€์—์„œ ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๋Š”
06:18
about how Germany lost World War I
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๋…์ผ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ 1์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „์—์„œ ํŒจ์ „ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
partially because the British had better graphic design
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ
06:24
and better propaganda.
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์„ ์ „ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
So, as the Nazi Party rose,
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๋‚˜์น˜๋‹น์ด ๋“์„ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
06:29
Hitler created one of the thickest brand guides I've ever seen.
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ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ฃ .
06:33
It's thicker than most company brand guides today,
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์›ฌ๋งŒํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‘๊ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
and in it, he details titles and uniforms
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์นญํ˜ธ์™€ ์ œ๋ณต,
06:39
and lots and lots of flags.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์„ธํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:42
Hitler knew the power of flags.
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ํžˆํ‹€๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์˜ ํž˜์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
He says in "Mein Kampf,"
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๊ทธ๋Š” "๋‚˜์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿ"์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
"The new flag ... should prove effective as a large poster,
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"์ƒˆ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์— ์ค€ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ž…์ฆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
06:49
[because] in hundreds of thousands of cases
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:51
a really striking emblem may be the first cause
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์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์–ป๊ณ 
06:54
of awakening interest in a movement."
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์ด ์ƒ์ง•์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šด๋™์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ช…๋ถ„์ด ๋œ๋‹ค."
06:58
He was an artist, after all.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
He knew the power of visual identity and uniforms
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ œ๋ณต์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ
07:04
could reignite the German identity.
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๋…์ผ์ธ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์žฌ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
And to millions of Germans, this was a welcome sign.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๋…์ผ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
But of course, this was also a mark of death to others.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ด ์ „๋žต์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ํ‘œ์‹์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:16
We don't often think of flags as weapons,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
07:21
but like the Confederate battle flag,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์™€
07:23
the Germans used their flag
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๋…์ผ ๋‚˜์น˜๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š”
07:25
to make an out-group feel unwelcome
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ 
07:28
and less than.
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์ดˆ๋ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
You see, when you create a flag, you immediately do two things:
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
you create an in-group,
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๊ทธ ์ƒ์ง•์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š”
07:35
a group that's meant to be represented by the symbol,
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๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
07:38
but then, inevitably, you create an out-group.
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
And usually, that's subtle.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ,
07:42
It's a byproduct.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ 
07:43
It's usually not the intent.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์˜๋„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
But the Germans were very clear as to who was represented by the swastika
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋…์ผ์€ ์Šค์™€์Šคํ‹ฐ์นด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:49
and who was not.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
In 1935, Jewish people were banned from flying German flags.
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1935๋…„, ๋…์ผ์€ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋…์ผ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ ๊ฒŒ์–‘์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:58
And in this way,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:59
the Germans, maybe more than any other time in history,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ
08:03
used the dual power of flags
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๋…์ผ์€ ๊นƒ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ด์ค‘์„ฑ,
08:05
to unite but also to divide.
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๋‹จ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:09
Flags were used as identity weapons.
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
And now, in 2019, the Nazi flag is banned from being flown
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2019๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
๋‚˜์น˜๋‹น๊ธฐ ๊ฒŒ์–‘์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
by anyone in Germany
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08:18
and anyone in Austria, in Hungary, in Russia and in Ukraine.
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์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„, ํ—๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
08:23
Think about that.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
๊ทธ์ € ์ฒœ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์กŒ์ฃ .
08:24
It's a piece of cloth, but it's banned.
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08:27
On its face, that sounds crazy.
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์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ .
08:29
But I don't think anyone in this room would disagree
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—
08:32
that it's probably good.
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๊ทธ ์กฐ์น˜์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•  ๋ถ„์€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Sounds a lot like a weapon.
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:38
As a vexillologist,
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๊ธฐํ•™์ž ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
08:39
sometimes the most interesting thing about a flag
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ ์€
08:42
is not so much its design,
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๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
but it's those laws around the flag.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ฃ .
08:48
For instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
08:49
in India, to create an Indian flag,
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ
08:53
you must use a hand-spun cloth named "khadi."
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ง  ์ฒœ์ธ "์นด๋””"๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
If you make a flag out of anything else,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด
08:59
you could go to jail for up to three years.
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์ตœ๊ณ  3๋…„ ํ˜•์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
It's crazy.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ .
09:04
Here in Texas,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”
09:06
we've all heard
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ฏค ๋‹ค ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค์„ ํ…๋ฐ์š”,
09:08
that the Texas flag is the only state flag that can fly at the same height
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†’์ด์— ๊ฒŒ์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
09:11
as the US, flag, right?
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
Because we were a nation before we were a state.
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ฃผ์ด๊ธฐ ์ด ์ „์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:15
Who here has heard that?
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๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„?
09:17
Yeah.
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๋„ค.
09:18
Well, I'm here to tell you that is completely false. OK?
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
First of all, we were not the only state that was a nation before joining up.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ „ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And secondly, all state flags can fly at the same height as the US flag
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†’์ด๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
according to the US flag code.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:34
And I don't have to ask you how you feel about this one, right?
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์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋“œ์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ตณ์ด ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
Most of us grew up pledging allegiance to this every morning,
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์นจ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋งน์„ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ž์ฃ .
09:40
knowing we should never let it touch the ground, etc.
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์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋•…์— ๋‹ฟ์•„์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
09:43
We take our flag code very seriously here in the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์—„์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
You remember, recently some NFL players kneeling during the national anthem.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ผ๋ถ€ NFL ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๊ฟ‡์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
It was a big controversy.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:54
They were breaking the flag code.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
It states during the national anthem,
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ฐฝ ์ค‘์—๋Š”
09:58
stand at attention, hand at the heart, etc.
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†์€ ๊ฐ€์Šด ์œ„์— ์–น์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
But what was fascinating to me as a vexillologist
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐํ•™์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ๋˜ ์ ์€
10:04
is that I didn't see anyone getting upset
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:07
when something like this happens.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํ™”๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:09
The flag code says, "The flag should never be carried flat or horizontally,
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, "ํ‰์ง€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ณ 
10:13
but always aloft and free."
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ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋†’์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค."
10:15
So sometimes during the exact same national anthem,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ์ค‘
10:18
this was being done, and no one's upset.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ์—ฐ์ถœ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™”๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์ฃ .
10:21
Or this. This happens all the time.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ฃ .
10:23
The flag code is clear:
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
"No part of the flag should ever be used as a costume or on an athletic uniform."
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"๊ตญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์˜์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์šด๋™๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค."
10:30
This is Texas A&M baseball,
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ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค A&M ์•ผ๊ตฌํŒ€์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
not to get them in trouble, but this happens all the time,
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๋‚œ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์˜๋„๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๋‹จ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
10:35
especially in November.
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ํŠนํžˆ 11์›”์—์š”.
10:37
I'm sure, I can almost guarantee when you leave here tonight,
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฉด
10:40
you will see on the back of someone's car or truck
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๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฐจ๋‚˜ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š”
10:42
a black and white American flag with a blue stripe,
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ํ‘๋ฐฑ ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
a thin blue line, right?
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๋งž์ฃ ?
10:46
Blue Lives Matter.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
10:49
That breaks the flag code in multiple ways.
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:51
But all of these things are done with the best intent.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ข‹์€ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:54
No one's here to argue that.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
10:57
But of course they break a section of the flag code
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:59
titled "Respect for the Flag,"
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"๊ตญ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด์ค‘"์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
so by putting this on your uniform,
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๋ณต์— ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:03
you are legally disrespecting the flag.
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๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
And what I find interesting
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:10
is that those NFL players kneeling during the anthem
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ์ค‘ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๊ฟ‡๋Š” NFL ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ
11:12
and the people who would put Blue Lives Matters stickers on their car
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"๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€์˜ ์‚ถ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค" ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์— ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
11:16
are both on the opposite end of a very big issue,
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
11:19
but they're both breaking the exact same law,
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
a law that is 100 percent unenforceable.
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์ด ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋ ฅ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
In fact, it was Dread Scott's piece of art in 1989
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 1989๋…„ ๋“œ๋ ˆ๋“œ ์Šค์ฝง์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ
11:33
that led the Supreme Court to rule that the flag code is just a guideline.
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๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์€ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง€์นจ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
You cannot be prosecuted for breaking the flag code.
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์ฆ‰, ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๊ธด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๋ฐ›์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
You cannot be forced to be patriotic.
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์• ๊ตญ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ต์••๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ ์š”.
11:44
So why, then, have all of these little laws around how we use our flag
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๊ฐ•์ œ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
๊ตญ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
11:49
if you can't enforce them?
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11:51
And that's because a nation
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ž€
11:55
is a fragile collective idea.
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๋งค์šฐ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:57
It only exists in our minds.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์†์—์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
12:00
Can I see this? Thank you.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์ข€ ๋ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
Sometimes a flag is the only tangible symbol of that idea.
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๋•Œ๋ก  ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ํ‘œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
Right? Our unity is sometimes only held together by literal threads.
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๋‹จํ•ฉ์€ ๋•Œ๋กœ ์˜ค์ง ์–ธ์–ด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ผœ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And that's powerful.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜์ฃ .
12:18
The flag code is meant to preserve and protect that fragile idea,
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทธ ํ—ˆ์ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ณด์กด ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:22
while also protecting your right to break it.
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
And that's what's special about the United States, right?
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์ด ์ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
And that's what's unique about our flag.
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์ด ์ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
12:31
Our flag is amazing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
It has changed more than any other flag in the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
It's the flag code that says when a new state is created,
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜๋ฉด
12:40
a star shall be added to the union of the flag,
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์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณ„ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
and such addition shall take place on the fourth day of July.
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๊ทธ ๋ณ„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์€ 7์›” 4์ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
Our flag is unique because it is meant to grow as we grow.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๋•Œ ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
By design and by law,
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์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์€
12:55
it is meant to change with us.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
It's a living symbol of our individuality,
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์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:00
our diversity in the stars
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๋ณ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ
13:02
and our unity.
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ํ™”ํ•ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
We have a gift in the United States to have a flag that is inclusive.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ถ•๋ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
If the Nazi flag was an identity weapon,
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๋‚˜์น˜๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:13
the United States flag, by design alone, stands in direct contrast.
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์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ๋งŒ ๋ด๋„ ๋‚˜์น˜๋‹น๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ™์ ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
And I have to say, as a vexillologist in 2019,
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2019๋…„์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ž๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
13:22
using this flag
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
13:24
as an identity weapon against anyone
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:27
disrespects it far more than letting it touch the ground
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋•…์— ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ๋ฅผ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
13:30
or any one of the other little laws that we break every day.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
Right?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
13:38
This flag is a symbol of our unity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
We should never use this as a weapon against someone else.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
I resonate so deeply with the person who wrote in Dread Scott's journal,
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๋“œ๋ ˆ๋“œ ์Šค์ฝง ์ผ์ง€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
"We should never value the symbol over the thing that it symbolizes.
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"์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
13:54
We should never value a piece of cloth over a human life."
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์ฒœ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”์‹œ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค."
14:00
And if you're ever going to use a piece of cloth as a weapon,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฒœ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
14:02
you should never use this one,
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋งŒ์€ ์ฐธ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
14:04
not when it has always had room for more stars.
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ„์„ ๋‹ด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
Hopefully by now, you've felt the power of flags,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
14:12
and you can see what they can do.
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๊ตญ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
So what if we harnessed that power,
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๊ทธ ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
14:17
and we used it to fight for something greater?
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๋” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ์— ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
14:22
This is the flag of Earth,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
designed by Oskar Pernefeldt of Sweden.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์˜ค์Šค์นด ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋„คํŽ ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
Just imagine with me for a second:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
14:32
What if we celebrated our humanity
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„
14:35
as much if not more
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๋”๋„ ๋ง๊ณ 
14:37
than we celebrate our nationalities?
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๊ตญ์ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
14:40
As we become a spacefaring civilization and we go off into the stars,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋น„๊ณ  ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
what do our nations mean anyway
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ™”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋ฐœ์„ ๋””๋”œ ๋•Œ
14:47
when you're standing on the surface of Mars or any other planet?
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๊ตญ์ ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:51
And then of course, back here on Earth,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
14:54
as our planet is facing a climate crisis,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:57
as our climate could be unlivable in our children or grandchildren's lifetime,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋„์ €ํžˆ ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:02
I believe we need a strong symbol, a flag,
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ƒ์ง•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
to unite us to fight,
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จํ•ฉํ•  ํž˜์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
not just as nations,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:10
but as a species.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ข…์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
15:13
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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