Why theater is essential to democracy | Oskar Eustis

93,089 views ใƒป 2018-06-25

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ju Hye Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Theater matters because democracy matters.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ทน์žฅ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Theater is the essential art form of democracy,
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์—ฐ๊ทน์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
and we know this because they were born in the same city.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
In the late 6th century BC,
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 6์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜
00:28
the idea of Western democracy was born.
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์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
It was, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:31
a very partial and flawed democracy,
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00:34
but the idea that power should stem from the consent of the governed,
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€ ํ”ผ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ธต์˜ ๋™์˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์™€์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
00:39
that power should flow from below to above,
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€ ์œ„์—์„œ ์•„๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์œ„๋กœ
00:42
not the other way around,
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ํ˜๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
00:44
was born in that decade.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
And in that same decade, somebody -- legend has it, somebody named Thespis --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ํ•ด๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ํ…Œ์Šคํ”ผ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
00:51
invented the idea of dialogue.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
What does that mean, to invent dialogue?
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:55
Well, we know that the Festival of Dionysus gathered
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๋””์˜ค๋‹ˆ์†Œ์Šค ์ถ•์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฉด
00:57
the entire citizenry of Athens
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์•„ํฌ๋กœํด๋ฆฌ์Šค ํ•œ ์ผ ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ
00:59
on the side of the Acropolis,
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01:01
and they would listen to music, they would watch dancing,
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์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ์ถค์„ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
01:04
and they would have stories told as part of the Festival of Dionysus.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
And storytelling is much like what's happening right now:
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์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ ํ…”๋ง์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ณ„๋ฐ˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
I'm standing up here,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„œ์„œ
01:12
the unitary authority,
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ํ˜ผ์ž ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
01:14
and I am talking to you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:16
And you are sitting back, and you are receiving what I have to say.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
And you may disagree with it, you may think I'm an insufferable fool,
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์ œ ๋ง์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชป ๊ฒฌ๋””๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:23
you may be bored to death,
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์ง€๋ฃจํ•ด ์ฃฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:24
but that dialogue is mostly taking place inside your own head.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋‹ด์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
But what happens if, instead of me talking to you --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
01:32
and Thespis thought of this --
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ํ…Œ์Šคํ”ผ์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
I just shift 90 degrees to the left,
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๋ชธ์„ ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 90๋„ ํ‹€์–ด์„œ
01:37
and I talk to another person onstage with me?
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๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
01:41
Everything changes,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:43
because at that moment, I'm not the possessor of truth;
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ œ ๋ง์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ง„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:47
I'm a guy with an opinion.
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์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:50
And I'm talking to somebody else.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
01:51
And you know what?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
01:53
That other person has an opinion too,
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ๋„ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:55
and it's drama, remember, conflict -- they disagree with me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ํฌ๊ณก์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์™€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
01:59
There's a conflict between two points of view.
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๋‘ ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
And the thesis of that is that the truth can only emerge
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋…ผ์ง€๋Š” ์ง„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์†์—์„œ๋งŒ
02:08
in the conflict of different points of view.
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ํƒ„์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
It's not the possession of any one person.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
02:13
And if you believe in democracy, you have to believe that.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
If you don't believe that, you're an autocrat
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์•„์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
02:20
who is putting up with democracy.
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๋…์žฌ์ž์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
But that's the basic thesis of democracy,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ €๊ฒŒ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ช…์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:25
that the conflict of different points of views leads to the truth.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง„์‹ค๋กœ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
02:28
What's the other thing that's happening?
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๋˜ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:30
I'm not asking you to sit back and listen to me.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:33
I'm asking you to lean forward
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๋ชธ์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์„œ
02:35
and imagine my point of view --
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์ œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
what this looks like and feels like to me as a character.
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์ €๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์‹œ์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–จ์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
02:42
And then I'm asking you to switch your mind
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์„œ
02:45
and imagine what it feels like to the other person talking.
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ผ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:49
I'm asking you to exercise empathy.
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๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:52
And the idea that truth comes from the collision of different ideas
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์ง„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ
02:56
and the emotional muscle of empathy
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๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
02:59
are the necessary tools for democratic citizenship.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
What else happens?
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๋˜ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:05
The third thing really is you,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
is the community itself, is the audience.
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ, ์ฒญ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And you know from personal experience that when you go to the movies,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ํ™”๊ด€์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
03:15
you walk into a movie theater, and if it's empty, you're delighted,
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๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์˜๊ด€์ด ๋น„์–ด์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
because nothing's going to be between you and the movie.
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์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:21
You can spread out, put your legs over the top of the stadium seats,
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฉ ๋ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ž์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“๊ณ 
03:24
eat your popcorn and just enjoy it.
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ํŒ์ฝ˜์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:26
But if you walk into a live theater
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
03:28
and you see that the theater is half full,
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๊ทน์žฅ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ์ฐจ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:30
your heart sinks.
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๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์ฒ ๋ ํ•ด์š”.
03:32
You're disappointed immediately,
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๊ทธ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์‹ค๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
because whether you knew it or not,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“ 
03:36
you were coming to that theater
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์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทน์žฅ์— ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
to be part of an audience.
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03:40
You were coming to have the collective experience
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์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ทน์žฅ์— ์™”๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:43
of laughing together, crying together, holding your breath together
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๊ฐ™์ด ์›ƒ๊ณ , ๊ฐ™์ด ์šธ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€
03:46
to see what's going to happen next.
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๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆจ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:48
You may have walked into that theater as an individual consumer,
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๊ทน์žฅ์—๋Š” 1์ธ ๊ด€๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
03:53
but if the theater does its job,
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๊ทน์žฅ์ด ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋ฉด
03:55
you've walked out with a sense of yourself as part of a whole,
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์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ผ์›์ด ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์•ˆ๊ณ 
03:59
as part of a community.
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๊ทน์žฅ์„ ๋‚˜์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
That's built into the DNA of my art form.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ DNA์— ๊ฐ์ธ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Twenty-five hundred years later, Joe Papp decided
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250๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์กฐ ํŒŒํ”„๊ฐ€
04:11
that the culture should belong to everybody in the United States of America,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
and that it was his job to try to deliver on that promise.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:19
He created Free Shakespeare in the Park.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:21
And Free Shakespeare in the Park is based on a very simple idea,
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์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ํŒŒํฌ์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:25
the idea that the best theater, the best art that we can produce,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน๊ณผ ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€
04:29
should go to everybody and belong to everybody,
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๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:32
and to this day,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„
04:34
every summer night in Central Park,
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์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ํŒŒํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—
04:36
2,000 people are lining up
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:39
to see the best theater we can provide for free.
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2์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ค„์„ ์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
It's not a commercial transaction.
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์ƒ์—…์  ๋ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
04:45
In 1967, 13 years after he figured that out,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ 13๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 1967๋…„์—
04:50
he figured out something else,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:51
which is that the democratic circle was not complete
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๊ณ ์ „ ๋ช…์ž‘์„ ์ƒ์˜ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
04:55
by just giving the people the classics.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:58
We had to actually let the people create their own classics
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋ช…์ž‘์„ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:02
and take the stage.
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05:03
And so in 1967,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1967๋…„์—
05:06
Joe opened the Public Theater downtown on Astor Place,
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์กฐ๋Š” ์• ์Šคํ„ฐ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์— ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆญ ์‹œ์–ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:09
and the first show he ever produced was the world premiere of "Hair."
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ณต์—ฐ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ดˆ์—ฐ๋œ "ํ—ค์–ด"์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
That's the first thing he ever did that wasn't Shakespeare.
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์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ์ƒ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:16
Clive Barnes in The Times said that it was as if Mr. Papp took a broom
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๋” ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ ์ง€์˜ ํด๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๋ฐ˜์Šค๋Š” ํŒŒํ”„ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋น—์ž๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
05:19
and swept up all the refuse from the East Village streets
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๋™์ชฝ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์†Œ์™ธ๋‹นํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๋ฆฝ๊ทน์žฅ์œผ๋กœ
05:22
onto the stage at the Public.
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์“ธ์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:26
He didn't mean it complimentarily,
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์นญ์ฐฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:28
but Joe put it up in the lobby, he was so proud of it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŒํ”„๋Š” ๋กœ๋น„์— ์ด ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋†“๊ณ  ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
05:31
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:33
And what the Public Theater did over the next years with amazing shows like
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๊ทธ ํ›„ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํผ๋ธ”๋ฆญ ์”จ์–ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
"For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When the Rainbow Is Enuf,"
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"๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐœ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์‚ด์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ํ‘์ธ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค"
05:41
"A Chorus Line,"
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"์ฝ”๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ผ์ธ"
05:43
and -- here's the most extraordinary example I can think of:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€
05:47
Larry Kramer's savage cry of rage about the AIDS crisis,
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๋ž˜๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ด๋จธ๊ฐ€ ์—์ด์ฆˆ ์‚ฌํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋…ธ์˜ ์ ˆ๊ทœ๋ฅผ ๋งน๋ ฌํžˆ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰์€
05:53
"The Normal Heart."
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"๋…ธ๋ฉ€ ํ•˜ํŠธ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
Because when Joe produced that play in 1985,
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ํŒŒํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ 1985๋…„๋„์—
05:58
there was more information about AIDS
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ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์š• ํƒ€์ž„์Šค ์ง€์—
06:02
in Frank Rich's review in the New York Times
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์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ์—์ด์ฆˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
06:05
than the New York Times had published in the previous four years.
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์ง€๋‚œ 4๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๋‰ด์š• ํƒ€์ž„์Šค ์ง€์— ์‹ค๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:08
Larry was actually changing the dialogue about AIDS
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๋ž˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํŒŒํ”„๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:13
through writing this play,
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์—์ด์ฆˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋’ค๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:14
and Joe was by producing it.
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06:15
I was blessed to commission and work on Tony Kushner's "Angels in America,"
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ† ๋‹ˆ ์ปค์‰ฌ๋„ˆ์˜ "์—”์ ค์Šค ์ธ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด"๋ฅผ ๋งก์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
and when doing that play and along with "Normal Heart,"
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๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ "๋…ธ๋ฉ€ ํ•˜ํŠธ"์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
06:24
we could see that the culture was actually shifting,
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๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์‹ค๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
and it wasn't caused by the theater,
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๊ทน์žฅ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:29
but the theater was doing its part
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฒŒ์ด๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทน์žฅ์ด ์ผ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
to change what it meant to be gay in the United States.
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06:36
And I'm incredibly proud of that.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ •๋ง ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Š๊ปด์š”.
06:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:40
When I took over Joe's old job at the Public in 2005,
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2005๋…„์— ํŒŒํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋˜ ์ผ์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
06:45
I realized one of the problems we had was a victim of our own success,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธด ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:49
which is: Shakespeare in the Park had been founded as a program for access,
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๊ณต์›์—์„œ์˜ ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ทน์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:54
and it was now the hardest ticket to get in New York City.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์—ฐ๊ทน์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
People slept out for two nights to get those tickets.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดํ‹€์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ˆ™ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:01
What was that doing?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”์š”?
07:02
That was eliminating 98 percent of the population
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 98%๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:05
from even considering going to it.
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07:07
So we refounded the mobile unit
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋™ ๊ทน์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
07:09
and took Shakespeare to prisons, to homeless shelters,
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์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ˆ™์ž ์‰ผํ„ฐ๋กœ
07:12
to community centers in all five boroughs
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5๊ฐœ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์„ผํ„ฐ์™€
07:15
and even in New Jersey and Westchester County.
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๋‰ด์ €์ง€์™€ ์›จ์ŠคํŠธ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
And that program proved something to us that we knew intuitively:
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Š๊ปด์™”๋˜ ๊ฑธ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:22
people's need for theater is as powerful as their desire for food
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทน์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋ง์€ ์Œ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋ง๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜
07:26
or for drink.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:28
It's been an extraordinary success, and we've continued it.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•„์ง๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
And then there was yet another barrier that we realized we weren't crossing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:35
which is a barrier of participation.
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์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:37
And the idea, we said, is:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ด๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
07:38
How can we turn theater from being a commodity, an object,
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์ƒํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ
07:43
back into what it really is --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
07:45
a set of relationships among people?
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07:48
And under the guidance of the amazing Lear deBessonet,
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๋งค์šฐ ์œ ๋Šฅํ•˜์‹  ๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋“œ๋ฐ”์†Œ๋„ค ์”จ์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜ ํ•˜์—
07:51
we started the Public Works program,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ต ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
which now every summer produces
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งค๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—
07:54
these immense Shakespearean musical pageants,
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ ๋Œ€ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
where Tony Award-winning actors and musicians
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ํ† ๋‹ˆ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
08:00
are side by side with nannies and domestic workers
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์œ ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ 
08:04
and military veterans and recently incarcerated prisoners,
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ํ‡ด์—ญ ๊ตฐ์ธ๊ณผ, ๋ง‰ ์ž…์†Œํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค,
08:08
amateurs and professionals,
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์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
08:09
performing together on the same stage.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
And it's not just a great social program,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๋‹จ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:14
it's the best art that we do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
And the thesis of it is that artistry is not something
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋…ผ์ง€๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์žฌ๋Šฅ์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ
08:20
that is the possession of a few.
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์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
Artistry is inherent in being a human being.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์žฌ๋Šฅ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฒœ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Some of us just get to spend a lot more of our lives practicing it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:31
And then occasionally --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋”
08:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:34
you get a miracle like "Hamilton,"
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๊ธฐ์ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ "ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด"๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Lin-Manuel's extraordinary retelling of the foundational story of this country
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๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ๋ˆ„์—˜์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฑด๊ตญ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์ค‘ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ์ธ๋„ ์ œ๋„ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜
08:42
through the eyes of the only Founding Father who was a bastard immigrant orphan
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์‚ฌ์ƒ์•„, ์ด๋ฏผ์ž์— ๊ณ ์•„์˜€๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ตญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
08:47
from the West Indies.
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๋“ค๋ ค์ค€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
And what Lin was doing
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๋ฆฐ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:50
is exactly what Shakespeare was doing.
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์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
He was taking the voice of the people, the language of the people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
08:57
elevating it into verse,
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์‹œ๋กœ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:00
and by doing so,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:01
ennobling the language
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๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆญ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
09:03
and ennobling the people who spoke the language.
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๊ทธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
And by casting that show entirely with a cast of black and brown people,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…๋งŒ ์บ์ŠคํŒ…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:11
what Lin was saying to us,
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๋ฆฐ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:14
he was reviving in us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:16
our greatest aspirations for the United States,
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ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์›๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ
09:20
our better angels of America,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
09:22
our sense of what this country could be,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์›Œ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
09:25
the inclusion that was at the heart of the American Dream.
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์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นธ ๋“œ๋ฆผ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํฌ์šฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
And it unleashed a wave of patriotism in me
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์ €์™€ ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค ์•ˆ์˜
09:33
and in our audience,
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์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ์„ ๊นจ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
the appetite for which is proving to be insatiable.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ์€ ๊บผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถˆํƒ€์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
But there was another side to that, and it's where I want to end,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
and it's the last story I want to talk about.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
Some of you may have heard that Vice President-elect Pence
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ํŽœ์Šค ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด "ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด"์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ
09:48
came to see "Hamilton" in New York.
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๋‰ด์š•์— ์™”์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:50
And when he came in, some of my fellow New Yorkers booed him.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™”์„ ๋•Œ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์•ผ์œ ๋ฅผ ํผ๋ถ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
And beautifully, he said,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
09:56
"That's what freedom sounds like."
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"์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์œ ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€."
09:59
And at the end of the show,
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์ปคํŠผ์ฝœ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ
10:01
we read what I feel was a very respectful statement from the stage,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ณต์†ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:04
and Vice President-elect Pence listened to it,
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ํŽœ์Šค ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น๋„ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
but it sparked a certain amount of outrage, a tweetstorm,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ , ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
10:11
and also an internet boycott of "Hamilton"
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒ์—์„œ "ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด" ๋ถˆ๋งค ์šด๋™๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
from outraged people who had felt we had treated him with disrespect.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ์š”.
10:20
I looked at that boycott and I said, we're getting something wrong here.
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์ด ๋ถˆ๋งค ์šด๋™์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋์–ด.
10:24
All of these people who have signed this boycott petition,
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์ด ๋ถˆ๋งค ์šด๋™์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
10:27
they were never going to see "Hamilton" anyway.
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์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ "ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด"์„ ํ‰์ƒ ๋ชป ๋ณผ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
10:30
It was never going to come to a city near them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๊ณต์—ฐ ์˜ฌ ์ผ์ด ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
10:32
If it could come, they couldn't afford a ticket,
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๊ณต์—ฐํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๋„, ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
10:35
and if they could afford a ticket, they didn't have the connections
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ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
10:38
to get that ticket.
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ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์—ฐ์ค„์ด ์—†์„๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
10:40
They weren't boycotting us;
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆด ๋ณด์ด์ฝงํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:43
we had boycotted them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์ด์ฝงํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
And if you look at the red and blue electoral map of the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋นจ๊ฐ›๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
10:50
and if I were to tell you,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
10:51
"Oh, the blue is what designates
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"ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธํ™” ์ž์„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์„
10:53
all of the major nonprofit cultural institutions,"
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค๋„
10:56
I'd be telling you the truth.
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๊ฑฐ์ง“์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
You'd believe me.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:59
We in the culture have done exactly what the economy,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™” ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€, ๊ต์œก ์ œ๋„,
11:04
what the educational system, what technology has done,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ง“์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
which is turn our back on a large part of the country.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์— ๋“ฑ๋Œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
So this idea of inclusion, it has to keep going.
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์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณ„์†๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Next fall, we are sending out on tour
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๋‚ด๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„์— ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ“ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜ ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ
11:18
a production of Lynn Nottage's brilliant, Pulitzer Prize-winning play "Sweat."
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๋ฆฐ ๋…ธํ‹ฐ์ง€์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ "๋•€"์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
Years of research in Redding, Pennsylvania led her to write this play
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๋ฆฐ์ด ์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ ˆ๋”ฉ์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์“ด
11:27
about the deindustrialization of Pennsylvania:
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ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณต๋™ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ทน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
what happened when steel left,
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์ฒ ๊ฐ• ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:33
the rage that was unleashed,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์žฅ์„ ์žƒ์ž
11:36
the tensions that were unleashed,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋…ธํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
11:37
the racism that was unleashed
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๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
11:40
by the loss of jobs.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
We're taking that play and we're touring it
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํˆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
to rural counties in Pennsylvania,
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ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„, ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค, ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„,
11:47
Ohio, Michigan,
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๋ฏธ๋„ค์†Œํƒ€์™€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ์˜
11:50
Minnesota and Wisconsin.
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์™ธ๋”ด ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:52
We're partnering with community organizations there to try and make sure
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์žก๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
11:56
not only that we reach the people that we're trying to reach,
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์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:00
but that we find ways to listen to them back
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ๊ฐ•๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
and say, "The culture is here for you, too."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”"
12:07
Because --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
12:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:11
we in the culture industry,
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๋ฌธํ™” ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
12:13
we in the theater,
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์—ฐ๊ทน ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:15
have no right to say that we don't know what our job is.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ด ๋ญ”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
12:19
It's in the DNA of our art form.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ DNA ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:21
Our job "... is to hold up, as 'twere, a mirror to nature;
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์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š”, "์ž์—ฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์šธ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ค.
12:26
to show scorn her image,
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์˜ณ์€ ๊ฑด ์˜ณ์€๋Œ€๋กœ
12:28
to show virtue her appearance,
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๊ทธ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ฅธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋น„์ถ”์–ด
12:32
and the very age its form and pressure."
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ."
12:35
Our job is to try to hold up a vision to America
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์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ƒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
that shows not only who all of us are individually,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
12:43
but that welds us back into the commonality that we need to be,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚จ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ƒ์„์š”.
12:48
the sense of unity,
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ํ™”ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
12:49
the sense of whole,
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
12:51
the sense of who we are as a country.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ์š”.
12:54
That's what the theater is supposed to do,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด์ด๊ณ 
12:57
and that's what we need to try to do as well as we can.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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