Rob Forbes: Ways of seeing

24,931 views ใƒป 2009-01-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: jeannie park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Joanne Jung Eun Choi
00:18
I was listed on the online biography
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ์—
00:21
that said I was a design missionary.
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๋””์ž์ธ ์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ผ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”
00:24
That's a bit lofty; I'm really more
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข€ ๊ณผํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ฐ™๊ตฌ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹จ ์ €๋Š”
00:26
of something like a street walker.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ–‰์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‘์ฃ 
00:28
I spend a lot of time in urban areas
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์ €๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„
00:30
looking for design,
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๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:32
and studying design in the public sector.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ณต ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์ฃ .
00:34
I take about 5,000 photographs a year,
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๋ณดํ†ต ํ•œํ•ด์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด 5000์žฅ์ธ๋ฐ,
00:37
and I thought that I would edit from these,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:40
and try to come up with some images
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:43
that might be appropriate and interesting to you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
00:45
And I used three criteria:
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3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:47
the first was, I thought I'd talk about
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์€
00:49
real design within reach,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ,
00:51
design that's free, not design not quite within reach,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
00:54
as we're fondly known by our competition and competitors,
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ.
00:57
but stuff that you can find on the streets, stuff that was free,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”,
01:01
stuff that was available to all people,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
and stuff that probably contains some other important messages.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
01:06
I'll use these sidewalks in Rio as an example.
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Rio์˜ ์ธ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
A very common public design done in the '50s.
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์ด๊ฑด 50๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์•„์ฃผ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋””์ž์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
It's got a nice kind of flowing, organic form,
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ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:15
very consistent with the Brazilian culture --
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋ฌธํ™”๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:18
I think good design adds to culture.
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์ €๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๊ณตํ—Œํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Wholly inconsistent with San Francisco or New York.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€ ์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”๋‚˜ ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ „ํ˜€ ์กฐํ™”๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:23
But I think these are my sort of information highways:
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
I live in much more of an analog world,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‚ ๋กœ๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:28
where pedestrian traffic and
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์Ÿ์•„์ง€๋Š” ํ–‰์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
01:30
interaction and diversity exchange,
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์ ‘์ด‰, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์˜ค๊ณ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ,
01:33
and where I think the simple things under our feet
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
01:35
have a great amount of meaning to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ฃ .
01:38
How did I get started in this business?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
01:40
I was a ceramic designer for about 10 years,
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์ €๋Š” 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋„์ž๊ธฐ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ ์˜€๊ตฌ์š”
01:42
and just loved utilitarian form --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ํ ๋ป‘ ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
simple things that we use every day,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
01:47
little compositions of color and surface on form.
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๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:50
This led me to starting a company called Design Within Reach,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ Design Within Reach ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:54
a company dealing with simple forms,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ ,
01:56
making good designers available to us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ,
01:58
and also selling the personalities and character of the designers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:01
as well, and it seems to have worked.
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:04
A couple of years into the process,
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์ €๋Š” 2๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„,
02:06
I spent a lot of time in Europe traveling around, looking for design.
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๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
And I had a bit of a wake-up call in Amsterdam:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜์ค‘ ์•”์Šคํ…”๋‹ด์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ค€ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
I was there going into the design stores,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋””์ž์ธ์ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:13
and mixing with our crowd of designers,
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์ €ํฌ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
02:15
and I recognized that a whole lot of stuff
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด
02:17
pretty much looked the same, and the effect of globalization
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”, ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด
02:19
has had that in our community also.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ปค๋ฎค๋„ˆํ‹ฐ์—๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
We know a lot about what's going on with design around the world,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋‹ˆ
02:24
and it's getting increasingly more difficult
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๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด
02:26
to find design that reflects a unique culture.
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๋” ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:29
I was walking around on the streets of Amsterdam
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•”์Šคํ…”๋‹ด์˜ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:31
and I recognized, you know, the big story
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์ •๋ง ํฐ๊ฒƒ์€,
02:33
from Amsterdam isn't what's in the design stores,
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๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:35
it's what's out on the streets,
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๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ–์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:37
and maybe it's self-explanatory,
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์„ค๋ช…์ด ํ•„์š”์—†๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:39
but a city that hasn't been taken over by modernism,
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:42
that's preserved its kind of architecture and character,
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๊ทธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:45
and where the bicycle plays an important part of the way
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:48
in which people get around and where pedestrian rights
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ํ–‰์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
02:50
are protected.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š”๊ณณ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:52
And I write a newsletter that goes out every week,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ ˆํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:54
and I wrote an article about this, and it got such enormous response
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ป๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:57
that I realized that design, that common design,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ,
02:59
that's in the public area means a lot to people,
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๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋””์ž์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ์š”.
03:02
and establishes kind of a groundwork and a dialog.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
I then kind of thought about the other cities
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹Œ
03:07
in Europe where I spend a lot of time looking for design,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:10
like Basel, where Vitra is located, or in northern Italy --
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Vitra๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ Basel์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ Italy์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
03:14
all cities where there are a whole lot of bicycles,
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค.
03:16
and where pedestrian areas -- and I came to the conclusion that perhaps
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค... ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ
03:20
there was something about these important design centers
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์ด๋“ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ž์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:23
that dealt with bicycles and foot traffic,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ†ตํ–‰๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”
03:25
and I'm sure the skeptic eye would say, no, the correlation there
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ์˜๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ค ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ป๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:27
is that there are universities and schools
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์™€ ํ•™๊ต๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ
03:29
where people can't afford cars,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”
03:31
but it did seem that in many of these areas
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์€
03:33
pedestrian traffic was protected.
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ํ–‰์ธ๋“ค์˜ ํ†ตํ–‰์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
You wouldn't look at this and call this a designer bike:
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์ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ ๋งํ•˜์‹ค ๋ถ„์€ ์—†์œผ์‹ค๊ป๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:40
a designer bike is made of titanium or molybdenum.
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๋‹ค์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํƒ€์ดํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์—„์™€ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ด์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”
03:42
But I began looking at design in a place like Amsterdam
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์•”์Šคํ…”๋‹ด๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
03:45
and recognized, you know, the first job of design
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๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ• ์ผ์€
03:47
is to serve a social purpose.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:49
And so I look at this bike as not being a designer bike,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
03:53
but being a very good example of design.
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๋‹ค์ž์ธ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์ฃ 
03:56
And since that time in Amsterdam, I spent an increasing amount of time
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์•”์Šคํ…”๋‹ด์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„
03:59
in the cities, looking at design
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ,
04:01
for common evidence of design
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๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:03
that really isn't under so much of a designer's signature.
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์˜ signature์— ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋””์ž์ธ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:06
I was in Buenos Aires very recently,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ถ€์—๋…ธ์Šค ์•„์ด๋ ˆ์Šค์—์„œ
04:08
and I went to see this bridge by Santiago Calatrava.
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Santiago Calatrava๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
He's a Spanish architect and designer.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์ด์ž ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์ฃ 
04:15
And the tourist brochures pointed me in the direction of this bridge --
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์—ฌํ–‰ ์ฑ…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
04:18
I love bridges, metaphorically and symbolically and structurally --
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์ „ ๋น„์œ ์ , ์ƒ์ง•์ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:21
and it was a bit of a disappointment,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ง๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”
04:23
because of the sludge from the river was encrusted on it; it really wasn't in use.
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๊ฐ•์˜ ์นจ์ „๋ฌผ์ด ๋…น์Šฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์ž์ฒด๋„ ์ž˜ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:26
And I recognized that oftentimes design,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€๊ฑด ๋””์ž์ธ์ด๋ž€
04:28
when you're set up to see design,
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๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ๋ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์€
04:30
it can be a bit of a letdown.
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์‹ค๋ง๊ฐ์ด ๋ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:32
But there were lots of other things going on in this area:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ณณ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฅ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์–ด์š”
04:35
it was a kind of construction zone;
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๊ณต์‚ฌํ˜„์žฅ๊ฐ™์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:37
a lot of buildings were going up.
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
And, approaching a building from a distance, you don't see too much;
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ๋Š” ๋ณผ์ˆ˜์—†๋˜๊ฒƒ์ด
04:41
you get a little closer, and you arrive at a nice little composition
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž‘๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:44
that might remind you of a Mondrian or a Diebenkorn or something.
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Mondrian์ด๋‚˜ Diebenkorn์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
04:48
But to me it was an example of
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
04:50
industrial materials with a little bit of colors and animation
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์ƒ‰๊น”๊ณผ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์„ ์ž…์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ž์žฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:53
and a nice little still life -- kind of unintended piece of design.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ •๋ฌผํ™”์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
And going a little closer, you get a different perspective.
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๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
04:59
I find these little vignettes,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ 
05:01
these little accidental pieces of design,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด
05:03
to be refreshing.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:05
They give me, I don't know,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋ญ๋ผ ํ• ๊นŒ...
05:07
a sense of correctness in the world
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ๊ณผ
05:09
and some visual delight in the knowledge
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์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:12
that the building will probably never look as good
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ € ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ด
05:14
as this simple industrial scaffolding
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๊ณต์‚ฌํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐœํŒ๋งŒํผ๋„
05:16
that is there to serve.
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๋ชปํ•ด ๋ณด์ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:18
Down the road, there was another building, a nice visual structure:
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๊ธธ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
05:21
horizontal, vertical elements, little decorative lines
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์ˆ˜ํ‰์„ , ์ˆ˜์ง์„ ์˜ ์š”์†Œ์™€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ผ์ธ๋“ค์ด
05:24
going across, these magenta squiggles,
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์ด ๋งˆ์  ํƒ€์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ 
05:26
the workmen being reduced to decorative elements,
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์ผ๊พผ๋“ค ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์žฅ์‹์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋˜๋Š”,
05:29
just a nice, kind of, breakup
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๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์–ด์ฐŒ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:31
of the urban place.
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:33
And, you know, that no longer exists.
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์–ด์ฉœ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฒƒ.
05:35
You've captured it for a moment, and finding this little still life's
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์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ฃ 
05:37
like listening to little songs or something:
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
05:39
it gives me an enormous amount of pleasure.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:42
Antoine Predock designed
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Antoine Predock์ด
05:44
a wonderful ball stadium in San Diego
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San Diego์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์•ผ๊ตฌ์žฅ์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:46
called Petco Park.
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Petco Park๋ผ๊ณ 
05:48
A terrific use of local materials,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:50
but inside you could find some interior compositions.
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์Šคํ…Œ๋””์—„ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด ํ•œ ์ธํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:53
Some people go to baseball stadiums to look at games;
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ์Šคํ…Œ๋””์—„์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ
05:55
I go and see design relationships.
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์ €๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:57
Just a wonderful kind of breakup of architecture,
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๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
05:59
and the way that the trees form vertical elements.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์ง์˜ ๋ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:02
Red is a color in the landscape
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๋นจ๊ฐ•์ƒ‰์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ 
06:04
that is often on stop signs.
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๋ณดํ†ต "๋ฉˆ์ถค"์‹ธ์ธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ฃ 
06:06
It takes your attention; it has a great amount of emotion;
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๋นจ๊ฐ•์ƒ‰์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์žก๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ ,
06:08
it stares back at you the way that a figure might.
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์ „๋‹ฌํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Just a piece of barrier tape construction stuff in Italy.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ณต์‚ฌํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:14
Construction site in New York:
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๋‰ด์š•์˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌํ˜„์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:16
red having this kind of emotional power
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๋นจ๊ฐ•์ƒ‰์€ ๊ฐ์ •์  ํž˜์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
that's almost an equivalent with the way in which --
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด
06:20
cuteness of puppies and such.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๋•Œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ์š”
06:22
Side street in Italy.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๊ธธ ํ•œํŽธ.
06:24
Red drew me into this little composition,
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๋นจ๊ฐ•์ƒ‰์ด ์ œ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋Œ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:26
optimistic to me in the sense that maybe
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๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
06:29
the public service's mailbox,
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ธ ํŽธ์ง€ํ•จ๊ณผ,
06:31
door service, plumbing.
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๋ฌธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ๋ฐฐ๊ด€
06:33
It looks as if these different public services
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋“ค์ด
06:35
work together to create some nice little compositions.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋“ฏํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
In Italy, you know, almost everything, kind of, looks good.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์„  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:40
Simple menus put on a board,
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๋ณด๋“œ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
06:41
achieving, kind of, the sort of balance.
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์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
06:43
But I'm convinced that it's because
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ฐŒ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:45
you're walking around the streets and seeing things.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธธ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ 
06:47
Red can be comical: it can draw your attention
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๋นจ๊ฐ•์€ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ค„์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์ฃ 
06:49
to the poor little personality of the little fire hydrant
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ์†Œํ™”์ „์˜ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋Š”
06:52
suffering from bad civic planning in Havana.
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ํ•˜๋ฐ”๋‚˜์˜ ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
06:55
Color can animate simple blocks,
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์ƒ‰์€ ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์›€์„ ์‚ด๋ง›๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:57
simple materials:
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค ๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
06:59
walking in New York, I'll stop.
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๋‰ด์š•์„ ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ์„œ๋Š”
07:01
I don't always know why I take photographs of things.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋„ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ์ฐ์–ด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
A nice visual composition of symmetry.
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๋Œ€์นญ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์กฐํ™”์™€
07:06
Curves against sharp things.
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๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์›€๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณก์„ 
07:08
It's a comment on the way in which we deal with
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๋‰ด์š•์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์ขŒ์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
07:11
public seating in the city of New York.
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์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:13
I've come across some other just,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:15
kind of, curious relationships
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๊ธธ์œ„์— ๋†“์—ฌ์ง„ ๋ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„
07:17
of bollards on the street that have different interpretations,
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
but -- these things amuse me.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:23
Sometimes a trash can -- this is just in the street in San Francisco --
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์–ด๋–ค ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ† ์€ -- ์ด๊ฑด ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต์ธ๋ฐ์š” --
07:26
a trash can that's been left there for 18 months
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18๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:29
creates a nice 45-degree angle
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45๋„ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:31
against these other relationships,
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์ฃผ์œ„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ ,
07:33
and turns a common parking spot into a nice little piece of sculpture.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
07:36
So, there's this sort of silent hand of design at work
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๋””์ž์ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—๋Š” ๋””์žฅ์ธ์˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ์˜ ์†์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:39
that I see in places that I go.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ๊ณณ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Havana is a wonderful area.
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Havana๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
07:44
It's quite free of commercial clutter:
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์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ๋น„๋Š” ๊ณณ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ
07:46
you don't see our logos and brands and names,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋กœ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๋“ค์€ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:48
and therefore you're alert to things physically.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชธ์— ๋” ์™€๋‹ฟ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์ฃ 
07:50
And this is a great protection of a pedestrian zone,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ํ–‰์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:55
and the repurposing of some colonial cannons to do that.
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์˜ค๋ž˜์ „ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž˜ ์”Œ์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:59
And Cuba needs to be far more resourceful,
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์ฟ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์ข€๋” ๋‚ณ์€ ์ง€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ด๊ฐธ๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
08:02
because of the blockades and things,
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์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:03
but a really wonderful playground.
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์ข‹์€ ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
I've often wondered why Italy is really a leader in modern design.
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์ „ ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ์™œ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋˜๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:09
In our area, in furnishings,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š”
08:11
they're sort of way at the top.
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์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ํƒ‘์ด์ฃ 
08:13
The Dutch are good also, but the Italians are good.
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ๋„ ์ž˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ 
08:15
And I came across this little street in Venice,
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
08:18
where the communist headquarters
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๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ณธ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:20
were sharing a wall with this Catholic shrine.
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์ฒœ์ฃผ๊ต์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณจํ•จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์“ฐ๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
08:23
And I realized that, you know, Italy is a place
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š”
08:26
where they can accept these different ideologies
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€
08:30
and deal with diversity and not have the problem,
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๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์–ด์šธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:33
or they can choose to ignore them,
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋˜์ง€
08:35
but these -- you don't have warring factions,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋”ชํž ๋งŒํ•œ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
and I think that maybe the tolerance of the absurdity
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์กฐํ•ฉ๋„ ์ฐธ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
08:41
which has made Italy so innovative
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:44
and so tolerant.
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๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•จ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
08:46
The past and the present work quite well together in Italy also,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ง„๊ณณ๋„ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์ฃ 
08:50
and I think that it's recognizable there,
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:52
and has an important effect on culture,
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๋ฌธํ™”์—๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:54
because their public spaces are protected,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์ค‘ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:56
their sidewalks are protected,
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๋ณดํ–‰์ž ๊ธธ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
08:58
and you're actually able to confront these things
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
physically,
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๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋”›ํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
09:02
and I think this helps people get over
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
09:03
their fear of modernism and other such things.
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๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์—๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”
09:06
A change might be a typical street corner in San Francisco.
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์˜ ๊ธธ๊ฐ€
09:09
And I use this -- this is, sort of,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ  - - ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ญ๋ž„๊นŒ,
09:11
what I consider to be urban spam.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:13
I notice this stuff because I walk a lot,
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:16
but here, private industry is really kind of
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด
09:18
making a mess of the public sector.
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๊ณต๋™์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:20
And as I look at it, I sort of say, you know,
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๋˜ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
09:21
the publications that report on problems in the urban area
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๋‰ด์Šค๋‚˜ ๋งค๊ฑฐ์ง„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„
09:24
also contribute to it,
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ํ•œ๋ชซ์„ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
09:26
and it's just my call to say to all of us,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€
09:28
public policy won't change this at all;
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ…๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:30
private industry has to work to take things like this seriously.
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๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:33
The extreme might be in Italy where, again,
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๊ทน๋‹จ์  ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋“ค๋ฉด
09:36
there's kind of some type of control
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
09:38
over what's happening in the environment is very evident,
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์ฃผ์œ„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
09:41
even in the way that they sell and distribute periodicals.
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์žก์ง€๋“ฑ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
I walk to work every day or ride my scooter,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑท๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šค์ฟ ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ถœ๊ทผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:47
and I come down and park in this little spot.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž‘์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•˜์ง€์š”.
09:51
And I came down one day,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฒ‰์€๋ฐ
09:53
and all the bikes were red.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๊ฐ•์ƒ‰์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:55
Now, this is not going to impress you guys who Photoshop, and can do stuff,
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์ž ๊น, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํฌํ† ์ƒต ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑธ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:58
but this was an actual moment
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:00
when I got off my bike,
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์ € ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ
10:02
and I looked and I thought, it's as if
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๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธธ, ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ด๊ฑด
10:04
all of my biker brethren
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๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค์ด
10:07
had kind of gotten together and conspired
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๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ
10:09
to make a little statement.
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์Œ๋ชจ๋ผ๋„ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:11
And it reminded me that --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋‚€๊ฑด
10:13
to keep in the present,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„
10:15
to look out for these kinds of things.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ๊นจ์›Œ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
It gave me possibilities for wonder --
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๋†€๋ผ์›€์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:19
if maybe it's a yellow day in San Francisco, and we could all agree,
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€ ์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์— ๋…ธ๋ž‘์ƒ‰ ๋‚ ์ด ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:22
and create some installations.
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์„ค์น˜๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
10:24
But it also reminded me of the power
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๋˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๊ฒŒํ•œ ํž˜์€
10:26
of pattern and repetition
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ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ด
10:28
to make an effect in our mind.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
And I don't know if there's a stronger kind of effect
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ํŒจํ„ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”,
10:34
than pattern and the way it unites
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์„œ๋กœ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„
10:36
kind of disparate elements.
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์กฐํ•ฉํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํž˜๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:38
I was at the art show in Miami in December,
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12์›”๋‹ฌ ๋งˆ์ด์—๋ฏธ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ art show๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:41
and spent a couple of hours looking at fine art,
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๋‘์–ด์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฐ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:43
and amazed at the prices of art
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๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ ๊ฐ’์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
and how expensive it is, but having a great time looking at it.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์— ํ‘น ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”
10:47
And I came outside, and the valets for this car service
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๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐจ valet ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•˜๋Š”๊ณณ์—์„œ
10:52
had created, you know, quite a nice little collage
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด collage๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:55
of these car keys,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐจํ‚ค๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
and my closest equivalent were a group of prayer tags
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๊ธฐ๋„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฌธ์„ ๋ผ์›Œ๋‘”๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ 
11:01
that I had seen in Tokyo.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ† ์ฟ„์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฌ์š”
11:03
And I thought that if
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธธ
11:05
pattern can unite these disparate elements,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์œตํ•ฉํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:08
it can do just about anything.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋„ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”
11:10
I don't have very many shots of people,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
because they kind of get in the way of studying pure form.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
I was in a small restaurant in Spain,
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์ŠคํŒจ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์—์„œ
11:18
having lunch --
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์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์„๋•Œ ์˜€๋˜๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”
11:20
one of those nice days where
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋‚  ์žˆ์ฃ ...
11:22
you had the place kind of to yourself,
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๋‚˜๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ฐ™์ด ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ณณ
11:24
and you have a glass of wine, and enjoying the local area
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์™€์ธ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ณณ ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
11:26
and the culture and the food
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๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์Œ์‹์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ 
11:28
and the quiet, and feeling very lucky,
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์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ์•„~ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์šด์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„๋•Œ
11:31
and a bus load of tourists arrived,
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๊ด€๊ด‘๋ฒ„์Šค ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:34
emptied out,
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๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค
11:36
filled up the restaurant.
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์— ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋“ ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
In a very short period of time,
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์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์•ˆ์—
11:40
completely changed the atmosphere
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
11:43
and character with loud voices and large bodies and such,
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์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํฐ ๋ชธ๋“ค์ด ์–ฝํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
and we had to get up and leave;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
it was just that uncomfortable.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•  ์ •๋„์˜€์–ด์š”.
11:50
And at that moment, the sun came out,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ, ๋– ๋‚˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ 
11:52
and through this perforated screen,
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ๋šซ๋ฆฐ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ
11:55
a pattern was cast over these bodies
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ํŒจํ„ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์œ„๋กœ ๋“ธ๋ฆฌ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:57
and they kind of faded into the rear,
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๊ทธ์ค‘์€ ๋’ค์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํฉ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
12:00
and we left the restaurant kind of
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋’ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์„
12:02
feeling O.K. about stuff.
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๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋ฐ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
12:04
And I do think pattern
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ํŒจํ„ด์€
12:06
has the capability of eradicating
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์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ •ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
some of the most evil
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์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‚˜์œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๋„
12:10
forces of society,
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๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”
12:12
such as bad form in restaurants,
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์•ˆ์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์šด ๋ชจ์–‘๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
12:14
but quite seriously, it was a statement to me
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ค€ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:17
that one thing that you do, sort of, see
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์˜ํ• ๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด
12:19
is the aggressive nature
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:21
of the industrial world has produced --
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์‚ฐ์—…์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ
12:23
kind of,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
12:26
large masses of things,
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๋ถ€์ •์  ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค ๋ฐ–์—๋Š”
12:30
and when you -- in monoculture,
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๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:32
and I think the preservation of diversity in culture
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€
12:34
is something that's important to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ™”๋‘๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:36
The last shots that I have deal with --
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
12:39
coming back to this theme of sidewalks,
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๋ณด๋„์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
and I wanted to
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
12:43
say something here about -- I'm, kind of, optimistic, you know.
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์šฐ์„ ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:46
Post-Second World War,
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„
12:48
the influence of the automobile
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
12:50
has really been devastating in a lot of our cities.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ํ™ฉํ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
A lot of urban areas have been converted into parking lots
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๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋•…์ด ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ 
12:55
in a sort of indiscriminate use.
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๋งˆ๊ตฌ์žก์ด๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
A lot of the planning departments became subordinated
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๋งŽ์€ ๋„์‹œ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ€
12:59
to the transportation department. It's as easy to rag on cars
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๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ถ€์„œ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ, ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ผ์ด
13:01
as it is on Wal-Mart;
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Wal Mart๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:03
I'm not going to do that.
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
13:05
But they're real examples in urbanization
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹œํ™”์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:08
and the change that's occurred in the last number of years,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ์›”๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€
13:11
and the heightened sensitivity to the importance
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ
13:13
of our urban environments as cultural centers.
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๋ถ€๊ณฝ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:15
I think that they are, that the statements that we make
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
13:18
in this public sector
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๊ณต๊ณต ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด
13:20
are our contributions
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๊ณตํ—Œ์ด ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:23
to a larger whole.
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๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
13:25
Cities are the place where we're most likely
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
13:27
to encounter diversity
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:29
and to mix with other people.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
13:31
We go there for stimulation in art and all those other things.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์  ์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋งŽ์€๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:33
But I think people have recognized
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„
13:35
the sanctity of our urban areas.
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์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
A place like Chicago
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์€
13:39
has really reached kind of a level of international stature.
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๊ตญ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:41
The U.S. is actually becoming a bit of a leader in kind of
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋„์‹œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ์žฌํ™œ์—
13:43
enlightened urban planning and renewal,
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๋ฆฌ๋”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:46
and I want to single out a place like Chicago,
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”,
13:48
where I look at some guy like Mayor Daley as a bit of a design hero
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Mayor Daley๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ง€์ธ ์˜์›…์ด๋ผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
for being able to work through the
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์„œ
13:53
political processes and all that to improve an area.
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์ง€์—ญ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
You would expect a city like this to have
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚ ๋•Œ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
13:58
upgraded flower boxes
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์ข€๋” ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋œ ๊ฝƒํ™”๋ถ„๋“ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ 
14:00
on Michigan Avenue where wealthy people shop,
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Š” Michigan Ave๊ฐ™์€๊ณณ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
14:02
but if you actually go along the street you find
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
14:04
the flower boxes change from street to street:
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๊ฝƒํ™”๋ถ„์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
14:07
there's actual diversity in the plants.
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๊ทธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:09
And the idea that a city group can maintain
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด
14:11
different types of foliage
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์„œ๋กœ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ „ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด
14:13
is really quite exceptional.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:16
There are common elements of this that you'll see throughout Chicago,
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
14:19
and then there are your big-D design statements:
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ big-D design ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€
14:21
the Pritzker Pavilion done by Frank Gehry.
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ํ”„๋žญํฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์„ฑํ•œ Pritzker Pavilion์—๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:24
My measure of this as being an important bit of design
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€
14:27
is not so much the way that it looks,
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๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:30
but the fact that it performs a very important social function.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”
14:32
There are a lot of free concerts, for example,
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Pritzker Pavilion์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด
14:34
that go on in this area;
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๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
14:36
it has a phenomenal acoustic system.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋งŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
14:38
But the commitment that the city has made to the public area
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ™œ์ด
14:40
is significant, and almost an international model.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€์š”
14:43
I work on the mayor's council in San Francisco,
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์ „ San Francisco์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
14:45
on the International Design Council for Mayors,
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Mayors์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
and Chicago is looked at as the pinnacle,
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์œผ๋œธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฝ‘ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:50
and I really would like to salute Mayor Daley and the folks there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” Mayor Daley์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:53
I thought that I should include at least one
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“ค์ผ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
14:55
shot of technology for you guys.
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ํ…Œํฌ๋‚ ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ์š”.
14:57
This is also in Millennium Park in Chicago,
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์ด๊ฑด ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ๊ณต์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:00
where the Spanish artist-designer Plensa
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์ŠคํŒจ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ Plensa๊ฐ€
15:02
has created, kind of,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ 
15:04
a digital readout in this park
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŒ๋…๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
15:06
that reflects back
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์ด๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
15:08
the characters and personalities
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์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„
15:10
of the people in this area.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:13
And it's a welcoming area, I think, inclusive of diversity,
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์˜์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด์ฃ , ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—”, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:16
reflective of diversity, and I think
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
this marriage of both technology and art
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ…Œํฌ๋‚ ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์™€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€
15:22
in the public sector is an area where the U.S.
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์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€
15:24
can really take a leadership role,
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๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์˜ ์—ญํ™œ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:26
and Chicago is one example.
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ด๊ตฌ์š”
15:28
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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