The Future of Machines That Move like Animals | Robert Katzschmann | TED

64,411 views ใƒป 2022-11-25

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:04
Modern engineering focuses on rotating motors
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ื”ื ื“ืกื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ืขืœ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื
00:07
to power almost any machine.
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ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื”.
00:10
It has taken about 200 years
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ื–ื” ืœืงื— ื‘ืขืจืš 200 ืฉื ื”
00:12
for motors to become what they are today.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:16
And they're still loud and unnatural in their ways.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื.
00:20
The constant noise of machines
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ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช
00:22
causes problems for living beings everywhere,
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ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
00:26
both in the ocean and also on land.
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ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื”.
00:29
Humans who are constantly exposed to noise can become stressed, depressed
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืจืขืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื, ืžื“ื•ื›ืื™ื
00:34
and even develop tinnitus.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคืชื— ื˜ื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ.
00:38
In contrast,
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช,
00:39
there are no rotating motors in nature.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข.
00:43
Nature often smoothly, glides, swims or wiggles,
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืจื•ื‘ ื—ืœืง, ื’ื•ืœืฉ, ืฉื•ื—ื” ืื• ืžืชื ื•ืขืข,
00:47
without the rattling of rigid parts
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ืœืœื ืฉืงืฉื•ืง ื—ืœืงื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื
00:50
or the loud rubbing of surfaces.
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ืื• ืฉืคืฉื•ืฃ ืจื•ืขืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื.
00:53
I believe we can and should rehaul our approach to how we make machines.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
01:00
Instead of using rigid or unnatural materials,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืื• ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื,
01:04
what if we made biomimetic machines?
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ืžื” ืื ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช?
01:07
Machines made of soft or living materials
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ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ืื• ื—ื™ื™ื
01:10
that are adaptive and safe to use in a variety of everyday tasks?
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ืฉืžืกืชื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช?
01:16
Can you imagine boats or submarines that propel themselves
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ
01:20
by moving their tails from side to side,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื–ืช ื–ื ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“,
01:22
just like fish do?
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ื’ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
01:24
So to imitate these natural movements,
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
01:28
we have to replace rotating motors
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื
01:30
and fast, spinning propellers
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ื•ืžื“ื—ืคื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื
01:33
with artificial muscles.
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ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื.
01:35
And I can tell you this, this can be done.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช.
01:39
Our team of researchers at MIT and ETH Zurich
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘-MIT ื•ื‘-ETH ืฆื™ืจื™ืš
01:43
has started to develop less disruptive robots
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ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืชื— ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื
01:46
by introducing a new, biomimetic way of moving through water.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื˜ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื.
01:52
We created a biomimetic robotic fish.
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื“ื’ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื˜ื™.
01:56
Her name is Sophie.
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ืกื•ืคื™.
02:00
She's the first demonstration of a fully untethered, soft robot
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืจืš, ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ
02:04
that can explore the ocean without the need for propellers.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื“ื—ืคื™ื.
02:12
Sophie pumps water back and forth within a highly deformable tail.
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ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืžื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื ื‘ ืžืชืขื•ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
02:20
Her tail movement imitates the natural swimming motion of real fish.
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ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื–ื ื‘ ืฉืœื” ืžื—ืงื” ืืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
02:29
Sophie's natural design allows her to closely monitor aquatic life.
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ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคื™ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœืคืงื— ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื.
02:36
Now, there's a catch.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืžืœื›ื•ื“.
02:39
Sophie is energy-hungry and loud.
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ืกื•ืคื™ ืจืขื‘ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืงื•ืœื ื™ืช.
02:42
Yes, we successfully managed to build a robot that swims like a fish,
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉืฉื•ื—ื” ื›ืžื• ื“ื’,
02:47
but...
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ืื‘ืœ...
02:52
Sophie requires a motor and a pump to properly work.
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ืกื•ืคื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžื ื•ืข ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš.
03:00
Now we are replacing that motor and pump,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื•ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื”,
03:03
which is noisy and not desired in such a way,
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ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืขืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•,
03:07
we're replacing it with silent, artificial muscles.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื™ื,
03:12
These muscles are called HASELs.
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ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืงืจืื™ื HASELs.
03:16
They directly and efficiently convert electrical energy
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ื”ื ืžืžื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช
03:20
into muscle contractions.
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ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื.
03:23
Take a look at this large muscle we made to lift and lower a leg.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืจื’ืœ.
03:29
A stack of flexible sheets contracts and relaxes
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ืขืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฆืช ื•ื ืจื’ืขืช
03:32
just like a thigh muscle does.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉืจื™ืจ ื™ืจืš ืขื•ืฉื”.
03:38
Let me tell you how this works.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
03:41
So we take laminated sheets
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ืฆื™ื”
03:45
to create pouches.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ืกื™ื.
03:48
We have several of these pouches within a single muscle.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื›ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืจื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“.
03:51
We now take a conductive ink
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืœื™ืš
03:53
and spray-coat that ink onto these pouches,
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ื•ืžืจืกืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื• ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
03:56
and then we inject them with oil.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉืžืŸ.
04:01
After having done this,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช,
04:03
we have a conductive ink that acts like a flexible electrode
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืžื• ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”
04:07
that squeezes these liquid-filled pouches
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ืฉืกื•ื—ื˜ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:10
when a voltage is applied.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืžืชื—.
04:15
Now, just like muscles with real fish,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื’ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
04:19
we take this kind of filmed muscles
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ืกืจื˜
04:22
and pair them up as antagonistic pairs
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ื•ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื
04:25
and put them into our soft robotic fish design.
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ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื“ื’ื ื”ื“ื’ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืจืš ืฉืœื ื•.
04:30
We 3D-print the hull
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ืื ื• ืžื“ืคื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ
04:33
and the spine of this fish,
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ื•ืืช ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ ื”ื–ื”,
04:38
using soft and rigid materials.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื.
04:43
The fish now swims silently
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ื”ื“ื’ ืฉื•ื—ื” ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜
04:46
by electrically charging the muscles inside of the fish
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’
04:50
in an alternating fashion from one side to the other.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืชื—ืœืคืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:55
To improve our designs,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
04:57
we do not rely on tedious trial and error fabrication.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื™ื” ืžื™ื™ื’ืข.
05:01
Instead, our software rapidly simulates
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื“ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
05:06
and optimizes a design for performance
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ื•ืžืžื˜ื‘ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข
05:10
before we have to build it.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
05:14
Our approach creates a continuous design space
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืœืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ ืจืฆื™ืฃ
05:19
that interpolates between existing fish designs to create new designs.
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ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ ื“ื’ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
05:25
Our optimization then explores this continuous design space
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืืช ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื”ื–ื”
05:29
to come up with new and faster creatures we have not seen before.
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ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
05:34
Robots one day might even be made of living muscle cells.
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืชืื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:39
Wouldn't it be great if such a living robot would then heal itself,
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ืื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื—ื™ ื›ื–ื” ื™ืจืคื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•,
05:44
just like human muscles do?
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
05:47
I can tell you this.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”.
05:49
Starting from muscle cells,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืชืื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ,
05:50
we can already print, grow and stimulate muscles.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก, ืœื’ื“ืœ ื•ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื.
05:56
We are now beginning to make these muscles larger,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:59
longer-lasting and controllable.
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ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
06:04
Itโ€™s a fascinating challenge to engineer a standalone muscle
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ื–ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืžืจืชืง ืœื”ื ื“ืก ืฉืจื™ืจ ืขืฆืžืื™
06:09
without a supporting organism
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ืœืœื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ืชื•ืžืš
06:11
that provides this muscle with an immune system.
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ืฉืžืกืคืง ืœืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.
06:15
These living muscles efficiently convert chemical energy that comes from nutrients
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ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื–ื ื”
06:22
into muscle contractions.
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ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื.
06:25
Living muscles can eventually become sustainable
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ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื
06:28
and biodegradable machines
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ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื›ืœื•ืช
06:30
that decrease emissions and pollution
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ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื
06:34
all while actually truly mimicking nature.
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ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
06:39
So all of this,
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
06:40
what I've told you, is possible
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ืžื” ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื, ืืคืฉืจื™
06:42
with the knowledge that researchers and engineers have today.
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ืขื ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื.
06:47
I believe we have to rethink every machine ever invented
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ืื™ ืคืขื
06:51
from a holistic perspective.
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
06:53
We have to rethink what the machine should do
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
06:57
and what it should not do.
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ื•ืžื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:00
I think we want machines that safely integrate with us,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”,
07:03
improve our quality of life.
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ืžืฉืคืจื•ืช ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
07:06
All the while, we respect nature,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
07:09
and don't pollute our world with loud noises.
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ื•ืœื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ืขื ืจืขืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื.
07:14
So let's reimagine machines to take on forms
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื‘ืฉื• ืฆื•ืจื•ืช
07:19
we have never thought of before
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื
07:22
and discover places we have never been to before.
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ื•ื ื’ืœื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
07:25
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
07:26
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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