Isha Datar: How we could eat real meat without harming animals | TED

104,827 views ใƒป 2021-10-22

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Jenny Rublevsky ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:16
Diners in Singapore are eating chicken nuggets
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ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื’ืคื•ืจ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื ื’ื™ืกื™ ืขื•ืฃ
00:20
made from a chicken who was never killed.
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ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืฃ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื”ืจื’.
00:23
How is this possible?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™?
00:25
Through the power of what I call "cellular agriculture."
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ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• โ€œื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืชืื™ื.โ€
00:30
For the past decade, I've been an advocate for growing meat in a lab.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžืฉืชื™ ื›ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
00:34
To me, this chicken nugget, this hamburger, this sausage --
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื ื’ื™ืก ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื ืงื ื™ืงื™ื” ื”ื–ื• --
00:39
all made from cells instead of animals --
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื --
00:42
arenโ€™t just fast-food products.
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ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
00:44
They're our ticket to a new food system.
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ื”ื ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื”.
00:47
Here's how it works.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
00:49
Rather than raise a whole chicken with beaks, feathers, sentience,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœืช ืฉืœืžื” ืขื ืžืงื•ืจ, ื ื•ืฆื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื™ืฉื”,
00:53
we grow the meat directly from muscle cells.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชืื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ.
00:56
We take a small biopsy from a living animal,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืคืกื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™,
00:59
and then extract the cells of interest.
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ื•ืื– ืžื—ืœืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
01:01
They're probably muscle cells,
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชืื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ,
01:03
but they could be fat or connective tissue as well.
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ืืš ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืชืื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื• ืจืงืžื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
01:06
Now, muscle cells in particular, love to attach onto surfaces.
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืชืื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ, ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื.
01:11
It helps them grow and elongate into those long muscle fibers
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ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืืจืš ืœืื•ืชื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ ืืจื•ื›ื™ื
01:14
that we're so familiar with.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
01:16
So we might provide a scaffolding material
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื™ื’ื•ืžื™ื
01:18
for those cells to adhere onto.
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ืœืื•ืชื ืชืื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื”ื.
01:20
And then, of course, we have to feed the cells something.
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
01:23
So we put them in a liquid medium
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชืžื™ืกื” ื ื•ื–ืœื™ืช
01:25
that provides all the nutrients that these cells need to grow and divide:
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ื”ืžืกืคืงืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืฆืœ:
01:28
carbohydrates, amino acids, growth factors and more.
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ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื•ืขื•ื“.
01:33
Lastly, the cells on the scaffold in the medium
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืชืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื™ืกื”
01:36
all grow within a bioreactor,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืจื™ืืงื˜ื•ืจ,
01:38
which is kind of like a large stainless steel tank --
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืคืœื“ืช ืืœื—ืœื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ--
01:41
looks a lot like brewing equipment and can be just as big as well.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
01:44
And the bioreactor really just provides that constant stable environment
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื™ืืงื˜ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื”
01:48
that those cells need to flourish in --
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ืฉืื•ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ื”--
01:50
stable temperature, pressure, inflows, outflows, etc.
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ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ืœื—ืฅ, ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืคื ื™ืžื”, ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ื›ื•โ€™.
01:55
And after those cells get a chance to proliferate and differentiate,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืœ,
01:59
mature into muscle fibers,
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ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืœื›ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืจื™ืจ,
02:01
we might harvest the cells and the tissues and then turn them into a nugget,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœื ื’ื™ืก,
02:06
a nugget that was boneless and skinless and all white meat to begin with.
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ื ื’ื™ืก ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืœื ืขืฆื ื•ืœืœื ืขื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
02:12
Now, this wouldn't just be better for chickens and cows and pigs
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ื›ืขืช, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช, ืคืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื
02:17
and the people who have to farm them and slaughter them and process their meat.
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืฉื—ื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื.
02:20
This could be better for the whole world.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:22
Think of this:
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”:
ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
02:24
early estimates of cell-cultured meat's potential
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02:27
show that cultured meat would require 99 percent less land,
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ืžืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืชื•ืจื‘ืช ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ 99% ืคื—ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”,
02:30
96 percent less water
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96% ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื
02:32
and produce 96 percent fewer greenhouse gas emissions.
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ื•ื™ื™ืฆืจ 96% ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”.
02:36
Now, those are still speculative early estimates.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:38
But think about the incredible potential that this technology holds.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:42
I mean, if this all works, this would be a new subsistence strategy,
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ืื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“, ื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”,
02:46
a new tool set for producing food.
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ืกื˜ ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
02:49
It wouldn't just be a new product category.
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ื–ืืช ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื”.
02:51
And I think it's our once-in-a-lifetime opportunity
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื-ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื ื•
02:54
to get a second chance at agriculture,
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช,
02:56
to do things better and to learn from our mistakes.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:00
What do I mean by mistakes?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช?
03:01
After all, this is a food system that keeps billions of people alive, yes.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื–ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืŸ.
03:05
But look at what has happened to chickens
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืจืื• ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช
03:08
in just 50 years.
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ื‘-50 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
03:10
By simply picking which two chickens to breed with one another,
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ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื” 2 ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
03:13
chickens went from this on the left, a bird that's from 1957,
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ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืžื–ืืช ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 1957,
03:18
to this on the right, a broiler.
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ืœื–ืืช ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืขื•ืฃ ืœืฆืœื™ื™ื”.
ื”ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื™ืœ.
03:21
These chickens are the same age.
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ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฆืœื™ื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืชืืžื” ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ
03:23
Broilers have been optimized so much for meat production
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03:26
that they must be slaughtered at six to eight weeks,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉื—ื˜ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 6 ืขื“ 8 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
03:29
because if they live beyond that,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš,
03:31
their legs will not be able to hold up their bodies.
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ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื’ื•ืคืŸ.
03:34
That is real suffering.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื‘ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™.
03:37
What about farms?
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช?
03:39
Today, animals are packed together so closely
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื“ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฆืคื•ืคื”
03:41
that the risk of antibiotic resistance and epidemic viruses
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื’ืคื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื
03:45
are at all-time highs.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื.
03:47
Did you know that 2018 was the beginning
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืฉื ืช 2018 ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื—ื™ืœืชื”
03:50
of the largest farmed animal pandemic ever?
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ืฉืœ ืžื’ืคืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ ืคืขื?
03:54
African swine fever has already killed an estimated one in four pigs on Earth.
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ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื’ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 1 ืžืชื•ืš 4 ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:00
One in four pigs,
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1 ืžืชื•ืš 4 ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื,
04:01
that is hundreds of millions of pigs lost from our food supply.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืื‘ื“ื• ืžืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:07
Animal agriculture is simply too big to not fail.
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ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ.
04:11
What about our changing climate?
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ืฉืœื ื•?
04:14
Did you know that our global herd of farmed animals
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง ืฉืœื ื•
04:17
is one of the biggest drivers and victims of climate change?
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื?
04:21
On one hand,
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“,
04:22
cows alone produce nine percent of all greenhouse gas emissions.
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ืคืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืคื™ืงื•ืช 9% ืžื›ืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื”.
04:26
On the other hand,
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ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
04:27
climate chaos is seeing more and more incidences of thousands,
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ื›ืื•ืก ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™,
04:32
sometimes tens of thousands of cattle
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืคืจื•ืช
04:34
being lost overnight in rogue storms, floods and fires.
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ื”ื ืกืคื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื•ืช, ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช.
04:40
Farming is always going to be at the mercy of Mother Nature,
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ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ ืืžื ื˜ื‘ืข,
04:43
but climate change is rewriting the rules of farming as we speak.
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ืืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžืฉื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
04:47
We need another way.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
04:49
Lastly, our planet.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:51
We dedicate more of this Earth to feeding cows, pigs and chickens
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืื›ืœืช ืคืจื•ืช, ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช
04:54
than we do to anything else.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ.
04:57
About a third of this planet, 27 percent,
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”, 27%,
05:00
roughly equivalent to all of North and South America combined,
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ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืœื›ืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
05:04
is dedicated to raising livestock.
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ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:06
Now, this could all change with cellular agriculture.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืชืื™ืช.
ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ 99% ืคื—ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”
05:10
Remember how I said it would require 99 percent less land
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05:12
to produce cultured meat versus beef?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืชื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื‘ืงืจ?
05:15
Well, think about it: ranching can't go vertical, but cell culture can.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”: ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืื ื›ื™ืช, ืืš ืชืื™ื ื›ืŸ.
05:19
And if we can alleviate half, even a quarter, of this land
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ื•ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ืฆื™, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื‘ืข, ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช
05:23
and meet the global demand for protein,
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ื•ื ืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ,
05:25
well, imagine what we can do with the rest.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
05:28
Suddenly, it becomes possible to choose to do things
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ืœืคืชืข, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
05:31
like restore the Amazon rainforest, which we continue to clear-cut for cattle,
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ื›ืžื• ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื, ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืจ,
05:37
or revive other ecosystems that have been colonized by cows, corn and soy.
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ืื• ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ื›ืœืกื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืช, ืชื™ืจืก ื•ืกื•ื™ื”.
05:43
Or return stolen lands to Indigenous peoples,
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ืื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื’ื ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื,
05:46
who can finally reclaim their ancestral foodways.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
05:51
The United Nations says that we will have to restore nature
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ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื˜ื‘ืข
05:54
on land the size of China
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ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืกื™ืŸ
05:56
if we are to achieve climate resilience.
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืืงืœื™ืžื™ืช.
05:58
Cellular agriculture actually puts this on the table.
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ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืชืื™ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืžื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
06:01
Not only could we alleviate land for restoration,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื,
06:04
we can also create the products we know and love at a fraction of the emissions.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื—ืœืงื™ืง ืžื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช.
06:10
By farming cells, we could actually proactively envision agriculture
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืชืื™ืช, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช
06:15
for a climate-changed world.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.
06:17
And itโ€™s not just meat.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืจ.
06:19
Actually, by engineering biology,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขื ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
06:21
we could theoretically grow anything that might come from plants or animals
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืœื’ื“ืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืฆืžื—ื™ื ืื• ื—ื™ื•ืช
06:25
from cells instead.
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ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
06:27
Vanilla doesnโ€™t have to be rainforest farmed.
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ื•ื ื™ืœ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉื.
06:30
Egg whites donโ€™t have to come with a yolk.
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ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืขื ื—ืœืžื•ืŸ.
06:32
Foie gras can be completely cruelty-free,
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ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™,
06:36
and leather and silk don't have to come off the back of an animal
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ื•ืขื•ืจ ื•ืžืฉื™ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
06:39
or the home of a silkworm.
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ืื• ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืœืขื™ ื”ืžืฉื™.
06:41
In fact, we already consume cellular agriculture products
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืงื” ืžืชืื™ื
06:44
in our everyday lives,
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•,
06:45
just in supersmall quantities.
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ืจืง ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
06:48
Several vitamins, flavors and enzymes are already made in cell cultures.
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ืžืกืคืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืชืื™ื.
06:52
In fact, rennet, which is the set of enzymes used
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจื ื˜, ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื˜ ื”ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
06:56
to turn milk into curds and whey for cheese-making,
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืœื‘ ืœื’ื‘ืŸ ื•ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”,
06:59
used to come from the stomach lining of the fourth stomach of calves,
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื“ืคื ืช ืงื™ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื’ืœื™ื,
ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืคืจื”.
07:04
baby cows.
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07:05
And in 1990, a cell-cultured version hit the market.
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 1990, ื’ืจืกืช ืชืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื•ืง.
07:09
A version of the key enzyme, chymosin.
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ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื–ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™, ื›ื™ืžื•ืกื™ืŸ.
07:11
And today, only 30-ish years later,
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื, ืจืง ื›-30 ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™,
07:14
90 percent of rennet used for cheese-making
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90% ืžื”ืจื ื˜ ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”
07:18
came from a bioreactor instead of a calf.
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ื™ื•ืจื™ืืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืขื’ืœ.
07:21
Now, imagine what might happen
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช
07:22
if we expand beyond these small-volume, high-value products like rennet
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ืื ื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืขื ืขืจืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื ื˜
07:28
into commodity-level products like milk.
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ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื—ืœื‘.
07:31
Well, it's getting started.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ.
07:32
Today, you can buy ice cream -- real dairy ice cream --
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื’ืœื™ื“ื” -- ื’ืœื™ื“ืช ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช --
07:36
that was produced by cellular agriculture.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืชืื™ืช.
07:39
This is cows milk that never came from a cow.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœื‘ ืคืจื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืคืจื”.
07:42
It came from a computer.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžื—ืฉื‘.
07:44
The gene for whey protein was looked up in an open-source database, printed
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ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืืช ื”ื’ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืคืก
07:49
and then inserted into the DNA of an organism called trichoderma.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”DNA ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ืฉื ืงืจื ื˜ืจื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื”.
07:52
Now, just like in brewing, where we feed sugar to yeast
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ื›ืขืช, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื‘ื™ืจื”, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžืจื™ื
07:56
to brew alcohol in a big stainless steel fermenter,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœ ืคืœื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
07:58
we feed sugar to this modified trichoderma
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื›ื•ื“ืจืžื” ื”ืžื•ืชืืžืช ื”ื–ื•
08:02
and out comes whey proteins that we can put in yogurt,
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžื ื” ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜,
08:05
cream cheese and ice cream.
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ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืฉืžื ืช ื•ื’ืœื™ื“ื”.
08:07
Now, I have to admit that maybe this is the easy stuff,
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื,
08:11
relatively speaking.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™.
08:12
I mean, we have been modifying microorganisms to make proteins for us
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžื™ืงืจื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคื™ืงื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•
08:16
for decades now.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
08:17
And tissue engineering, which is what would be needed for meat production,
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ื•ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืจืงืžื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืงืช ื‘ืฉืจ,
08:21
is a lot newer science.
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ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืžื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
08:22
I mean, animal cells are just a lot more finicky than microbes in cell culture,
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ืชืื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืชืื™ื,
08:26
and growing a lot of animal cells and achieving three dimensionality
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื” ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช
08:29
is just no easy feat.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
08:31
But we're getting there.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื.
08:33
Back in 2013,
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013,
08:34
it cost 250,00 euros to produce this hamburger,
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ื–ื” ืขืœื” 250,000 ื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
08:38
and today, I've seen estimates of cell-cultured meats
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ืจืื™ืชื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืชืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ
08:42
cost as low as $50 per pound.
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ืฉืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›50$ ืœ450 ื’ืจื.
08:47
That's one twenty-seven-thousandth of what it was less than a decade ago.
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ื–ื” 1/27,000 ืžืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืขืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื•ืจ.
08:51
And I can really only see the price of cultured meat coming down,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืžืชื•ืจื‘ืช ืจืง ื™ื•ืจื“,
08:55
and I can only see the price of meat from animals going up.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืง ืขื•ืœื”.
08:58
I mean, think about it -- weโ€™re still in the early days of R and D.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” -- ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—.
09:01
As scientific breakthroughs are made,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช,
09:03
like recycling growth medium, reducing the cost of growth factors
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ื›ืžื• ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”
09:07
and achieving higher cell density in vitro,
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ื•ื”ืฉื’ืช ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืชืื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื”.
09:09
this curve is still going to go down.
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ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœืจื“ืช.
09:12
Meanwhile, the price of meat from animals is already artificially low
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžื•ืš
09:16
due to heavy subsidization.
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ืขืงื‘ ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
09:18
It does not reflect the cost to the public health
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
09:21
or to the environment.
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ืื• ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
09:22
And, in a world changed by COVID, African swine fever
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“, ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช
09:27
and a changing climate,
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ื•ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื”,
09:28
the price of meat from animals can only go up.
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ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ืœืขืœื•ืช.
09:31
In fact, I think that price parity would be well within reach
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“
09:34
if it were an even playing field.
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ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืจืฉ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ.
09:36
On one hand, we have animal agriculture,
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ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
09:38
which is so heavily supported by public funding and government support.
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ืฉื ืชืžื›ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช.
09:42
On the other hand, we have this very promising technology,
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ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
09:46
which requires very intensive R and D
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09:48
and needs a lot of infrastructure and training support
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ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื•ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™
ื•ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืŸ
09:51
but is left entirely in the hands of the private sector and market forces.
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ืืš ื ืฉืืจืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง.
09:56
In fact, I don't think any of the wonderful things
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื
09:59
I just described about rewilding the Amazon and so on will happen
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ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื•ื›ื•โ€ฒ ื™ืงืจื”
10:03
if we leave this technology solely in the hands
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ืื ื ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืจืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™
10:06
of technology and market forces.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง.
10:09
There's a real chance that cellular agriculture could fail,
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืชืื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ,
10:12
and it won't be because the science doesn't add up.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ืœื ืžืกืชื“ืจ.
10:15
It'll be because we didn't think about what ownership should look like
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ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช
10:18
or IP protection
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10:20
or governance or policy --
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ืื• ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
10:21
you know, the business side of mission-driven businesses.
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ืื• ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช --
ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื—ื“ื•ืจื™ - ืžืฉื™ืžื”.
10:25
And we're going to have to be very careful and thoughtful
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“
10:28
about what this technology needs around it
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10:30
so we can maximize the positive impact that it will have on this world.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:35
Look, I'm here today because animal products are just amazing,
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ืชืจืื•, ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
10:38
and you would be hard-pressed to find proteins in the plant world
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ื•ืืชื ืชืชืงืฉื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื
10:42
that can do what animal proteins can do:
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื—ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช:
10:45
long, stretchy cheeses, creamy custards, fluffy meringues,
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ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื ืžืชื—ืช, ืคื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืงืจืžื™, ืžืจื ื’ื™ื ืงืœื™ืœื™ื,
10:50
the incredibly rich umami flavors that you can find in meat and seafood ...
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ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืื•ืžืืžื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ ื™ื...
10:55
But despite how amazing animal proteins are,
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ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ ื”ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
10:58
they just don't need to come from animals anymore.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:01
And yes, we've got a long way to go
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11:03
to realize the potential of this technology,
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
11:05
and it's going to take ingenuity both inside of the lab and outside of it, too.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืชื•ืฉื™ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”.
11:09
But think about what we get in return.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”.
11:12
We get a chance to usher in a transformation as big for humanity
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
11:17
as our transformation from hunting to agriculture some 12,000 years ago.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืฆื™ื“ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›-12,000 ืฉื ื™ื.
11:22
This could be a new era of abundance in so many different ways.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
11:27
I'm personally most selfishly excited for the food products
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื ืจื’ืฉืช ื‘ืื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
11:30
that I can't even fathom today,
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11:32
because this is really a new tool for culinary creativity as well.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื,
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
11:36
I mean, we haven't really seen this
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11:38
since our ancestors discovered fermentation a while back.
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”
ืžืื– ืฉืื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืกื™ืกื” ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
11:42
What I mean by that is,
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11:43
we could have never looked at a glass of milk before we fermented foods
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื–ื”,
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืก ื—ืœื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืกืกื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ
11:47
and wanted it to be hard and stinky and moldy.
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ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืกืจื™ื—ื” ื•ืขื‘ืฉื”.
11:51
You know, we could have never envisioned cheese
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11:53
or the hundreds of varieties of cheese that we have today.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”
ืื• ืžืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื.
11:57
Similarly, meat is still defined by the body of an animal.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื” ืžืžื ื” ื‘ื.
12:01
We still describe it as cuts of meat.
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12:03
But if we can grow meat from cells,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ.
12:05
suddenly the boundaries for what meat can be will totally change.
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ืืš ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืชืื™ื,
ืœืคืชืข ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
12:10
Meat could be thin and translucent.
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12:12
It could be liquid.
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ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืง ื•ืฉืงื•ืฃ.
12:14
It could be crunchy, it could be bubbly.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื–ืœ.
ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืš, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืกืก.
12:17
Burgers are the baseline and sausages are just a starting point,
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ื ืงื ื™ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืจืง ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื”,
12:22
and nuggets are nowhere near what's possible with cellular agriculture.
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ื•ื ื’ื™ืกื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืชืื™ื.
12:26
Let's dream up a bigger, bolder future of food.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืœื•ื ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ.
12:30
Thank you.
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12:31
(Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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