3 creative ways to fix fashion's waste problem | Amit Kalra

165,480 views ・ 2018-03-09

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A few years ago, I found myself
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looking for the most cost-effective way to be stylish.
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So naturally, I wound up at my local thrift store,
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a wonderland of other people's trash
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that was ripe to be plucked to become my treasure.
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Now, I wasn't just looking for your average
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off-the-secondhand-rack vintage T-shirt to wear.
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For me, real style lives at the intersection of design
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and individuality.
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So to make sure that I was getting the most out of the things I was finding,
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I bought a sewing machine
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so I could tailor the 90's-style garments that I was finding,
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to fit a more contemporary aesthetic.
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I've been tailoring and making my own clothes from scratch ever since,
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so everything in my closet is uniquely my own.
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But as I was sorting through the endless racks of clothes at these thrift stores,
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I started to ask myself,
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what happens to all the clothes that I don't buy?
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The stuff that isn't really cool or trendy
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but kind of just sits there and rots away at these secondhand stores.
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I work in the fashion industry on the wholesale side,
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and I started to see some of the products that we sell
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end up on the racks of these thrift stores.
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So the question started to work its way into my work life, as well.
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I did some research
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and I pretty quickly found a very scary supply chain
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that led me to some pretty troubling realities.
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It turned out that the clothes I was sorting though
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at these thrift stores
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represented only a small fraction of the total amount of garments
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that we dispose of each year.
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In the US, only 15 percent of the total textile and garment waste
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that's generated each year
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ends up being donated or recycled in some way,
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which means that the other 85 percent of textile and garment waste
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end up in landfills every year.
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Now, I want to put this into perspective,
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because I don't quite think
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that the 85 percent does the problem justice.
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This means that almost 13 million tons of clothing and textile waste
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end up in landfills every year in just the United States alone.
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This averages out to be roughly 200 T-shirts per person
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ending up in the garbage.
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In Canada, we throw away enough clothing
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to fill the largest stadium in my home town of Toronto,
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one that seats 60,000 people,
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with a mountain of clothes three times the size of that stadium.
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Now, even with this,
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I still think that Canadians are the more polite North Americans,
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so don't hold it against us.
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(Laughter)
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What was even more surprising was seeing that the fashion industry
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is the second-largest polluter in the world
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behind the oil and gas industry.
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This is an important comparison to make.
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I don't want to defend the oil and gas industry
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but I'd be lying if I said I was surprised to hear they were the number one polluter.
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I just assumed, fairly or not, that that's an industry
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that doesn't really mind sticking to the status quo.
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One where the technology doesn't really change
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and the focus is more so on driving profitability
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at the expense of a sustainable future.
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But I was really surprised to see that the fashion industry was number two.
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Because maintaining that status quo
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is the opposite of what the fashion industry stands for.
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The unfortunate reality is,
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not only do we waste a lot of the things we do consume,
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but we also use a lot to produce the clothes that we buy each year.
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On average, a household's purchase of clothing per year
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requires 1,000 bathtubs of water to produce.
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A thousand bathtubs of water per household, per year.
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That's a lot of water.
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It seems that the industry that always has been
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and probably always will be on the forefront of design,
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creates products that are designed to be comfortable, designed to be trendy
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and designed to be expressive
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but aren't really designed to be sustainable
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or recyclable for that matter.
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But I think that can change.
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I think the fashion industry's aptitude for change
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is the exact thing that should make it
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patient zero for sustainable business practices.
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And I think to get started, all we have to do
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is start to design clothes to be recyclable at the end of their life.
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Now, designing recyclable clothing
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is definitely something to leave to the professionals.
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But as a 24-year-old thrift store aficionado
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armed with a sewing machine,
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if I were to very humbly posit one perspective,
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it would be to approach clothing design kind of like building with Lego.
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When we put together a brick of Lego,
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it's very strong but very easily manipulated.
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It's modular in its nature.
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Clothing design as it stands today is very rarely modular.
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Take this motorcycle jacket as an example.
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It's a pretty standard jacket with its buttons, zippers and trim.
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But in order for us to efficiently recycle a jacket like this,
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we need to be able to easily remove these items
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and quickly get down to just the fabric.
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Once we have just the fabric,
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we're able to break it down by shredding it
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and getting back to thread level,
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make new thread that then gets made into new fabric
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and ultimately new clothing,
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whether it be a new jacket or new T-shirts, for example.
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But the complexity lies with all of these extra items,
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the buttons, the zippers and the trim.
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Because in reality, these items are actually quite difficult to remove.
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So in many cases it requires more time or more money
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to disassemble a jacket like this.
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In some cases, it's just more cost-effective to throw it away
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rather than recycle it.
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But I think this can change if we design clothes in a modular way
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to be easily disassembled at the end of their lives.
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We could redesign this jacket to have a hidden wireframe,
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kind of like the skeleton of a fish, that holds all important items together.
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This invisible fish-bone structure can have all of these extra items,
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the zippers and the buttons and the trim,
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sewn into it and then attached to the fabric.
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So at the end of the jacket's life,
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all you have to do is remove its fish bone
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and the fabric comes with it
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a lot quicker and a lot easier than before.
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Now, recycling clothing is definitely one piece of the puzzle.
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But if we want to take
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fixing the environmental impact that the fashion industry has
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more seriously,
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then we need to take this to the next step and start to design clothes
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to also be compostable at the end of their lives.
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For most of the types of clothes we have in our closet
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the average lifespan is about three years.
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Now, I'm sure there's many of us that have gems in our drawers
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that are much older than that, which is great.
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Because being able to extend the life of a garment by even only nine months
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reduces the waste and water impact that that garment has
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by 20 to 30 percent.
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But fashion is fashion.
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Which means that styles are always going to change
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and you're probably going to be wearing something different than you were today
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eight seasons from now,
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no matter how environmentally friendly you want to be.
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But lucky for us, there are some items that never go out of style.
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I'm talking about your basics -- your socks, underwear, even your pajamas.
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We're all guilty of wearing these items right down to the bone,
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and in many cases throwing them in the garbage
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because it's really difficult
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to donate your old ratty socks that have holes in them
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to your local thrift store.
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But what if we were able to compost these items
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rather than throw them in the trash bin?
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The environmental savings could be huge,
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and all we would have to do is start to shift more of our resources
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to start to produce more of these items using more natural fibers,
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like 100 percent organic cotton.
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Now, recycling and composting are two critical priorities.
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But one other thing that we have to rethink
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is the way that we dye our clothes.
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Currently, 10 to 20 percent of the harsh chemical dye that we use
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end up in water bodies that neighbor production hubs in developing nations.
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The tricky thing is that these harsh chemicals
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are really effective at keeping a garment a specific color
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for a long period of time.
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It's these harsh chemicals that keep that bright red dress
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bright red for so many years.
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But what if we were able to use something different?
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What if we were able to use something
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that we all have in our kitchen cabinets at home
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to dye our clothes?
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What if we were able to use spices and herbs to dye our clothes?
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There's countless food options that would allow for us to stain material,
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but these stains change color over time.
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This would be pretty different than the clothes that were dyed harshly
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with chemicals that we're used to.
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But dyeing clothes naturally this way would allow for us
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to make sure they're more unique and environmentally friendlier.
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Let's think about it.
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Fashion today is all about individuality.
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It's about managing your own personal appearance
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to be just unique enough to be cool.
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These days, everybody has the ability to showcase their brand
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their personal style,
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across the world, through social media.
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The pocket-sized billboards
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that we flick through on our Instagram feeds
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are chock-full of models and taste-makers
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that are showcasing their individuality
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through their personal microbrands.
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But what could be more personalized, more unique,
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than clothes that change color over time?
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Clothes that with each wash and with each wear
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become more and more one of a kind.
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People have been buying and wearing ripped jeans for years.
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So this would just be another example of clothes that exist in our wardrobe
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that evolve with us over our lives.
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This shirt, for example, is one that,
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much to the dismay of my mother and the state of her kitchen,
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I dyed at home, using turmeric, before coming here today.
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This shirt is something
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that none of my friends are going to have on their Instagram feed.
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So it's unique,
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but more importantly, it's naturally dyed.
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Now, I'm not suggesting
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that everybody dye their clothes in their kitchen sink at home.
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But if we were able to apply this
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or a similar process on a commercial scale,
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then our need to rely on these harsh chemical dyes for our clothes
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could be easily reduced.
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The 2.4-trillion-dollar fashion industry is fiercely competitive.
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So the business that can provide a product at scale
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while also promising its customers
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that each and every garment will become more unique over time
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will have a serious competitive advantage.
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Brands have been playing with customization for years.
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The rise of e-commerce services,
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like Indochino, a bespoke suiting platform,
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and Tinker Tailor, a bespoke dress-making platform,
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have made customization possible from your couch.
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Nike and Adidas have been mastering their online shoe customization platforms
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for years.
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Providing individuality at scale
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is a challenge that most consumer-facing businesses encounter.
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So being able to tackle this
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while also providing an environmentally friendly product
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could lead to a pretty seismic industry shift.
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And at that point,
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it's not just about doing what's best for our environment
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but also what's best for the bottom line.
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There's no fix-all, and there's no one-step solution.
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But we can get started
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by designing clothes with their death in mind.
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The fashion industry is the perfect industry
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to experiment with and embrace change
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that can one day get us to the sustainable future
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we so desperately need.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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