The Ocean's Ingenious Climate Solutions | Susan Ruffo | TED Countdown

59,881 views ใƒป 2022-03-13

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Mohamed Salem
00:04
So what do you think of when you think of the ocean?
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ุงุฐู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŸ
00:07
Maybe you think of a visit to the beach
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ูƒ ุชููƒุฑ ุงู† ุชุฒูˆุฑ ุงู„ุดุงุทุฆ
00:09
or whales or sharks or coral reefs?
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ุงูˆ ุงู„ุญูŠุชุงู† ุงูˆุณู…ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุด ุงูˆุงู„ุดุนุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ
00:13
I think of this.
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ุงููƒุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
00:14
This is the San Juan Islands in Washington state.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌุฒุฑ ุณุงู† ุฌูˆู† ููŠ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†.
00:17
They jut out of an expanse of deep dark water,
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ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุฑุฒ ุงุชุณุงุน ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุธู„ู…ุฉุŒ
00:20
and they're filled with life and mystery and opportunity.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ู„ูˆุกุฉ ุจุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบู…ูˆุถ ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑุต.
00:23
But whatever you think of, the ocean is much more.
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ู„ูƒู† ุงูŠุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ ูุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงูƒุซุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ.
00:26
It is a complex physical, chemical and biological system
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ุงู†ู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆุญูŠูˆูŠ
00:30
that takes up 70 percent of our planet.
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ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุบุทูŠ 70% ู…ู† ูƒูˆูƒุจู†ุง
00:33
And yet we're still really just beginning to understand it.
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ูˆ ู†ุญู† ู…ุงุฒู„ู†ุง ุญู‚ุง ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู† ููŠ ูู‡ู…ู‡.
00:36
What we do know
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ู…ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡
00:37
is that the ocean is a vital part of our life support system on the planet.
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ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฌุฒุก ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ูŠุฏุนู… ู†ุธุงู… ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุงุฑุถ.
00:41
It produces at least 50 percent of the oxygen that we breathe.
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ูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠู‚ู„ ุนู† 50 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุชู†ูุณู‡.
00:44
So more than one in every two breaths.
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ุฅุฐู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูุณูŠู†.
00:47
It also regulates temperature for the planet.
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุธู… ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
00:50
So without the ocean, the poles would be unbearably cold
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุจุงู† ุจุงุฑุฏูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู„ุง ูŠุทุงู‚
00:53
and the equator would be unbearably hot,
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ูˆุฎุท ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุก ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงุฑู‹ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ู„ุง ูŠุทุงู‚ุŒ
00:55
and it would be a lot harder to live here.
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ูˆุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนูŠุด ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุตุนุจ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ.
00:58
Now we think about saving the ocean from plastic or from oil and oil spills
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ุงู„ุขู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูุท ูˆุงู†ุณูƒุงุจ ุงู„ู†ูุท
01:03
or from overfishing.
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ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌุงุฆุฑ.
01:05
But really, we should be thinking about how the ocean is saving us.
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุท.
01:09
And what is it saving us from?
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ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ู‚ุฐู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡ุŸ
01:12
It's saving us from the climate change that we are creating.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู†ู‚ุฐู†ุง ู…ู† ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุฎู„ู‚ู‡.
01:15
Essentially, ourselves.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุŒ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง.
01:19
And so what does that mean?
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ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
01:22
Basically, what we need to do is think about not how to save the ocean,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณุŒ ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ
01:28
but instead how the ocean can actually help us
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„
01:31
in this fight against climate change.
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ุถุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ.
01:33
Already, the ocean is absorbing 25 to 30 percent of the CO2
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ูŠู…ุชุต ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ูุนู„ 25 ุฅู„ู‰ 30 ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
01:38
that we release into the atmosphere.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุทู„ู‚ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ.
01:40
It is the world's largest carbon sink.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจุงู„ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
01:43
The ocean has also absorbed 90 percent of the excess heat
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ุงู…ุชุต ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง 90 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏุฉ
01:46
trapped by greenhouse gases.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุจุณู‡ุง ุบุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ุงุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ.
01:48
So it is basically helping to keep the planet habitable,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุตุงู„ุญู‹ุง ู„ู„ุณูƒู†
01:51
at least for now.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ.
01:53
And yet, when we think about climate action
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ
01:55
and climate strategies and climate plans,
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ูˆุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ูˆุฎุทุท ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎุŒ
01:57
we often overlook the ocean and leave it out,
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจู‹ุง ู…ุง ู†ุบูู„ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ูˆู†ุชุฑูƒู‡ ุจุนูŠุฏู‹ุงุŒ
02:00
because somehow we think that saving the ocean
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
02:02
is something else we have to do,
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ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุŒ
02:04
not a core part of our climate strategy.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† ุฅุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุชู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุฉ.
02:07
And that's what has to change
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡
02:09
because the ocean is a core part of our climate system,
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฌุฒุก ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู…ู† ู†ุธุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุŒ
02:13
and so it has to be a core part of our climate solutions.
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ูˆู„ุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ุฃุณุงุณูŠู‹ุง ู…ู† ุญู„ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุฉ.
02:16
So what does that actually mean?
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŸ
02:19
Well, for starters, we know that the ocean is already doing a lot for us.
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุจุชุฏุฆูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ู†ุง.
02:22
So the first thing we do need to do to save the ocean to save ourselves
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง
02:26
is to actually reduce emissions.
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ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุซุงุช.
02:30
I don't think anyone here would disagree with that.
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ู„ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ู‡ู†ุง ุณูŠุฎุชู„ู ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ.
02:33
But that still sounds like the ocean is a victim in the story,
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูƒุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ู‡ูˆ ุถุญูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉุŒ
02:36
and really the ocean can and should be a hero in this story.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุทู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
02:39
The ocean can provide us with solutions to help us reduce those emissions,
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฃู† ูŠุฒูˆุฏู†ุง ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุซุงุชุŒ
02:44
and it can also help us to adapt
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒูŠู
02:47
to this new climate reality that we've created.
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ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุดุฃู†ุงู‡.
02:50
So how does that happen?
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ููƒูŠู ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:54
Well, essentially the first thing we need to do
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡
02:56
is to make sure that we keep all of these systems working
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุจู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุชุนู…ู„
02:59
and protect the systems that are protecting us.
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ูˆู†ุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญู…ูŠู†ุง.
03:02
Because all of that CO2 and heat that the ocean is absorbing
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ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ุชุตู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
03:06
is actually coming at a cost.
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ุชุฃุชูŠ ุจุชูƒู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
03:09
The ocean is warming and rising and acidifying,
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ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุขุฎุฐ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูˆุงู„ุญู…ูˆุถุฉุŒ
03:13
and we even have evidence now
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุขู†
03:15
that we're changing the basic circulation of the ocean,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ
03:18
which changes the way it regulates temperature.
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ู…ู…ุง ูŠุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู†ุธู… ุจู‡ุง ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ.
03:22
So the first thing we need to do is really just protect those systems
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ
03:25
that are protecting us.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญู…ูŠู†ุง.
03:28
But how do we more actively engage the ocean
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒูŠู ู†ุดุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู†ุดุงุทู‹ุง
03:30
in our climate strategies?
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ููŠ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุฉุŸ
03:32
What can we do to really use the ocean to help us reduce emissions
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุญู‚ู‹ุง ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุง ููŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุซุงุช
03:36
and to adapt to the impacts of climate change?
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ูˆุงู„ุชูƒูŠู ู…ุน ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎุŸ
03:38
What does that practically look like?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุŸ
03:40
Well, we know that coastal ocean ecosystems
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุธู… ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช
03:42
like mangroves or seagrasses or salt marshes
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ุงู†ุบุฑูˆู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนุดุงุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู†ู‚ุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุญุฉ
03:45
are some of the most effective carbon sinks on the planet.
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ู‡ูŠ ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃุญูˆุงุถ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
03:48
Acre for acre, they can absorb 10 times more carbon than a forest on land.
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ูุฏุงู† ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ูุฏุงู†ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† 10 ู…ุฑุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุบุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
03:54
And that carbon is very deep in the soils
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ
03:56
so that it can stay there for thousands of years
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู†
03:59
if we leave it undisturbed.
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ุฅุฐุง ุชุฑูƒู†ุงู‡ ุฏูˆู† ุฅุฒุนุงุฌ.
04:01
The problem is that weโ€™re not leaving it undisturbed;
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ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุชุฑูƒู‡ุง ุฏูˆู† ุนุงุฆู‚.
04:03
we are destroying these places.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุฏู…ุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†.
04:05
Weโ€™ve lost 20 to 50 percent of them already,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูู‚ุฏู†ุง 20 ุฅู„ู‰ 50 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ
04:08
and we lose more every year.
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ูˆู†ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ูƒู„ ุนุงู….
04:09
And all of that is creating emissions.
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ูˆูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู†ุจุนุงุซุงุช.
04:13
But if we protect those places, then those emissions stop.
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ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ุŒ ูุนู†ุฏุฆุฐ ุณุชุชูˆู‚ู ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุซุงุช.
04:17
Just like if you shut off a coal-fired power plant.
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ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุงู„ูุญู….
04:20
And if we restore those places,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุนุฏู†ุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ุŒ
04:22
then we can actually absorb even more carbon.
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ููŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†.
04:27
But the power of the ocean isn't limited just to reducing emissions.
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ู„ูƒู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ู„ุง ุชู‚ุชุตุฑ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุจุนุงุซุงุช.
04:30
The ocean can also help us to adapt to the impacts of climate change
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฃู† ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒูŠู ู…ุน ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุงุช ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ
04:34
we already feel
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุดุนุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„
04:35
and that we know will be here with us for decades.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนู†ุง ู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏ.
04:39
Those same mangroves can actually protect coastal communities
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุญู…ูŠ ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู†ุบุฑูˆู ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ูŠุฉ
04:43
by buffering them against more intense coastal storms
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงุตู ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ
04:47
and slowing wind and waves.
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ูˆุชุจุงุทุค ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงุฌ.
04:50
Another example, oysters.
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ู…ุซุงู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑ.
04:53
In New York City, they're using oysters
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ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒุŒ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑ
04:55
to help reduce the risk of major floods and flood damage
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ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงู„ููŠุถุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ูˆุฃุถุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ููŠุถุงู†ุงุช
04:59
like they saw during Superstorm Sandy in 2012.
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ูƒู…ุง ุฑุฃูˆุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุงุตูุฉ ุณุงู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2012.
05:02
The idea is that these reefs form dense places
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ูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุนุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุดูƒู„ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูƒุซูŠูุฉ
05:06
that force water through nooks and crannies that slow it down.
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ุชุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุดู‚ูˆู‚ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุจุทุฆู‡ุง.
05:10
So by the time it hits the shore,
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ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุตุทุฏู… ููŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุดุงุทุฆุŒ
05:11
it actually has less power and therefore can do less damage.
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุถุฑุฑ ุฃู‚ู„.
05:15
And at the same time, they're creating aquatic parks
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ุญุฏุงุฆู‚ ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ
05:18
and places where people can gather and be with nature.
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ูˆุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุน ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ.
05:22
Because the truth is that in this new climate reality that we've created,
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู†ุดุฃู†ุงู‡ุŒ
05:26
we will have to learn how to live with water and with the ocean
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ุณูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠุด ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
05:29
in new ways.
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ุจุทุฑู‚ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
05:31
And so what better ways to do that than with the creatures
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช
05:34
that actually have evolved to live in these land and sea interfaces?
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู„ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุฌู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจุญุฑูŠุฉุŸ
05:40
And these are real solutions that are being implemented in real places
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุชู†ููŠุฐู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
05:43
based on what we know about the ocean now.
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ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุขู†.
05:46
And yet the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association
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ูˆู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช ูˆุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ
05:49
of the United States
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
05:51
estimates that 80 percent of the ocean is unmapped,
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ุฃู† 80 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑู‘ูุฉ
05:54
unexplored and unobserved.
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ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชูƒุดูุฉ ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ุง.
05:57
So there is so much more out there that we could be doing
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡
06:00
and thinking about as climate solutions,
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ูˆุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ูƒุญู„ูˆู„ ู…ู†ุงุฎูŠุฉุŒ
06:02
and so much that we're just still getting our imaginations around.
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ูˆู…ุง ุฒู„ู†ุง ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุตูˆุฑุงุชู†ุง.
06:06
For example,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
06:07
what if we could actually harness the power
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุชุณุฎูŠุฑ ู‚ูˆุฉ
06:09
of the ocean's wind and waves and tides to produce power?
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ุฑูŠุงุญ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉุŸ
06:14
The International Energy Agency estimates
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ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ูˆูƒุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ
06:17
that offshore wind alone could produce enough energy for the Earth
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ุงู„ุจุญุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู†ุชุฌ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถ
06:21
and 17 other planets, carbon-free.
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ูˆ 17 ูƒูˆูƒุจู‹ุง ุขุฎุฑ ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†.
06:25
And at the same time,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู†ูุณู‡ุŒ
06:26
we could actually be providing power to coastal communities and islands
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ
06:29
that don't benefit from our current grids and systems.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ุดุจูƒุงุชู†ุง ูˆุฃู†ุธู…ุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ.
06:33
And if we're really smart about it,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ุฃุฐูƒูŠุงุก ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุญูŠุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
06:34
we can plan and design these systems so that we're creating artificial reefs
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ููŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุฎุทูŠุท ูˆุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ู†ุตู†ุน ุดุนุงุจู‹ุง ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุฉ
06:39
that could support wildlife and aquaculture
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุฏุนู… ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ
06:43
and help us grow food and sequester carbon
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ูˆุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ูˆุนุฒู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
06:46
and actually help the ocean instead of harm it.
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ูˆุชุณุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฅู„ุญุงู‚ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุจู‡.
06:49
Or what if we could harness more of the ocean's biological power
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุชุณุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช
06:53
to help us in this fight against climate change?
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ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ุถุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎุŸ
06:56
For example, kelp.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ุนุดุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ.
06:58
Kelp is one of the fastest-growing organisms on the planet.
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ุนุดุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุณุฑุน ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุญูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
07:00
It can grow two feet per day.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู†ู…ูˆ ู‚ุฏู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
07:03
What if we could actually restore the world's kelp forests
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุชู…ูƒู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู…ู† ุงุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ุบุงุจุงุช ุนุดุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
07:07
and actually grow kelp at a scale
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ูˆุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุนุดุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚
07:09
that we could use all of that growing power
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏุฉ
07:11
to help us sequester carbon?
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ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู†ุง ููŠ ุนุฒู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุŸ
07:13
Now, that's likely to be a lot cheaper
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฑุฎุต ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
07:15
than trying to deploy human-made technologies
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ู…ู† ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู†ุดุฑ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
07:18
out into the middle of the ocean
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ููŠ ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
07:19
to sequester carbon.
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ู„ุนุฒู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†.
07:21
And it's likely to be a lot less risky than changing the ocean's chemistry
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
07:25
or engineering the ocean,
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ุฃูˆ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ
07:27
because we'd actually be working with the natural systems
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุณู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
07:29
instead of against them.
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ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุชู‡ุง.
07:31
And we'd probably have a lot of kelp left over
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุนุดุจ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠ
07:35
that we could use to feed ourselves and feed animals
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ุฅุทุนุงู… ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ูˆุฅุทุนุงู… ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช
07:37
and create plastic alternatives
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ูˆุฅู†ุดุงุก ุจุฏุงุฆู„ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ
07:39
that would also help us to lower our footprint on the planet.
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ุชุณุงุนุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุจุตู…ุชู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ.
07:43
And this is just a sampler of the types of solutions
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„
07:46
that the ocean has to offer for the climate crisis.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ.
07:50
The key is that we have to think about the ocean as a source of solutions
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ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ูƒู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ู„ุญู„ูˆู„
07:53
that we can be using and enlist it in this fight.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูˆู†ุฌู†ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ.
07:58
And these aren't easy solutions.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ุญู„ูˆู„ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ.
08:00
The time for that has passed.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู…ุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ุฐู„ูƒ.
08:01
We don't have any easy solutions left.
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ู„ู… ูŠุชุจู‚ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ.
08:04
And these aren't excuses for not doing other things,
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฃุนุฐุงุฑ ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
08:07
these are not silver bullets.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฑุตุงุตุงุช ูุถูŠุฉ.
08:09
So we still have to do the hard work
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุฌุจ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุงู‚
08:10
of reducing and getting rid of fossil fuels,
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ู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฃุญููˆุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ
08:13
and we still have to do the hard work of making sure
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ูŠุชุนูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุงุฏ ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ
08:15
that the most vulnerable among us will be able to adapt and thrive
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ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุถุนูุงู‹ ุจูŠู†ู†ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒูŠู ูˆุงู„ุงุฒุฏู‡ุงุฑ
08:20
in the new climate reality.
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ููŠ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ.
08:22
But the ocean is a powerful source of solutions
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠ ู„ู„ุญู„ูˆู„
08:24
that we've overlooked for far too long.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
08:27
And so we need to think
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ูˆู„ุฐุง ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ
08:29
about how we really integrate it into our strategies now.
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ููŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฏู…ุฌู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†.
08:33
And that comes down to a fundamental change in mindset,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ูŠุฉุŒ
08:36
which is instead of thinking about how we save the ocean,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ
08:39
we should be thinking about how we can help the ocean save us.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ููŠ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐู†ุง.
08:43
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ ู„ูƒู….
08:44
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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