The tragedy of the one guy who was right about the Trojan Horse - Noah Charney

415,033 views ・ 2024-08-22

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:07
For ten grueling years, the Greeks laid siege to Troy,
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Tokom deset iscrpljujućih godina, Grci su držali Troju pod opsadom,
00:11
scattering ships and encampments across the city's shores.
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razmeštajući brodove i logore duž gradskih obala.
00:15
But as the Trojans awoke for another day of battle,
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Međutim, kada su se Trojanci probudili za još jedan borbeni dan,
00:18
they found their enemies had vanished overnight—
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otkrili su da su im neprijatelji preko noći nestali —
00:22
leaving behind only an enormous wooden horse.
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jedino ostavljajući za sobom ogromnog drvenog konja.
00:26
Seeing this as a symbol of the Greek’s surrender,
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Shvativši ovo kao simbol predaje Grka,
00:29
the soldiers dragged their prize into the city and began to celebrate.
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vojnici su dovukli svoj plen unutar grada i počeli su da slave.
00:34
But one Trojan wasn't happy.
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Međutim, jedan Trojanac nije bio srećan.
00:36
Laocoön, a seer and priest, was deeply suspicious of the Greek gift.
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Laokoon, prorok i sveštenik, bio je krajnje sumnjičav zbog grčkog dara.
00:42
He reminded his fellow Trojans of their enemy’s reputation for trickery,
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Podsetio je braću Trojance na reputaciju njihovih neprijatelja kao varalica,
00:47
and cautioned them not to accept this strange offering.
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i upozorio ih je da ne prihvataju ovaj neobični poklon.
00:52
The crowd jeered at his warning, but Laocoön was undeterred.
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Rulja je ismejala njegovo upozorenje, ali Laokoon se nije pokolebao.
00:56
He forced his way to the wooden beast and thrust his sword into its belly.
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Progurao se do drvene zveri i hitnuo mač u njenu utrobu.
01:01
Yet his blade drew no blood.
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No, njegova oštrica nije prosula krv.
01:03
And if there were men shifting inside,
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A ukoliko su se ljudi meškoljili unutra,
01:06
Laocoön couldn't hear them over the crowd.
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Laokoon ih nije mogao čuti od rulje.
01:09
Still grim with foreboding, Laocoön retreated home
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I dalje snužden zbog slutnje, Laokoon se povukao u kuću
01:13
and enlisted his sons in preparing a sacrifice to the gods.
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i uposlio je sinove da pripreme žrtvu bogovima.
01:17
But his fate— and that of his fellow Trojans— was already sealed.
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Njegova sudbina pak -- i sudbina njegove trojanske braće -- već je bila zapečaćena.
01:23
The gods had decided to grant the Greeks victory
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Bogovi su odlučili da Grcima dodele pobedu
01:26
by ensuring the success of their scheme to infiltrate Troy.
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tako što su obezbedili uspeh njihovoj intrigi infiltriranja u Troju.
01:30
And Poseidon sought to punish the priest for threatening that plan.
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A Posejdon je zahtevao da kazni sveštenika jer je ugrozio taj plan.
01:35
Two great serpents emerged from the sea’s rolling waves
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Dve velike zmije su se pojavile iz kotrljajućih morskih talasa
01:39
and descended on Laocoön and his sons.
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i spustile su se na Laokoona i njegove sinove.
01:42
The seer’s violent death went unnoticed amidst the celebrations.
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Nasilna smrt proroka je prošla neprimećeno usred slavlja.
01:47
But, that night, when tragedy struck,
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Međutim, te noći, kada je izbila tragedija,
01:50
the Trojans finally remembered the old priest’s warning.
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Trojanci su se konačno setili upozorenja starog sveštenika.
01:54
Laocoön's tragic tale inspired countless retellings across the ancient world.
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Laokoonova tragična priča je inspirisala bezbrojne verzije širom antičkog sveta.
02:00
Virgil describes the seer’s demise in his epic poem “The Aeneid,”
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Vergilije je opisao prorokovu propast u epu „Enejida”,
02:05
and Sophocles composed an entire play about the ill-fated priest.
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a Sofokle je napisao čitavu dramu o svešteniku kobne sudbine.
02:10
However, his most famous and influential depiction
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Međutim, njegov najčuveniji i najuticajniji prikaz
02:14
is a marble statue called “Laocoön and His Sons.”
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je mermerna skulptura naslovljena „Laokoon i njegovi sinovi”.
02:18
Likely carved by a trio of artists from Rhodes,
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Najverovatnije su je isklesala tri umetnika sa Rodosa,
02:22
the exact origins of this piece remain mysterious,
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a tačno poreklo ovog dela ostaje tajanstveno,
02:26
with current theories dating its creation anywhere from 200 BCE to 68 CE.
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trenutne teorije datiraju njegov nastanak bilo kad između 200. p.n.e. i 68. n.e.
02:33
Whenever it was made,
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Kad god da je napravljena,
02:35
this sculpture remains the epitome of the Hellenistic Baroque style.
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skulptura ostaje oličenje helenističkog baroknog stila.
02:39
But even within a tradition known for its dramatic facial expressions
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Međutim, čak i unutar tradicije čuvene po dramatičnim izrazima lica
02:43
and contorted figures,
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i izvijenim figurama,
02:45
no other piece in this style comes close to the intensity
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nijedno drugo delo u ovom stilu nije ni blizu po intenzitetu
02:49
of “Laocoön and His Sons.”
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„Laokoonu i njegovim sinovima”.
02:52
The nearly life-sized figures are writhing in agony,
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Figure, gotovo u prirodnoj veličini, grče se u agoniji,
02:56
straining to untangle massive snakes from their limbs.
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naprežući se da odmotaju ogromne zmije sa svojih udova.
03:00
Their faces are packed with desperation and hopelessness,
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Lica su im ispunjena očajem i beznađem,
03:04
yet Laocoön’s expression is fiercely determined to resist.
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pa ipak, Laokoonov izraz lica je žestoko odlučan da se odupre.
03:09
The scene is also uniquely brutal—
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Scena je i naročito svirepa—
03:12
paused precisely as the serpent’s venomous jaws are about to bite down.
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zamrznuta je baš kada se zmijska otrovna čeljust sprema da zagrize.
03:17
Displayed as the centerpiece of Emperor Nero’s Domus Aurea palace complex,
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Izloženo kao centralni ukras u palati Zlatna kuća cara Nerona,
03:22
this gruesome sculpture was one of the most talked about artworks of its time.
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ova jeziva skulptura je bila jedna od najpopularnijih umetnina svog vremena.
03:28
Renowned Roman writer Pliny the Elder even went so far as to call it
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Čuveni rimski pisac Plinije Stariji je otišao toliko daleko da ju je nazvao:
03:33
“preferable to any other production of the art of painting or of statuary.”
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„omiljenom u odnosu na sva druga slikarska i vajarska dela.”
03:39
Unfortunately, the statue was lost
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Nažalost, kip je izgubljen
03:42
when Domus Aurea was consumed by fire in 109 CE.
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kada je izbio požar u Zlatnoj kući 109. n.e.
03:47
But Laocoön's tale was far from finished.
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Međutim, Laokoonova priča nije ni približno bila gotova.
03:50
In 1506, Michelangelo Buonarotti— then the most famous sculptor in Rome—
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Godine 1506, Mikelanđelo Buonaroti— tada najčuveniji rimski vajar—
03:57
received a message that Pope Julius II had unearthed something marvelous.
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primio je poruku da je Papa Julije II iskopao nešto veličanstveno.
04:03
Even caked with dirt, “Laocoön and His Sons” astonished Michelangelo.
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Čak i umrljani blatom, „Laokoon i njegovi sinovi” su zapanjili Mikelanđela.
04:09
The dramatic musculature was over-the-top,
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Dramatična muskulatura je bila preterana,
04:12
but all the more powerful for being so extreme.
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ali samim tim još upečatljivija jer je bila toliko ekstremna.
04:16
And the curving shapes of its serpent and human figures
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A isklesani oblici zmijske i ljudskih figura
04:20
drew his eyes in constant motion.
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su terali njegove oči da se neprekidno kreću.
04:23
Pope Julius prominently displayed the piece at the Vatican,
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Papa Julije je izložio komad na istaknuto mesto u Vatikanu,
04:26
but its influence on Michelangelo is what made the statue truly famous.
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ali je njen uticaj na Mikelanđela razlog zašto je statua postala istinski poznata.
04:31
The sculpture's emotive, exaggerated elements transformed his approach
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Emotivni, prenaglašeni elementi skulpture su izmenili njegov pristup
04:36
to representing the human body.
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prikazivanja ljudskog tela.
04:39
His paintings and sculptures began to feature contorted poses,
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Njegove slike i skulpture su počele da primaju obrise izvijenih poza,
04:43
referred to as “figura serpentinata,” meaning snake-like shapes.
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koje su nazivane „figura serpentinata”, u značenju oblici nalik zmijskom.
04:49
And his celebrated work in the Sistine Chapel
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A njegov proslavljeni rad u Sikstinskoj kapeli
04:52
centered on muscular, hyperextended figures.
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se zasnivao na mišićavim, izrazito istegnutim figurama.
04:56
Soon, Michelangelo’s new style sparked an entire artistic movement
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Uskoro je novi Mikelanđelov stil pokrenuo celokupan umetnički pokret
05:01
called Mannerism—
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nazvan manirizam—
05:03
influencing artists throughout the 1500s to exaggerate and twist human bodies
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utičući na umetnike tokom 1500-ih da preuveličavaju i izvrću ljudska tela
05:09
for dramatic effect.
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zarad dramskog efekta.
05:11
Since artists of the Renaissance revered ancient Greco-Roman art above all else,
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Kako su umetnici renesanse uvažavali antičku grčko-rimsku kulturu iznad drugih,
05:17
perhaps it’s not surprising that “Laocoön and His Sons” made such a large impact.
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verovatno ne čudi da su „Laokoon i njegovi sinovi” izvršili tako veliki uticaj.
05:22
But not even the real Laocoön could have predicted that his likeness
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Međutim, čak ni stvarni Laokoon nije mogao da predvidi da će njegov lik
05:27
would become one of the most influential sculptures ever made.
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postati jedna od najuticajnijih skulptura ikada napravljenih.
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