The rights you might not realize you have - Shannon Odell

484,899 views ・ 2023-12-07

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sora Hwang κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
Since 2015, an unprecedented movement has been sweeping courts around the world.
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2015λ…„λΆ€ν„° μ „λ‘€ μ—†λŠ” μ›€μ§μž„μ΄ μ „ 세계 법원을 νœ©μ“Έκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
Groups of young plaintiffs, some as young as 7,
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일곱 μ‚΄μ§œλ¦¬ 어린이도 μžˆλŠ” μ Šμ€ μ›κ³ λ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ 단체듀이
00:16
are suing their governments for their inaction on tackling climate change.
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ°©κ΄€ν•˜λŠ” μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μƒλŒ€λ‘œ μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
For example, in the winter of 2018,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 2018λ…„ 겨울,
00:24
25 young Colombians, including Indigenous youths,
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원주민 μ²­μ†Œλ…„μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ½œλ‘¬λΉ„μ•„ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€ 25λͺ…이
00:28
sued their government for failing to reduce deforestation in the Amazon
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μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄μ˜ μ‚Όλ¦Ό λ²Œμ±„λ₯Ό 쀄이지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³  κΈ°ν›„ 약속을 μ§€ν‚€μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 이유둜
00:32
and falling short on climate promises.
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μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μƒλŒ€λ‘œ μ†Œμ†‘μ„ μ œκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
This suit, as well as others,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ†Œμ†‘κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ, 이 μ†Œμ†‘μ€ 파괴적인 ν™˜κ²½ 정책이
00:37
argued that destructive environmental policies
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00:40
put the plaintiffs’ current and future lives at risk.
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μ›κ³ λ“€μ˜ ν˜„μž¬μ™€ 미래의 생λͺ…을 μœ„ν—˜μ— λΉ λœ¨λ¦°λ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Climate inaction violates their basic human rightsβ€”
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κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ 방관은 μ΄λ“€μ˜ 기본적 인ꢌ,
00:47
specifically the right to a healthy environment, health, food, and water.
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특히 κ±΄κ°•ν•œ ν™˜κ²½, 건강, μ‹λŸ‰, 물에 λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό μΉ¨ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
But what do human rights have to do with the environment?
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그런데 인ꢌ과 ν™˜κ²½μ€ μ–΄λ–€ 관련이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:56
Do you have the right to breathe clean air?
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κΉ¨λ—ν•œ 곡기λ₯Ό μˆ¨μ‰΄ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:59
To live in a world with white rhinos, polar bears, and lemur leaf frogs?
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ν°μ½”λΏ”μ†Œ, 뢁극곰, 레무λ₯΄μžŽκ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬κ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ μ‚΄ κΆŒλ¦¬λŠ”μš”?
01:04
What about the right to mangroves and coral reefs?
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λ§Ήκ·Έλ‘œλΈŒμ™€ μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆλŠ”μš”?
01:08
The first international document to outline human rights
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졜초둜 μΈκΆŒμ„ κ·œμ •ν•œ ꡭ제 λ¬Έμ„œλŠ”
01:11
was adopted by the newly-formed United Nations in 1948,
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μ‹ μ„€λœ μœ μ—”μ—μ„œ 1948년에 μ œμ •λμœΌλ©°
01:16
against the backdrop of two world wars marked by countless atrocities
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λ¬΄μˆ˜ν•œ μž”ν˜Ή ν–‰μœ„μ™€ μ•Όλ§Œμ μΈ ν–‰μœ„λ‘œ 얼룩진
두 μ°¨λ‘€ 세계 λŒ€μ „μ˜ μ—¬νŒŒλ‘œ μ±„νƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
and barbaric acts.
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01:23
This document, known as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
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이 λ¬Έμ„œλŠ” μ„Έκ³„μΈκΆŒμ„ μ–Έ, λ˜λŠ” UDHR둜 μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있으며,
01:27
or UDHR,
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01:28
describes the inherent freedoms that belong to all people,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ†ν•œ κ³ μœ ν•œ μžμœ λ‘œμ„œ
01:32
no matter who they are or where they live, and which can't be granted or revoked.
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ“ , 어디에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ“  μ£Όκ±°λ‚˜ 뺏을 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  κ·œμ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
It establishes rights like freedom of thought,
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μ‚¬μƒμ˜ μžμœ μ™€ 같은 ꢌ리,
01:40
political liberties like the right to a fair trial,
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κ³΅μ •ν•œ μž¬νŒμ„ 받을 ꢌ리 같은 μ •μΉ˜μ  ꢌ리,
01:42
and socioeconomic and cultural rights,
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μ μ ˆν•œ 주거와 의료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό 받을 κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ 같은
01:45
like the right to adequate housing and healthcare.
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μ‚¬νšŒ 경제적, 문화적 ꢌ리λ₯Ό κ·œμ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
While the UDHR itself is non-binding,
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UDHR μžμ²΄λŠ” ꡬ속λ ₯이 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ,
01:52
its formation gave people an internationally recognized set
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ꡭ제적으둜 μΈμ •λ°›λŠ” μœ€λ¦¬μ™€ 기쀀을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λ©°,
01:56
of ethics and standards,
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01:58
and laid the foundation for human rights law.
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μΈκΆŒλ²•μ˜ 기초λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ ¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
And since 1948, these liberties have been woven into international treaties,
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1948λ…„ 이래둜 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μžμœ λŠ”
ꡭ제 μ‘°μ•½, ν—Œλ²•κ³Ό 법λ₯ μ— μ„žμ—¬ λ“€μ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:06
constitutions, and laws,
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02:08
meaning that countries have opted to uphold and protect them.
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즉, ꡭ가듀이 이λ₯Ό μ§€ν‚€κ³  λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν•œ 것이죠.
02:12
As a result, countless individual human rights struggles and movements
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 개인의 인ꢌ 투쟁과 μš΄λ™μ΄
02:17
have been granted legitimacy and a legal basis for pursuing justice.
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μ •μ˜λ₯Ό 좔ꡬ할 법적 근거와 합법성을 μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
The UDHR makes no mention of nature, biodiversity, or climate.
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UDHR은 μžμ—°, 생물 λ‹€μ–‘μ„± λ˜λŠ” κΈ°ν›„λŠ” μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
These rights, instead, first took hold at the national level.
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λŒ€μ‹  μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬λŠ” κ΅­κ°€ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 처음으둜 자리λ₯Ό μž‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
Many countries within the Global South,
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μ €κ°œλ°œκ΅­μ— μ†ν•œ λ§Žμ€ ꡭ가듀은
02:32
often influenced by Indigenous laws and worldviews,
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ν”νžˆ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 법과 μ„Έκ³„κ΄€μ˜ 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•„
02:36
incorporated the right to a healthy environment into their constitutions
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό ν—Œλ²•κ³Ό μ§€μ—­ 쑰약에 ν†΅ν•©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
and regional treaties.
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02:42
Soon, human rights advocates were calling on the rest of the world
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곧이어 인ꢌ μ˜Ήν˜Έμžλ“€μ€ μ „ 세계와 μœ μ—”μ—λ„
02:45
and the United Nations to recognize this right as well.
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이 ꢌ리λ₯Ό 인정할 것을 μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
Many argued that the very principles of the UDHR
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ UDHR의 μ›μΉ™λ“€μ—λŠ”
02:53
depend on access to healthy ecosystems.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Each year, millions of people die from air and water pollution.
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λ§€λ…„ 수백만 λͺ…이 λŒ€κΈ° μ˜€μ—Όμ΄λ‚˜ 수질 μ˜€μ—ΌμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
Declining pollinator populations threaten basic food security.
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μˆ˜λΆ„ 맀개체 개체 수의 κ°μ†ŒλŠ” 기본적인 μ‹λŸ‰ μ•ˆλ³΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν˜‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
And the loss of coastal habitats has left millions exposed to greater risks
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ν•΄μ•ˆ μ„œμ‹μ§€κ°€ μ‚¬λΌμ§€λ©΄μ„œ
수백만 λͺ…이 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ ν™μˆ˜μ™€ νƒœν’μœΌλ‘œ 더 큰 μœ„ν—˜μ— λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
from destructive floods and hurricanes.
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03:14
Protecting this right is more urgent now than ever before.
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이제 이 ꢌ리λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 것이 κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ μ‹œκΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
Climate change is causing more frequent heatwaves, longer droughts,
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ 인해 폭염이 더 자주 λ°œμƒν•˜κ³ 
가뭄이 κΈΈμ–΄μ§€λ©° μ‚°λΆˆμ΄ 더 심해지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
and more destructive wildfires.
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03:24
Without rapid and significant change, the planet is at risk of mass extinction,
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μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ³  큰 λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄, μ§€κ΅¬μ—λŠ” λŒ€λ©Έμ’… μœ„ν—˜μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
which could wipe out a quarter of the world’s biodiversity by 2100.
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2100λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μ „ 세계 μƒλ¬Όμ˜ 4λΆ„μ˜ 1이 μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
Such losses to natural ecosystems would likely have disastrous knockoff effects,
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μžμ—° μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 손싀은 μž¬μ•™μ μΈ ν”Όν•΄λ‘œ 이어져
03:40
further threatening food supplies, destroying livelihoods,
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μ‹λŸ‰ 곡급을 λ”μš± μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜κ³ , 생계 μˆ˜λ‹¨μ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ©°,
03:43
and leaving humanity more vulnerable to disease.
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인λ₯˜κ°€ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— 더 μ‰½κ²Œ 걸리게 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
Thankfully, momentum is building.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ 여건이 κ°–μΆ°μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Today, over 150 countries and jurisdictions
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ν˜„μž¬ 150개 이상 ꡭ가와 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ
03:53
have enshrined the right to a healthy environment into national legislation.
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κ±΄κ°•ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό 법λ₯ μ— λͺ…μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
On April 5th, 2018,
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2018λ…„ 4μ›” 5일,
04:00
the Colombian Supreme Court ruled in favor of the young plaintiffs,
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μ½œλ‘¬λΉ„μ•„ λŒ€λ²•μ›μ€ μ Šμ€ μ›κ³ λ“€μ—κ²Œ μŠΉμ†Œ νŒκ²°μ„ λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
finding that the government was legally obliged to reduce deforestation
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ ν˜„μž¬μ™€ 미래 μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ ꢌ리λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:09
and greenhouse gas emissions
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μ‚Όλ¦Ό λ²Œμ±„μ™€ μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ λ°°μΆœμ„ 쀄일 법적 μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  νŒκ²°ν•œ 것이죠.
04:11
in order to protect the rights of present and future generations.
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04:15
This case and similar historic wins by young people
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이 사건, 그리고 이와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ‚¬κ±΄μ—μ„œ
04:18
in the courts of the Netherlands, Germany, and the US
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λ„€λœλž€λ“œ, 독일, λ―Έκ΅­ λ²•μ›μ—μ„œ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ κ±°λ‘” 역사적인 μŠΉμ†ŒλŠ”
04:22
has inspired others to take up the cause.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ 계기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
As of the summer of 2023,
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2023λ…„ μ—¬λ¦„κΉŒμ§€
04:27
a wave of more than 2,000 human rights-based environmental cases
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μΈκΆŒμ„ 근거둜 ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ μ†Œμ†‘ 2,000건 이상이
04:32
have been filed across the globe.
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μ œκΈ°λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
And this number is likely to grow.
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그리고 이 μˆ«μžλŠ” 더 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
In 2022, an overwhelming majority of UN General Assembly states came together
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2022λ…„μ—λŠ” μœ μ—” 총회 νšŒμ›κ΅­ 쀑 압도적인 λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€
κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ³  κ±΄κ°•ν•˜λ©° 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꢌ리λ₯Ό μΈμ •ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:43
to keep human rights aligned to a changing world
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04:46
by recognizing the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment.
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λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 세계에 맞좰 μΈκΆŒμ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νž˜μ„ λͺ¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
It will take unprecedented global cooperation
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μ „λ‘€ μ—†λŠ” ꡭ제 ν˜‘λ ₯이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό
04:54
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, stop deforestation,
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μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ λ°°μΆœμ„ 쀄이고 μ‚Όλ¦Ό λ²Œμ±„λ₯Ό 막고
04:57
and keep our waterways clean.
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수둜λ₯Ό κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ²Œ μœ μ§€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
These court cases are a powerful first step to hold governments accountable
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이런 μ†Œμ†‘μ€ 정뢀에 μ±…μž„μ„ 묻고
미래 μ„ΈλŒ€μ—κ²Œ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ κΉ¨λ—ν•œ 곡기λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹œκ³ 
05:04
and to give future generations a better chance to breathe clean air,
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흰 μ½”λΏ”μ†Œ, 뢁극곰과 μ‚°ν˜Έμ΄ˆκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ μ‚΄
05:08
and live in a world with white rhinos, polar bears, and coral reefs
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기회λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ²«κ±ΈμŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
for years to come.
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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