This one weird trick will get you infinite gold - Dan Finkel

1,390,639 views ・ 2023-03-28

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyeryung Kim κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:06
Well, you're in a real pickle.
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당신은 큰 곀경에 λΉ μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:08
You see, a few years ago, the king decided your life would be forfeit
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λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 왕이 λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ μžƒκ³  μ‹Άμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
00:12
unless you tripled the gold coins in his treasury.
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κΈˆκ³ μ— μžˆλŠ” κΈˆν™”λ₯Ό μ„Έ 배둜 λΆˆλ €λ†“μœΌλΌ ν–ˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
00:15
Fortunately for you, a strange little man appeared
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ μ΄μƒν•œ λ‚œμŸμ΄κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ„œ
00:18
and magically performed the feat.
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마술처럼 일을 λ§ˆμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
He placed handfuls of coins in and out of a magical bag,
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λ§ˆλ²• μžλ£¨μ— κΈˆν™” ν•œ 움큼을 λ„£μ—ˆλ‹€ λΉΌκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
00:25
and sang a strange rhyme:
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μ΄μƒν•œ 주문을 μ™Έμ› μ£ .
00:28
β€œThe more gold goes in and more comes out, as sure as I am me.
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β€œλ” 많이 λ„£μœΌλ©΄ 더 많이 λ‚˜μ˜€λ¦¬λΌ.
이 λͺΈμ΄ λ‚˜μΈ κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ.
00:32
And in again, and out again, and now it’s it times three!”
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€κ³  λ‹€μ‹œ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³  이제 μ„Έ λ°°κ°€ λ˜μ–΄λΌ!”
00:38
Incredibly, that tripled the coins and saved your life.
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ κΈˆν™”κ°€ μ„Έ 배둜 λΆˆμ–΄λ‚˜ λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ μ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
Were you grateful? Yes. Were you desperate? Yes.
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κ³ λ§™λ‚˜μš”? λ„€.
μ ˆλ§ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”? λ„€.
00:45
Did you promise him your first-born child in exchange for his help? Yes.
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ 도움 받은 λŒ€κ°€λ‘œ 첫 아이λ₯Ό λ°”μΉ˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?
λ„€...
00:51
Fast forward to today.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 흘러 그날이 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
No sooner have you given birth to a beautiful baby boy
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κ·€μ—¬μš΄ 아듀이 νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μžλ§ˆμž
00:56
than the little man shows up to claim his prize.
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κ³§ λ‚œμŸμ΄κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ λŒ€κ°€λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν–ˆμ£ .
00:59
You cry and beg him not to take the baby.
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아이λ₯Ό 데렀가지 말라고 눈물 흘리며 μ• μ›ν–ˆκ³ 
01:02
Softening, he begins, β€œIf you can guess my name—”
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κ·ΈλŠ” 선심 μ“°λ“― λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
β€œλ‚΄ 이름을 λ§žνžŒλ‹€λ©΄,”
01:06
β€œBanach-Tarski?” you say. β€œIt’s on the front of your shirt.”
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β€œλ°”λ‚˜ν¬ 타λ₯΄μŠ€ν‚€?”
β€œμ˜·μ— μ“°μ—¬ μžˆλ„€μš”.”
01:11
β€œWhat! That won’t do. Aha. My bag,” he explains,
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β€œλ­! 그건 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ ,
μ•„ν•˜!”
λ‚œμŸμ΄κ°€ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
β€œincreases the number of gold coins placed inside it in a very special way.
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β€œμ΄ μžλ£¨μ— κΈˆν™”λ₯Ό λ„£μœΌλ©΄ μ•„μ£Ό νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜μ§€.
01:23
If I take any number of coins and place them in, more will come out.
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κΈˆν™”λ₯Ό λͺ‡ 개λ₯Ό λ„£λ“  λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 더 많이 λ‚˜μ˜€μ§€.
01:28
And if I place those in the bag again,
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그리고 κ·Έκ±Έ μžλ£¨μ— λ‹€μ‹œ λ„£μœΌλ©΄
01:31
the total that comes out will be three times whatever I began with.”
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μ²˜μŒμ— 넣은 κΈˆν™” 개수의 μ„Έ 배둜 λΆˆμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€.”
01:37
He takes 13 coins and places them in the bag,
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κ·Έκ°€ κΈˆν™” μ—΄μ„Έ 개λ₯Ό μ§‘μ–΄ μžλ£¨μ— λ„£κ³ 
01:40
then removes the contents.
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속에 듀은 것을 λ‹€μ‹œ κΊΌλƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
β€œI’ve used the magic once, not twice,” he says.
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β€œλ§ˆλ²•μ„ 두 번이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ”± ν•œ 번 썼닀.”
01:46
β€œTell me how many coins are in my hand and I’ll have mercy.”
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β€œλ‚΄ 손에 κΈˆν™”κ°€ λͺ‡ 개 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 맞히면 μžλΉ„λ₯Ό λ² ν’€μ–΄ 주마.”
01:51
How many coins is he holding?
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손에 λ“  κΈˆν™”λŠ” λͺ‡ κ°œμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:53
Pause here to figure it out yourself. Answer in 3
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
μ •λ‹΅ 3초 μ „.
01:57
Answer in 2
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μ •λ‹΅ 2초 μ „.
01:58
Answer in 1
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μ •λ‹΅ 1초 μ „.
02:00
The bag’s magic works just like what in mathematics is called a β€œfunction,”
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자루의 λ§ˆλ²•μ€ μˆ˜ν•™μ—μ„œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” β€˜ν•¨μˆ˜β€™μ²˜λŸΌ μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
and it’s convenient in both cases to use an arrow to denote the transformation.
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ ν™”μ‚΄ν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ λ³€ν™˜μ„ ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λ©΄ νŽΈλ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
We can write what we know like this.
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μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 값을 ν™”μ‚΄ν‘œμ˜ μ–‘μͺ½μ— μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
We want to know what goes in this particular blank.
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이 λΉˆμΉΈμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 수λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Maybe the bag just multiplies the number of coins by some number.
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λ§ˆλ²• μžλ£¨κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 수λ₯Ό λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κ³±ν•˜λŠ” 것일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
In that case, multiplying by that number twice
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έ 수λ₯Ό 두 번 κ³±ν•œ 값이
02:23
would be the same as multiplying by 3,
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3을 κ³±ν•œ κ°’κ³Ό κ°™μ•„μ•Ό ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ
02:25
which means the multiplier would be the square root of 3.
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κ³±ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜λŠ” 3의 제곱근일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
That’s not a whole number, though.
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그런데 3의 μ œκ³±κ·Όμ€ μžμ—°μˆ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  μžλ£¨μ—μ„œ κΊΌλ‚Έ κΈˆν™”μ— 쑰각은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
And we don’t have bits of gold coins coming out of the bag.
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02:34
Something else is going on.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 방식인 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Well, if filling in the blank between 13 and 39 is too hard,
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13κ³Ό 39 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 빈 칸을 μ±„μš°κΈ°κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λ©΄
02:42
maybe we can start with something easier.
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μ’€ 더 μ‰¬μš΄ 것뢀터 ν•΄ 보죠.
02:44
Can we figure out what’ll happen to 1 coin?
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κΈˆν™”λ₯Ό ν•œ 개 λ„£μœΌλ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 될지 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
02:48
If you use the bag on a single coin twice, you end up with triple;
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κΈˆν™” ν•œ κ°œκ°€ 자루λ₯Ό 두 번 거치면
μ„Έ λ°°κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ„œ κΈˆν™” μ„Έ κ°œκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€μ£ .
02:53
that’s three gold pieces.
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02:55
Because the bag always increases the number of gold coins,
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μžλ£¨λŠ” 항상 κΈˆν™”μ˜ 개수λ₯Ό λŠ˜λ €μ£Όλ―€λ‘œ
02:59
the blank must be between 1 and 3, so 2.
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λΉˆμΉΈμ—λŠ” 1κ³Ό 3 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 수, 즉, 2κ°€ λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
It’s a start. What’s next?
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이제 μ‹œμž‘μ΄κ³  λ‹€μŒμ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
03:05
Let’s think about a few other possible starting places.
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λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 수둜 ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:09
We already know 2 becomes 3
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2κ°€ 3이 λœλ‹€λŠ” 건 이미 μ•Œμ•˜κ³ 
03:12
and that lets us fill in the next blank as well.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹€μŒ λΉˆμΉΈμ„ μ±„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Now we’re getting somewhere!
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이제 μ–΄λŠ 정도 감이 μž‘νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€!
03:17
We just need to extend this out to 13.
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13κΉŒμ§€ μ­‰ 늘렀 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:20
Remember the other rule, though:
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·œμΉ™λ„ λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:22
when you put more coins in, you get more coins out.
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κΈˆν™”λ₯Ό 더 많이 λ„£μœΌλ©΄ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κΈˆν™”λ„ 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
That means the numbers in every column must go in increasing order as well.
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μ„Έλ‘œ μ€„μ˜ μˆ«μžλ„ μ•„λž˜λ‘œ 갈수둝 더 컀져야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
03:32
In other words, because 6 coins become 9,
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λ‹€μ‹œ 말해, μ—¬μ„― 개λ₯Ό λ„£μœΌλ©΄ 아홉 κ°œκ°€ λ‚˜μ™”μœΌλ‹ˆ
03:35
it’s not possible for 4 coins to become 10.
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λ„€ 개λ₯Ό λ„£μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ—΄ κ°œκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜¬ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
Nor could 4 become 5, since 3 becomes 6.
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λ„€ 개λ₯Ό λ„£μ—ˆλŠ”λ° λ‹€μ„― κ°œκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜¬ μˆ˜λ„ μ—†λŠ”λ°
μ„Έ 개λ₯Ό λ„£μœΌλ©΄ μ—¬μ„― κ°œκ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:43
So 7 and 8 fill those blanks on the right of 4 and 5,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 4와 5 μ˜†μ—λŠ” 7κ³Ό 8이 와야 ν•˜κ³ 
03:48
which in turn gives the answer for two more blanks.
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μ΄μ–΄μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 빈칸 두 개λ₯Ό 더 μ±„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
Knowing that the numbers go in increasing order in every column,
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μ•„λž˜λ‘œ 갈수둝 μˆ«μžκ°€ 컀져야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ
03:57
the only choices for the remaining blanks are 19, 20, 22, and 23.
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남은 λΉˆμΉΈμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” μˆ˜λŠ”
19, 20, 22, 23만 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
And look! We have our answer!
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이제 정닡을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
04:06
There must be 22 gold coins in his hand.
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λ§ˆλ²•μ‚¬μ˜ 손에 μžˆλŠ” κΈˆν™”λŠ” μŠ€λ¬Όλ‘ κ°œμ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
β€œI’ll give you three guesses,” the little man begins to say.
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β€œκΈ°νšŒλ₯Ό μ„Έ 번 μ£Όκ² λ‹€.” λ‚œμŸμ΄κ°€ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
β€œ22 coins,” you respond.
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β€œλ‹΅μ€ μŠ€λ¬Όλ‘ κ°œμ˜ˆμš”.”
04:14
β€œWhat?! How did you know?”
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β€œλ­?! μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•ˆ κ±°μ§€?”
04:16
β€œI enjoy a good riddle,” you say. β€œAlso, it’s on the back of your shirt.”
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β€œμ €λŠ” 수수께끼 κ³ μˆ˜μ΄κ±°λ“ μš”.
λ‹Ήμ‹  등에 닡이 μžˆκΈ°λ„ ν•΄μš”.”
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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