Can you solve the fish riddle? - Steve Wyborney

6,353,594 views ・ 2017-06-26

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Guyeong Jeong κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
You are the cargo director on the maiden voyage of the S.S. Buoyant,
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당신은 μ²˜λ…€ ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” S.S.λΆ€μ•ˆνŠΈ 호의 ν™”λ¬Ό κ΄€λ¦¬μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
00:12
and you've agreed to transport several tanks containing
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당신은 λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ’…μΈ 물고기의 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ κ°œμ²΄κ°€ λ‹΄κΈ΄ 수쑰λ₯Ό
00:15
the last specimens of a critically endangered fish species
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00:19
to their new aquarium.
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μƒˆ μ•„μΏ μ•„λ¦¬μ›€μœΌλ‘œ μš΄λ°˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
Unfortunately, as you're passing through shark-infested waters,
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λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„, 당신은 상어 λ°€μ§‘ κ΅¬μ—­μœΌλ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•˜λ˜ 쀑에 μ‚¬λ‚˜μš΄ 폭풍을 λ§Œλ‚˜
00:25
the boat is battered by a fierce storm, throwing your precious cargo overboard.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 화물이 바닀에 λΉ μ Έ λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
And to make matters worse,
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μ„€μƒκ°€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 아무도 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° μˆ˜μ‘°κ°€ λͺ‡ κ°œκ°€ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€
00:34
no one seems certain just how many fish tanks are missing.
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μ •ν™•νžˆ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
Fortunately, you have a rescue sub at your disposal,
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ ꡬ쑰에 ν•„μš”ν•œ μž μˆ˜ν•¨μ΄ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:42
but only enough fuel for one trip to the ocean floor.
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해저에 ν•œλ²ˆ λ‹€λ…€μ˜¬ μ •λ„μ˜ μ—°λ£Œ 밖에 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
You need to know where the tanks are
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수쑰λ₯Ό ν•œ λ²ˆμ— 빨리 λͺ¨μœΌλ €λ©΄
00:49
so you can gather them all in one quick pass.
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μˆ˜μ‘°κ°€ 어디에 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
Not a single fish can be lost.
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ν•œλ§ˆλ¦¬μ˜ 물고기도 μ‚¬λΌμ Έμ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
You decide to scan the three sectors of the ocean floor
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당신은 화물이 μ°©λ₯™ν–ˆμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ”
01:00
where the cargo could have landed.
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ν•΄μ €μ˜ μ„Έ 뢀뢄을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
Thermal imaging shows 50 organisms in the area,
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적외선 μ΄¬μ˜μ€ κ·Έ ꡬ역에 50개의 생물체λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ”λ°
01:07
and you quickly realize that that number includes both your fish
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당신은 재빨리 κ·Έ μˆ˜κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 물고기와
01:11
and some ravenous sharks.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦° 상어듀 κΉŒμ§€λ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
You flip on the sonar to get a better look.
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당신은 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μˆ˜μ€‘ 음파 탐지기λ₯Ό μΌ­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
The image for Sector Alpha shows four tanks and two sharks,
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μ•ŒνŒŒκ΅¬μ—­μ˜ μ΄λ―Έμ§€λŠ” 4개의 μˆ˜μ‘°μ™€ 두 마리의 상어λ₯Ό 보여주고
01:21
the image for Sector Beta shows two tanks and four sharks,
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λ² νƒ€κ΅¬μ—­μ˜ μ΄λ―Έμ§€λŠ” 2개의 μˆ˜μ‘°μ™€ λ„€ 마리의 상어λ₯Ό 보여주며
01:26
and the image for Sector Gamma is blank.
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κ°λ§ˆκ΅¬μ—­μ˜ μ΄λ―Έμ§€μ—λŠ” 아무것도 보이지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
Your sonar has malfunctioned,
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 초음파 κ°μ§€κΈ°λŠ” κ³ μž₯났기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:33
and you're going to have to go with the info you have.
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당신은 ν˜„μž¬ μžˆλŠ” μ •λ³΄λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
You check the shipping notes,
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당신은 μš΄μ†‘μ§€μ‹œμ„œλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:39
but all you learn is that each tank had the same number of fish inside.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œκ²Œλ˜λŠ” 것은, 각각의 μˆ˜μ‘°μ•ˆμ—
같은 수의 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
The cargo hold had space for anywhere from 1 to 13 total tanks.
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ν™”λ¬ΌμΉΈμ—λŠ” 1κ°œλΆ€ν„° 13κ°œκΉŒμ§€μ˜ μˆ˜μ‘°κ°€
λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” 곡간이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
And finally, the old captain tells you that this area has the odd property
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, λ‚˜μ΄ λ“  μ„ μž₯은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 이 κ΅¬μ—­μ˜ νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 속성을 λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
that no two sectors can have the same number of sharks,
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각각의 ꡬ역에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ μƒμ–΄μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€ 같을 수 μ—†μœΌλ©°
02:00
but every sector will have at least one,
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λͺ¨λ“  κ΅¬μ—­μ—λŠ” 적어도 ν•œ 마리 이상 7마리 μ΄ν•˜μ˜ 상어가 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
02:03
and no more than seven.
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02:06
There's no time to waste.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‚­λΉ„ν•  μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
The tanks won't withstand the pressure much longer.
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μˆ˜μ‘°λ“€μ€ 더 였래 μ••λ ₯을 κ²¬λ””κΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ €μšΈ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
As you descend in the sub, you review everything you know.
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당신은 μž μˆ˜ν•¨μ„ 타고 λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©΄μ„œ μ•Œκ²Œλœ λͺ¨λ“  정보λ₯Ό κ²€ν† ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
How many fish tanks do you need to find in Sector Gamma?
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당신은 κ°λ§ˆκ΅¬μ—­μ—μ„œ λͺ‡ 개의 수쑰λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:19
Hurry, the fate of an entire species depends on you.
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μ„œλ‘λ¦…μ‹œλ‹€.
전체 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° μ’…μ˜ 운λͺ…이 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ‹¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Pause here if you want to figure it out for yourself.
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λ§Œμ•½ 문제λ₯Ό 슀슀둜 ν’€κΈΈ μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 쀑지 λ²„νŠΌμ„ λˆ„λ₯΄μ„Έμš”.
02:26
Answer in: 3
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닡은 3초 μ•ˆμ— κ³΅κ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
Answer in: 2
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3
2
02:30
Answer in: 1
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02:32
At first, it seems like there are just too many missing pieces of information.
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μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” λΉ μ§„ 정보듀이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많게 λŠκ»΄μ§ˆμ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:36
After all, you don't know how many fish or how many tanks there are,
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μ–΄μ°Œλ˜μ—ˆκ±΄ 당신은 μˆ˜μ‘°μ™€ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 있고
02:40
let alone how many fish are in each one.
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수쑰 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ λͺ‡ 마리 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:44
But then you remember the best way
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ³§ 당신은 뢀뢄적인 정보λ₯Ό λ‹€μ€‘μœΌλ‘œ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λŠ” μ΅œμ„ μ˜ 방법을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ£ .
02:46
to compare multiple pieces of partial information - a table.
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λ°”λ‘œ ν‘œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:51
Since we know there are thirteen tanks at most,
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기껏해야 총 13개의 μˆ˜μ‘°κ°€ 있고
02:54
and we already see six tanks in Sectors Alpha and Beta,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•ŒνŒŒ, 베타 ꡬ역에 이미 μ—¬μ„― 개의 μˆ˜μ‘°κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•ŒκΈ°μ—
02:58
we know the total number of tanks must be between 6 and 13.
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수쑰의 총 κ°―μˆ˜κ°€ 6κ°œμ—μ„œ 13개 μ‚¬μ΄μž„μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
We also know that each sector has a different amount of sharks
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그리고 각 ꡬ역에 상어가 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 뢄포해 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것 λ˜ν•œ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
with no more than seven in each one.
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ν•œ ꡬ역에 7마리 μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ 말이죠.
03:10
Since there are two in Sector Alpha and four in Sector Beta,
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μ•ŒνŒŒμ™€ 베타 ꡬ역에 상어가 각각 두 마리, λ„€ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ
03:15
Sector Gamma can have 1, 3, 5, 6, or 7 sharks.
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감마 κ΅¬μ—­μ—λŠ” 1,3,5,6,7 마리의 상어가 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:21
What about the number of endangered fish?
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그러면 λ©Έμ’…μœ„κΈ°μ˜ 물고기듀은 λͺ‡ λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:23
Out of the 50 total organisms in all three sectors,
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μ„Έ ꡬ역에 λΆ„ν¬λœ 50개의 생물체 쀑에 상어가 μ΅œμ†Œ 7λ§ˆλ¦¬μž„μ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
we know at least seven are sharks,
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03:30
leaving a maximum of 43 fish inside all the tanks.
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이 말은 μ΅œλŒ€ 43마리의 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
03:34
And the more sharks we find in Sector 3, the fewer fish there are to save.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°λ§ˆκ΅¬μ—­μ—μ„œ 상어λ₯Ό 많이 찾으면 μ°Ύμ„μˆ˜λ‘
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΅¬ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” 물고기의 μˆ˜λŠ” μ€„μ–΄λ“€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
Now, remember that the fish are equally distributed across all the tanks.
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이제 λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜μ‘°μ— 물고기듀이 μΌμ •ν•˜κ²Œ λΆ„ν¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŒμ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
03:45
Why is that important?
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그게 μ™œ μ€‘μš”ν• κΉŒμš”?
03:47
Because it means that one of the possible values for the total amount of fish
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이 말은 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 물고기의 총 λ§ˆλ¦Ώμˆ˜κ°€
03:51
must be divisible by one of the possible values for the total amount of tanks.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 수쑰의 총 κ°―μˆ˜μ— λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄ λ–¨μ–΄μ Έμ•Ό λœλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:58
And looking at the table, we can see that the only combination that works
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그리고 ν‘œλ₯Ό 보면
μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ 이에 ν•΄λ‹Ήλ˜λŠ” 쑰합은 39마리의 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ 13개의 μˆ˜μ‘±κ΄€μ—
04:02
is 39 fish divided between 13 tanks with three fish in each.
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각각 μ„Έ λ§ˆλ¦¬μ”© λ“€μ–΄κ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ‘°ν•©μ΄λΌλŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
With sharks swarming around,
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이제 당신은 μž μˆ˜ν•¨μ„ 타고
04:11
you quickly pilot the sub through the first two sectors
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μ£Όμœ„μ— 상어가 μ–΄μŠ¬λ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ”
처음 두 개의 ꡬ역을 재빨리 ν†΅κ³Όν•΄μ„œ
04:14
before retrieving the remaining seven tanks in Sector Gamma.
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κ°λ§ˆκ΅¬μ—­μ— μžˆλŠ” 7개의 수쑰λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν•˜κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
You've saved the species and taken an impromptu dive.
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당신은 μ¦‰μ‹œ μž ν•­λ₯Ό ν•΄μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  물고기듀을 ꡬ할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
All in all, not a bad day, unless you happen to be a hungry shark.
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결과적으둜, λ‚˜μœ 날은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ„€μš”.
당신이 λ°°κ³ ν”ˆ 상어가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλ©΄ 말이죠.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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