Why is Aristophanes called "The Father of Comedy"? - Mark Robinson

839,629 views ใƒป 2018-08-21

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์ตœ ์ง„์šฐ ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
At the annual Athenian drama festival in 426 BC,
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 426๋…„, ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์˜ ์—ฐ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ทน์ œ์—์„œ
00:11
a comic play called The Babylonians,
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์‹œ์ธ์ด ์“ด ํฌ๊ทน ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์ธ์ด
00:14
written by a young poet named Aristophanes,
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00:17
was awarded first prize.
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1๋“ฑ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
But the playโ€™s depiction of Athensโ€™ conduct during the Peloponnesian War
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์˜ ํŽ ๋กœํฐ๋„ค์†Œ์Šค ์ „์Ÿ ๋‹น์‹œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:23
was so controversial that afterwards,
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ํฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:26
a politician named Kleon took Aristophanes to court
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ํด๋ ˆ์˜จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์€ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค๋ฅผ
00:30
for "slandering the people of Athens in the presence of foreigners."
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์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์•ž์—์„œ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์ธ์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ›ผ์†ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ๋ฒ•์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Aristophanes struck back two years later with a play called The Knights.
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค๋Š” 2๋…„ ํ›„ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
In it, he openly mocked Kleon,
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๊ทน์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ ˆ์˜จ์„ ์กฐ๋กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
ending with Kleonโ€™s character working as a lowly sausage seller
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ํด๋ ˆ์˜จ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์€ ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ์†Œ์‹œ์ง€ ์žฅ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ
00:47
outside the city gates.
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์„ฑ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
This style of satire was a consequence
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์˜ ํ’์ž๋Š”
00:51
of the unrestricted democracy of 5th century Athens
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5์„ธ๊ธฐ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์˜ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:55
and is now called "Old Comedy."
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ '๊ณ ํฌ๊ทน'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Aristophanesโ€™ plays, the worldโ€™s earliest surviving comic dramas,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน์€
01:02
are stuffed full of parodies, songs, sexual jokes, and surreal fantasy.
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ํ’์ž, ๋…ธ๋ž˜, ์„ฑ์  ๋†๋‹ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ™˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
They often use wild situations,
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์—ฐ๊ทน์€ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ๋’ค์ง‘๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:10
like a hero flying to heaven on a dung beetle,
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์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ์‡ ๋˜ฅ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒ„ ์ฑ„ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:14
or a net cast over a house to keep the ownerโ€™s father trapped inside,
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๊ทธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ง‘์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ์„œ ์ฃผ์ธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ‡ํžˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:19
in order to subvert audience expectations.
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ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
And theyโ€™ve shaped how comedyโ€™s been written and performed ever since.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน์€ ํ›„๋Œ€์— ํฌ๊ทน์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์ƒ์—ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ธฐํ‹€์„ ์žก์•˜๋‹ค.
01:27
The word "comedy" comes from the Ancient Greek "komos," โ€“ revel,
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ํฌ๊ทน(comedy)๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด๋กœ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” 'komos'์™€
01:32
and "oide," โ€“ singing,
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๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” 'oide'์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
and it differed from its companion art form, "tragedy" in many ways.
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ํฌ๊ทน์€ ์ง์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ˜•์‹์ธ '๋น„๊ทน'๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ชจ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Where ancient Athenian tragedies dealt with the downfall of the high and mighty,
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์ด ์ƒ๋ฅ˜ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
01:45
their comedies usually ended happily.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํฌ๊ทน์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
And where tragedy almost always borrowed stories from legend,
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๋น„๊ทน์ด ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ „์„ค์—์„œ ์ „ํ•ด์ง„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
01:51
comedy addressed current events.
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ํฌ๊ทน์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Aristophanesโ€™ comedies celebrated ordinary people and attacked the powerful.
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค์˜ ํฌ๊ทน์€ ํ‰๋ฏผ์„ ์ถ•๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
His targets were arrogant politicians,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋งŒํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค,
02:01
war-mongering generals,
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์ „์Ÿ๊ด‘ ์žฅ๊ตฐ๋“ค,
02:03
and self-important intellectuals,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž๋งŒ์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ธ๋“ค๋กœ
02:05
exactly the people who sat in the front row of the theatre,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:08
where everyone could see their reactions.
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๊ทน์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ž ์ค„์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
As a result, they were referred to as komoidoumenoi:
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ' komoidoumenoi'
02:16
"those made fun of in comedy."
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์ฆ‰, 'ํฌ๊ทน์—์„œ ํ’์ž๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Aristophanesโ€™ vicious and often obscene mockery
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ์™ธ์„ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๋กฑ์€
02:22
held these leaders to account, testing their commitment to the city.
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์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ถ”๊ถํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—Œ์‹ ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
One issue, in particular, inspired much of Aristophanesโ€™ work:
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ํŠนํžˆ, ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta.
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์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์™€ ์ŠคํŒŒ๋ฅดํƒ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํŽ ๋กœํฐ๋„ค์†Œ์Šค ์ „์Ÿ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
In Peace, written in 421 BC,
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 421๋…„์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ, ํ‰ํ™”์—์„œ
02:38
a middle-aged Athenian frees the embodiment of peace from a cave,
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์ค‘๋…„์˜ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์ธ์€ ํ‰ํ™”์˜ ํ™”์‹ ์„
02:43
where sheโ€™d been exiled by profiteering politicians.
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์ •์น˜์ธ ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ถ”๋ฐฉ๋‹นํ•œ ๋™๊ตด์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Then, in the aftermath of a crushing naval defeat for Athens in 411 BC,
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์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ „์—์„œ ์™„ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 411๋…„ ์ดํ›„,
02:53
Aristophanes wrote "Lysistrata."
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
In this play, the women of Athens grow sick of war
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์ด ๊ทน์—์„œ ์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ „์Ÿ์— ์‹ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ
02:59
and go on a sex strike until their husbands make peace.
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๋‚จํŽธ๋“ค์ด ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ฑ์  ํŒŒ์—…์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Other plays use similarly fantastic scenarios to skewer topical situations,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ทน๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๋ณธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
such as in "Clouds,"
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๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์—์„œ
03:10
where Aristophanes mocked fashionable philosophical thinking.
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ์ธต์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ํ’์žํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
The hero Strepsiades enrolls in Socratesโ€™s new philosophical school,
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์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ™์‹œ์•„๋ฐ์Šค๋Š” ์†Œํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™ ํ•™๊ต์— ์ž…ํ•™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
where he learns how to prove that wrong is right
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งž์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
03:22
and that a debt is not a debt.
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๋นš์€ ๋นš์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
No matter how outlandish these plays get, the heroes always prevail in the end.
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๊ทน์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ „๊ฐœ์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
Aristophanes also became the master of the parabasis,
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค๋Š” ํ•ฉ์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ช…์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:35
a comic technique where actors address the audience directly,
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ํ•ฉ์ฐฝ๊ฐ€๋ž€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€๊ฐ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ํฌ๊ทน ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ,
03:38
often praising the playwright or making topical comments and jokes.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๋…ผํ‰, ๋†๋‹ด์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
For example, in "Birds,"
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํฌ๊ทน ์ƒˆ์—์„œ
03:45
the Chorus takes the role of different birds
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ํ•ฉ์ฐฝ๋‹จ์€ ๊ฐ์ž ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์•„
03:48
and threatens the Athenian judges that if their play doesnโ€™t win first prize,
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์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์œ„์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ทน์ด ์ผ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:52
theyโ€™ll defecate on them as they walk around the city.
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜ฅ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Perhaps the judges didnโ€™t appreciate the joke,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์œ„์›๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
03:58
as the play came in second.
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2๋“ฑ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
By exploring new ideas
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:02
and encouraging self-criticism in Athenian society,
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์•„ํ…Œ๋„ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:05
Aristophanes not only mocked his fellow citizens,
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํŒŒ๋„ค์Šค๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ ํ’์žํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:08
but he shaped the nature of comedy itself.
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ํฌ๊ทน๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Hailed by some scholars as the father of comedy,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ทน์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:15
his fingerprints are visible upon comic techniques everywhere,
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ”์ ์€ ํฌ๊ทน ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
from slapstick
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์Šฌ๋žฉ์Šคํ‹ฑ(์ต์‚ด๊ทน)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:19
to double acts
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์ฝค๋น„,
04:20
to impersonations
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ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ,
04:22
to political satire.
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์ •์น˜์  ํ’์ž๊นŒ์ง€
04:23
Through the praise of free speech and the celebration of ordinary heroes,
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์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:27
his plays made his audience think while they laughed.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
And his retort to Kleon in 425 BC still resonates today:
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 425๋…„, ํด๋ ˆ์˜จ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํšŒ์ž๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
โ€œIโ€™m a comedian, so Iโ€™ll speak about justice,
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ์ด๊ธฐ์— ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
no matter how hard it sounds to your ears.โ€
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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