The return of Mongolia's "wild" horses - Nigel Rothfels

220,973 views

2023-04-25 ใƒป TED-Ed


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The return of Mongolia's "wild" horses - Nigel Rothfels

220,973 views ใƒป 2023-04-25

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์œ ๊ฒฝ ์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
For thousands of years, native Takhi horses roamed the steppes of Central Asia.
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์•ผ์ƒ ํƒ€ํžˆ ๋ง๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ค‘์•™์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋Œ€์ดˆ์›์„ ๋ˆ„๋ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
But by the late 1960s, theyโ€™d become extinct in the wildโ€”
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฉธ์ข…๋  ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:16
the last herds struggling in meager habitats
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋นˆ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„ ์„œ์‹์ง€์—์„œ ํž˜๊ฒน๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
00:19
against hunters and competition from local livestock.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์ถ•๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:22
Some small groups of Takhi survived in European zoos,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํƒ€ํžˆ ๋ง๋“ค์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:26
but their extinction still seemed inevitable.
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๋ฉธ์ข…์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
To prevent this terrible fate,
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์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ ์ž
00:31
a coalition of scientists and zoos pulled together
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๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์ด ํž˜์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
00:34
to start an international Takhi breeding program.
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํƒ€ํžˆ ๋ฒˆ์‹ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
By the 1990s, these collaborators in Europe and the US
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1990๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋•๋ถ„์—
00:42
began releasing new generations of Asiaโ€™s ancient wild horse
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์•ผ์ƒ๋งˆ๋ฅผ
์›๋ž˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€์— ํ’€์–ด ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
back into their native habitat.
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00:48
This Takhi revival was a world-famous conservation victory,
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ํƒ€ํžˆ์˜ ๋ณต์›์€ ์ข… ๋ณด์กด์—์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
00:52
but the full story is much more complicated than it first appears.
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์ „์ฒด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ฒ‰๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
And its twists and turns raise serious questions about the role of zoos
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šฐ์—ฌ๊ณก์ ˆ์€
๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์ข… ๋ณด์กด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
and what conservation even means.
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01:03
To get the whole story, we need to start in the late 1800s
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์ž์ดˆ์ง€์ข…์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋ฉด 1800๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
when Russian explorer Nikolay Przhevalsky was gifted
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€์ธ ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์ด ํ”„๋ฅด์ œ๋ฐœ์Šคํ‚ค๋Š”
ํƒ€ํžˆ ๋ง์˜ ์œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
the remains of one of these wild horses.
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01:13
Though the Takhi had long been known to local Mongolians,
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์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒ€ํžˆ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
01:16
European scientists were intrigued by the remains,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํƒ€ํžˆ ์œ ํ•ด์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
which looked more like those of a donkey or zebra than any known domestic horse.
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์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ถ•์ธ ๋ง๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€๋‚˜ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ๋ง๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์ฃ .
01:25
They concluded the species was a sort of missing link
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํƒ€ํžˆ๊ฐ€ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€์™€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ง ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋†“์ธ
01:28
between wild asses and modern horses.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
And as reports of the newly dubbed Przhevalskyโ€™s horse
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ํ”„๋ฅด์ œ๋ฐœ์Šคํ‚ค ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ
ํƒ€ํžˆ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ํผ์ง€์ž
01:35
circulated through Europe and America,
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01:37
zoo proprietors became eager to acquire the previously unknown species.
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๋™๋ฌผ์›๋“ค์€ ์ „์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด ์ข…์„ ์†์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
At this time, zoos were focused primarily on drawing visitors with exotic animals,
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:48
and their exhibitions were more concerned with entertainment than animal welfare.
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์ „์‹œ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณต์ง€๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ค๋ฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์— ๋” ์น˜์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:52
But in the early 1900s, the near extinction of the American bison
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1900๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋“ค์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฉธ์ข…์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ 
01:56
and the total extinction of other species like the passenger pigeon
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์—ฌํ–‰๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:00
inspired zoos to rebrand as centers for conservation.
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๋™๋ฌผ์›๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์กด ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And as it became clear that Przhevalskyโ€™s horse might be headed for a similar fate,
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ”„๋ฅด์ œ๋ฐœ์Šคํ‚ค๋ง์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์šด๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€์ž
02:09
zoos began breeding programs to sustain the captive population.
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๋™๋ฌผ์›๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์› ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์‹ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
However, the individuals behind these programs came to an interesting conclusion
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
ํƒ€ํžˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
about how the horses should be bred.
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02:23
Like their colleagues, they believed the species represented a missing link
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ํƒ€ํžˆ ์ข… ๋ง์ด
ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ถ• ๋ง๊ณผ ์›์‹œ ์กฐ์ƒ ๋ง ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:27
between modern domestic horses and their more primitive ancestors.
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02:31
They also knew that some of the horses in their collections werenโ€™t purebred Takhi,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ˆœ์ข…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
02:36
and many didnโ€™t even resemble the speciesโ€™ standard description.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ’ˆ์ข…๊ณผ ๋‹ฎ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
So breeders felt it was up to them to determine what a wild Takhi
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์ƒ ํƒ€ํžˆ์˜ ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒ€ํžˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
should look like,
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02:45
and breed them accordingly.
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02:47
Basing their work on just a few specimens and broad beliefs
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ๊ณผ
์›์‹œ ๋ง์˜ ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ
02:51
about what a primitive horse might look like,
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02:53
they created a rigorous model for the ideal Takhi.
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์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํƒ€ํžˆ ๋ง์˜ ์—„๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
And over the 20th century,
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:59
breeders in western zoos and private collections
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์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
03:02
created a population of thousands of horses
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ํƒ€ํžˆ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์‹์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:05
all carefully bred to share the same physical characteristics.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
Of course, in their native habitat,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ž์—ฐ ์„œ์‹์ง€์—์„œ๋Š”
03:13
wild Takhi had regularly interbred with domesticated horses for millennia,
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์•ผ์ƒ ํƒ€ํžˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€์ถ• ๋ง๊ณผ ์ž์ฃผ ์ด์ข… ๊ต๋ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:18
producing a population with much more diverse appearances.
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์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
03:22
So when it was time to introduce the Takhi to their ancestral home,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํƒ€ํžˆ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๋˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๋ฌด๋ ต์—๋Š”
03:26
they were quite different from the horses
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1์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „ ๋Œ€์ดˆ์›์—์„œ
03:28
whoโ€™d been taken from those steppes a century earlier.
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์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜จ ํƒ€ํžˆ์™€๋Š” ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Complicating things even further,
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์„ค์ƒ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
03:33
while these new Takhi herds were no longer in zoos,
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํƒ€ํžˆ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
03:36
to this day, almost all remain closely monitored
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
and controlled for their own protection.
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03:43
So in a strange way, itโ€™s hard to say if these animals are actually in the wild
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ํƒ€ํžˆ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•ผ์ƒ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ 
03:48
or even if theyโ€™re truly Takhi.
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์ง„์งœ ํƒ€ํžˆ ์ข…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
The story of the Takhi horse is not unique.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ํƒ€ํžˆ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
In many of our conservation victories,
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์ข… ๋ณด์กด์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์†์—์„œ
03:56
itโ€™s difficult to say exactly what was saved,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ 
03:59
and the role that zoos play in conservation can be very complicated.
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์ข… ๋ณด์กด ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
It's clear that zoos have been and can continue to be significant forces
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๋ถ„๋ช… ๋™๋ฌผ์›์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํž˜์ด ๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ
์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
for animal preservation,
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04:09
especially efforts to save charismatic animals from extinction.
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์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉธ์ข…์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
04:13
But today, the most direct cause of animal extinctions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์€
04:16
are humanityโ€™s impacts on animal habitats and Earthโ€™s climate.
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๋™๋ฌผ ์„œ์‹์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
So if zoos truly want to help protect the diversity of animal life on this planet,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์ด ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ
์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:26
perhaps they should redirect their efforts
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ
04:28
to preserving the natural habitats these animals so desperately need.
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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