How your muscular system works - Emma Bryce

2,791,822 views ・ 2017-10-26

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: SeungGyu Min κ²€ν† : Won Jang
"κ·ΈλŠ” 휘λͺ°μ•„μΉ˜λŠ” μ‚Άκ³Ό μ‘΄μž¬λΌλŠ” νŒŒλ„ 그리고 근윑 ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ”
μ™„λ²½ν•œ 즐거움에 μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘ν˜€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€." - 잭런던, ν™©μ•Όμ˜ 뢀름
00:06
Each time you take a step,
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λ°œμžκ΅­μ„ λ‚΄λ””λ”œ λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
00:08
200 muscles work in unison to lift your foot,
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200개의 근윑이 μ‘°ν™”λ‘­κ²Œ 움직여 λ°œμ„ λ“£κ³ 
00:12
propel it forward,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ°€κ³ ,
00:13
and set it down.
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땅에 λ‚΄λ €λ†“λŠ” 일을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
It's just one of the many thousands of tasks performed by the muscular system.
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이것은 κ·Όμœ‘κ³„κ°€ ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 일쀑에 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λΆˆκ³Όν•˜μ£ .
00:20
This network of over 650 muscles covers the body
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650κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 근윑이 우리 λͺΈμ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
and is the reason we can blink,
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λˆˆμ„ κΉœλΉ‘μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
00:26
smile,
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μ›ƒκ±°λ‚˜
00:27
run,
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λ‹¬λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜
00:29
jump,
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λ„μ•½ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
00:30
and stand upright.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ„€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것도 이 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
It's even responsible for the heart's dependable thump.
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κ·Όμœ‘μ€ 심μž₯이 λ©ˆμΆ”μ§€ μ•Šκ³  계속 λ›°κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 역할도 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
First, what exactly is the muscular system?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ·Όμœ‘κ³„λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:39
It's made up of three main muscle types:
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κ·Όμœ‘κ³„λŠ” 크게 μ„Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κ·Όμœ‘λ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
skeletal muscle, which attaches via tendons to our bones,
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νž˜μ€„μ„ 톡해 λΌˆμ™€ μ—°κ²°λœ 골격근과
00:46
cardiac muscle, which is only found in the heart,
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였직 심μž₯μ—λ§Œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 심근,
00:50
and smooth muscle, which lines the blood vessels and certain organs,
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ν˜ˆκ΄€μ„ μœ„μž₯, 자ꢁ λ“± μž₯κΈ°λ“€κ³Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” ν‰ν™œκ·Όλ“±μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
like the intestine and uterus.
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00:57
All three types are made up of muscle cells,
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이 μ„Έ 가지 κ·Όμœ‘μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ κ·Όμœ‘μ„Έν¬λ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°
00:59
also known as fibers, bundled tightly together.
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μ΄λŠ” κ·Όμ„¬μœ λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λ©° μ—¬λŸ¬ κ°€λ‹₯이 λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ¬Άμ—¬μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
These bundles receive signals from the nervous system
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이 근윑 λ‹€λ°œλ“€μ€ μ‹ κ²½κ³„μ—μ„œ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ°›μ•„
01:06
that contract the fibers, which in turn generates force and motion.
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κ·Όμ„¬μœ λ“€μ„ μˆ˜μΆ•μ‹œν‚€κ³  λ”°λΌμ„œ 힘과 μš΄λ™μ΄ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
This produces almost all the movements we make.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이것이 우리 λͺΈμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μš΄λ™μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
Some of the only parts of the body
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우리 μ‹ μ²΄μ—μ„œ
01:16
whose motions aren't governed by the muscular system
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κ·Όμœ‘κ³„μ˜ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό 받지 μ•ŠλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ μ›€μ§μž„μ€
01:18
are sperm cells,
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μ •μžμ„Έν¬μ™€
01:20
the hair-like cilia in our airways,
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κΈ°λ„μ˜ 섬λͺ¨,
01:23
and certain white blood cells.
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νŠΉμ • λ°±ν˜ˆκ΅¬λ“€μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Muscle contraction can be split into three main types.
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κ·Όμˆ˜μΆ•μ€ 3가지 μœ ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆŒ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
The first two, shortening muscle fibers and lengthening them,
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이 쀑 두 μœ ν˜•μΈ 단좕성 μˆ˜μΆ•κ³Ό μ‹ μž₯μ„± μˆ˜μΆ•μ€
01:32
generate opposing forces.
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μ„œλ‘œ λ°˜λŒ€λ˜λŠ” νž˜μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
So the biceps will shorten while the triceps will lengthen or relax,
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삼두박근이 μ‹ μž₯ ν˜Ήμ€ μ΄μ™„λ˜κ³  이두박근이 λ‹¨μΆ•λ˜λ©΄
01:38
pulling up the arm and making it bend at the elbow.
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νŒ”μ΄ 당겨 μ˜¬λΌμ™€μ„œ νŒ”κΏˆμΉ˜κ°€ μ ‘νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
This allows us to, say, pick up a book,
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이런 근윑의 μ›€μ§μž„μ„ 톡해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 책을 λ“€μ–΄ μ˜¬λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜
01:45
or if the muscle relationship is reversed, put it down.
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κ·Όμœ‘μ„ λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ 움직여 책을 내렀놓을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
This complementary partnership exists throughout the muscular system.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν˜Έλ³΄μ™„κ΄€κ³„λŠ” 전체 κ·Όμœ‘κ³„μ—μ„œ λ™μΌν•˜κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
The third type of contraction creates a stabilizing force.
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μ„Έ 번째 κ·Όμˆ˜μΆ•μ€ λͺΈμ„ μ •μ§€λœ μƒνƒœλ‘œ μœ μ§€μ‹œμΌœ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
In these cases, the muscle fibers don't change in length,
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이 경우 κ·Όμ„¬μœ μ˜ κΈΈμ΄λ³€ν™”λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
02:01
but instead keep the muscles rigid.
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λŒ€μ‹  ν•΄λ‹Ή 근윑이 단단해 μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
This allows us to grip a mug of coffee or lean against a wall.
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이 힘으둜 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 컀피 μž”μ„ μž‘κ±°λ‚˜ 벽에 기댈 μˆ˜κ°€ 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
It also maintains our posture by holding us upright.
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이 μˆ˜μΆ• 덕뢄에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜‘λ°”λ‘œ μ„œμžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
Skeletal muscles form the bulk of the muscular system,
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κ³¨κ·Όμœ‘μ€ 우리 λͺΈμ˜ κ·Όμ²΄κ³„μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ 이루고 있으며
02:16
make up about 30-40% of the body's weight,
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우리 λͺΈλ¬΄κ²Œμ˜ 30μ—μ„œ 40νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³ 
02:19
and generate most of its motion.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ„ κ΄€μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
Some muscles are familiar to us, like the pectorals and the biceps.
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ν‰κ·Όμ΄λ‚˜ 이두박근 같은 일뢀 κ·Όμœ‘λ“€μ€ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλŠ” 반면
02:26
Others may be less so, like the buccinator,
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ‚―μ„  이름듀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ ν˜‘κ·Όμ΄ μžˆκ² λ„€μš”.
02:29
a muscle that attaches your cheek to your teeth,
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ν˜‘κ·Όμ€ λ³Όκ³Ό 이λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” κ·Όμœ‘μ΄μ§€μš”.
02:32
or the body's tiniest skeletal muscle,
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λ˜ν•œ 우리 λͺΈμ˜ κ°€μž₯ μž‘μ€ 골격근인 1밀리미터 길이의 쑰직은
02:34
a one-millimeter-long tissue fragment called the stapedius
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등골근이라고 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
that's nestled deep inside the ear.
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이 κ·Όμœ‘μ€ 우리 κ·€μ˜ μ•ˆμͺ½μ— λ“€μ–΄μžˆμ§€μš”.
02:41
Wherever they occur, skeletal muscles are connected to the somatic nervous system,
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κ·Έ μœ„μΉ˜κ°€ μ–΄λ””λ“  골격근듀은 μš΄λ™μ‹ κ²½κ³Ό μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄μžˆμœΌλ©°
02:45
which gives us almost complete control over their movements.
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덕뢄에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 κ·Όμœ‘λ“€μ„ 거의 μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ ν†΅μ œ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
This muscle group also contains two types of muscle fibers
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골격근은 두 가지 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ κ·Όμ„¬μœ λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ”λ°
02:52
to refine our motions even further, slow-twitch and fast-twitch.
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μ΄λŠ” 지근과 μ†κ·ΌμœΌλ‘œ 우리의 μ›€μ§μž„μ„ μ •κ΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Fast-twitch fibers react instantly when triggered
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속근은 μžκ·Ήμ„ λ°›μœΌλ©΄ 즉각 λ°˜μ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
but quickly use up their energy and tire out.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ†Œλͺ¨κ°€ 빨라 μ‰½κ²Œ μ§€μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
Slow-twitch fibers, on the other hand, are endurance cells.
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ 지근은 지ꡬλ ₯κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ„Έν¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
They react and use energy slowly so they can work for longer periods.
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천천히 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜κ³  μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ†Œλͺ¨λ„ 느리며 였랜 μ‹œκ°„ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
A sprinter will accumulate more fast-twitch muscles in her legs
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단거리 달리기 μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ€ 닀리에 더 λ§Žμ€ 속근을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
03:15
through continuous practice,
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μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜μ—¬
03:17
enabling her to quickly, if briefly, pick up the pace,
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λΉ λ₯΄κ³  μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ 속도λ₯Ό 뢙일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
whereas back muscles contain more slow-twitch muscles
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반면 λ“±κ·Όμœ‘μ—λŠ” 지근이 많이 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄μžˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:24
to maintain your posture all day.
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ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 μžμ„Έλ₯Ό μœ μ§€ ν•  수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:27
Unlike the skeletal muscles, the body's cardiac and smooth muscles
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κ³¨κ·Όμœ‘κ³ΌλŠ” 달리 우리 λͺΈμ˜ 심근과 ν‰ν™œκ·Όμ€
03:31
are managed by the autonomic nervous system
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μžμœ¨μ‹ κ²½κ³„μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ΄€λ¦¬λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
beyond our direct control.
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우리의 직접적인 ν†΅μ œμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:35
That makes your heart thump roughly 3 billion times
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심근은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ μ•½ 3μ‹­μ–΅ 번 정도 심μž₯을 λ°•λ™μ‹œμΌœ
03:38
over the course of your life,
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03:40
which supplies the body with blood and oxygen.
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λͺΈμ— ν˜ˆμ•‘κ³Ό μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
Autonomic control also contracts and relaxes smooth muscle
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μžμœ¨μ‹ κ²½κ³„λŠ” λ˜ν•œ 우리의 ν‰ν™œκ·Όμ„ κ·œμΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μΆ•ν•˜κ³  μ΄μ™„ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
in a rhythmic cycle.
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03:48
That pumps blood through the smooth internal walls of blood vessels,
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이 μž‘μš©μ€ ν˜ˆκ΄€μœΌλ‘œ 이루어진 λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ 창자 내벽에 ν˜ˆμ•‘μ„ κ³΅κΈ‰ν•΄μ„œ
03:52
enables the intestine to constrict and push food through the digestive system,
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μ°½μžκ°€ μŒμ‹μ„ 으깨고 μ†Œν™”κΈ°κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ λ°€μ–΄ 넣을 수 있게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
and allows the uterus to contract when a person is giving birth.
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λ˜ν•œ 아이λ₯Ό μΆœμ‚°ν•  λ•Œ 자ꢁ의 μˆ˜μΆ•μž‘μš©μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
04:01
As muscles work, they also use energy and produce an important byproduct, heat.
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κ·Όμœ‘μ€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μ—΄μ΄λΌλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 뢀산물을 μƒμ‚°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
In fact, muscle provides about 85% of your warmth,
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사싀, κ·Όμœ‘μ€ 우리 λͺΈμ—μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” μ—΄μ˜ 85νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
which the heart and blood vessels then spread evenly across the body
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그리고 심μž₯κ³Ό ν˜ˆκ΄€μ€ κ·Έ 열을 우리 신체에 κ³ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
via the blood.
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μ΄λŠ” ν˜ˆμ•‘μ„ 톡해 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€μ§€μš”.
04:15
Without that, we couldn't maintain the temperature necessary
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λ§Œμ•½ 그렇지 μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 생쑴에 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ²΄μ˜¨μ„ μœ μ§€ ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
for our survival.
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04:20
The muscular system may be largely invisible to us,
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κ·Όμœ‘κ³„λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ‘°μ§μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
04:23
but it leaves its mark on almost everything we do,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν–‰λ™μ˜ 이면엔 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
whether it's the blink of an eye or a race to the finish line.
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이듀 덕뢄에 λˆˆμ„ 깜빑거릴 수 도 있고 κ²°μŠΉμ„ κΉŒμ§€ 달릴 수 도 μžˆμ§€μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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