The otherworldly creatures in the ocean's deepest depths - Lidia Lins

2,265,589 views ・ 2016-05-24

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: seohyeon Yoon κ²€ν† : hale kwon
00:07
It's easy to forget how vast and deep the ocean really is.
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λ°”λ‹€κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•˜κ³  κΉŠμ€μ§€ 잊기 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
About 60% of it is actually a cold and dark region
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60%정도가 사싀은 μ•„μ£Ό μ°¨κ°‘κ³  μ–΄λ‘μš΄ μ˜μ—­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:15
known as the deep ocean.
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심해라고 μ•Œλ €μ Έμžˆμ£ 
00:18
And it reaches down to 11,000 meters.
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λ˜ν•œ 11,000km둜 κΉŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:21
Yet, this remote zone is also one of the greatest habitats on Earth,
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이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ ꡬ역은 μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ μ„œμ‹μ§€μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λ©°
00:26
harboring a huge diversity of life,
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μ•„μ£Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 쒅을 λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:28
from giant squids and goblin sharks
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κ±°λŒ€ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄μ™€ κ΄΄λ¬Ό 상어뢀터
00:31
to minuscule animals smaller than a millimeter.
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1mm도 채 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μž‘μ€ μƒλ¬Όλ“€κΉŒμ§€μš”.
00:35
How do so many species thrive in this underwater world?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 생물듀이 λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ μ„œμ‹ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:40
Over the decades, intrepid scientists have ventured there to find out.
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λͺ‡ μ‹­λ…„κ°„ λŒ€λ‹΄ν•œ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 그곳에 κ°€μ„œ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λ € ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Traveling down through the water column,
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λ¬ΌκΈ°λ‘₯을 톡해 λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©΄
00:46
pressure increases and light begins to wane.
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μ••λ ₯은 세지고 빛은 사라지기 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
At 200 meters, photosynthesis stops
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200mμ—μ„œ 광합성이 λ©ˆμΆ”κ³ 
00:54
and temperature decreases from surface temperatures
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수면 μ˜¨λ„μ™€ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λ©΄ μ˜¨λ„κ°€ κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ 쀄어듀어
00:57
by up to 20 degrees Celsius.
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20도 μ΄μƒκΉŒμ§€ 차이가 λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
By 1000 meters, normal sunlight has disappeared altogether.
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1,000mκΉŒμ§€ λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©΄ ν–‡λΉ› μžμ²΄κ°€ μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
Without light, life as we know it seems impossible.
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빛이 μ—†μœΌλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” 삢은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
That's why in 1844, the naturalist Edward Forbes
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 1844λ…„ μžμ—°ν•™μž μ—λ“œμ›Œλ“œ ν¬λΈŒμŠ€κ°€
01:12
wrote his Azoic Theory,
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무생물 μ‹œλŒ€ 이둠을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
Azoic, meaning without animals.
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무생물 μ‹œλŒ€λž€ 생물이 μ—†μŒμ„ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
Forbes was sure that nothing could survive below 600 meters
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ν¬λΈŒμŠ€λŠ” 600λ―Έν„° λ°‘μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 빛이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κΈ°μ—
01:23
on account of the lack of light.
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아무것도 μ‚΄ 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Of course, the discovery of deep-sea species proved him wrong.
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 심해 μƒλ¬Όμ˜ λ°œκ²¬μ€ κ·Έκ°€ ν‹€λ ΈμŒμ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
What Forbes failed to take into account is something called marine snow,
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ν¬λΈŒμŠ€λŠ” λ°”λ‹€λˆˆμ΄λΌλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해보지 λͺ»ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
which sounds much nicer than it is.
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μ‹€μ œ λͺ¨μŠ΅λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 훨씬 λ“£κΈ° 쒋은 이름이죠.
01:37
Marine snow is basically organic matter,
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λ°”λ‹€λˆˆμ€ 기본적으둜 μœ κΈ°λ¬Όμ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
things like particles of dead algae, plants, and animals,
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μ‘°λ₯˜μ™€ 동식물이 μ£½μ–΄ μž…μž 같은 것듀이
01:43
drifting down into the depths
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κΉŠμ€ 곳으둜 λ–¨μ–΄μ Έ
01:46
and acting as food for deep-sea animals.
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심해 μƒλ¬Όλ“€μ˜ 먹이 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Largely thanks to that, abundant life forms exist in the darkness,
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덕뢄에 μ–΄λ‘ μ†μ—μ„œλ„ μ˜€λ‘œμ§€ μ΄μƒν•œ κ²ƒλ“€λ§Œμ΄ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨λŠ” 거친
01:53
adapting to a harsh reality where only the weird and wonderful can survive.
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ν˜„μ‹€μ—μ„œλ„ μ μ‘ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 생λͺ…체듀이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:59
Fish with cavernous mouths,
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ν„±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘œμš΄ 이빨이 νŠ€μ–΄λ‚˜μ˜¨
02:00
spiky teeth jutting from their jaws,
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동꡴ 같은 μž…μ„ 가진 물고기도 있고
02:03
and lamp-like structures protruding from their heads,
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거짓 λΆˆλΉ›μœΌλ‘œ 먹이λ₯Ό μœ μΈν•˜λŠ”
02:07
like the anglerfish which entices prey with its misleading glow.
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λ“±μž”λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ 것이 λ¨Έλ¦¬μ—μ„œ 돌좜된 아귀도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
Several sea creatures have perfected this lightning technique
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ 해양생물듀은 λΆˆλΉ› κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ κ°–μ·„λŠ”λ°
02:15
known as bioluminescence,
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μ΄λŠ” 생물 λ°œκ΄‘μ΄λΌκ³  μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있고
02:18
using it to lure prey,
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λ°œκ΄‘μœΌλ‘œ 먹이λ₯Ό μœ μΈν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
02:19
distract predators,
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ν¬μ‹μžλ₯Ό ν˜Όλž€μ‹œν‚€κ±°λ‚˜
02:21
or attract mates.
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짝을 μœ ν˜Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Some creatures use it for camoflauge.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ 생물듀은 μœ„μž₯ν•  λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
In parts of the water column where only faint blue light filters through,
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μ•„μ£Ό ν¬λ―Έν•œ ν‘Έλ₯Έ λΉ›λ§Œμ΄ ν†΅κ³Όν•˜λŠ” λ¬ΌκΈ°λ‘₯μ—μ„œ
02:29
animals bioluminesce to match the glow.
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생물듀이 λΆˆλΉ›μ„ λ‚΄λ©° λ°œκ΄‘μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
Predators or prey looking up from below
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μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ μœ„λ‘œ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” ν¬μ‹μžλ‚˜ λ¨Ήμ΄λŠ”
02:36
are deceived by this camoflauge,
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μƒλ¬Όμ˜ 싀루엣을 보지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³ 
02:38
unable to see the creatures silhouette.
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이 μœ„μž₯μˆ μ— μ†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
Such otherworldly adaptations also arise from the need to locate
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ‹ κΈ°ν•œ 적응은 먹이가 사라지기 전에
02:45
and snatch up food before it drifts away.
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λ‚šμ•„μ±Œ ν•„μš”μ„±μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
Some sea animals, like jellyfish, comb jellies and salps
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ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬,λΉ—ν•΄νŒŒλ¦¬, μ‚΄νŒŒλ₯˜ λ“±μ˜ 해양생물듀은
02:53
can migrate between depths
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깊이λ₯Ό λ„˜λ‚˜λ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
partially because their 90% water consistency
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀이 90% 물둜 이뀄져 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이
02:58
allows them to withstand immense pressure.
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높은 μ••λ ₯μ—μ„œλ„ κ²¬λ”œ 수 있게 ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ 
03:01
But they're the exception.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그듀은 μ˜ˆμ™Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Most deep-sea creatures are confined to a narrow range in the water column
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 심해생물듀은 μ˜μ–‘λΆ„μ΄ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ
03:07
where nutrients are scarce
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쒁은 λ²”μœ„μ— λͺ¨μ—¬ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
since the food drifting downwards from the surface
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μœ„μͺ½μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λ €μ˜€λŠ” μ˜μ–‘λΆ„μ΄
03:11
rapidly sinks to the sea floor.
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λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ°”λ‹€ λ°”λ‹₯으둜 가라앉기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:14
Plunging all the way down, we find more exotic creatures.
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λ°‘μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©΄ λ”μš± κ΄΄μƒν•œ 생물듀을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
Some take on dwarfism,
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μ–΄λ–€ 생물은 μ™œμ†Œμ¦μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
a trait that transforms them into miniature versions of animals
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°”λ‹€ ν‘œλ©΄ κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ—μ„œ λ³΄λŠ” μƒλ¬Όμ˜
03:24
we see closer to the surface.
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μΆ•μ†ŒνŒμΈκ±°μ£ .
03:26
It's thought that reduced food availability causes the shrinkage.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 먹이가 λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄μ„œ μ™œμ†Œμ¦μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 것일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Only a tiny fraction of the food produced at the surface reaches the sea floor,
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λ°”λ‹€μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ—μ„œ μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” 먹이 쀑 μ•„μ£Ό 적은 μ–‘λ§Œμ΄ λ°”λ‹₯에 κ°€λΌμ•‰μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
so being small gives animals a low energy requirement
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μž‘μ€ 것은 μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 덜 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έκ°€ 되고
03:39
and an adaptive advantage.
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적응에 μœ λ¦¬ν•˜μ£ .
03:42
And yet, the sea is also the land of giants.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ°”λ‹€λŠ” λ˜ν•œ κ±°λŒ€ μƒλ¬Όμ˜ μ„œμ‹μ§€μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
Here, gargantuan squids can reach 18 meters long.
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μ—¬κΈ° κ±°λŒ€ μ˜€μ§•μ–΄λŠ” 18λ―Έν„°κΉŒμ§€ μžλž„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Isopods scuttle around the sea floor like enormous wood lice.
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등각λ₯˜λŠ” κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ₯λ©°λŠλ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌ ν•΄μ €λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΄λ‹€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
There are long-limbed Japanese spider crabs,
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닀리가 κΈ΄ ν‚€λ‹€λ¦¬κ²Œλ„ 있고
03:57
and oarfish, whose bodies stretch to 15 meters.
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λͺΈκΈΈμ΄κ°€ 15mκΉŒμ§€ μžλΌλŠ” μ‚°κ°ˆμΉ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
This trait is known as gigantism, and it's something of a mystery.
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거인증으둜 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 이것도 사싀 λ―ΈμŠ€ν…Œλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
It's thought that high oxygen levels may drive extreme growth in some species,
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높은 μ‚°μ†ŒλŸ‰μ΄ λͺ‡λͺ‡ 쒅을 κ±°λŒ€ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“ λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²¨μ§€λŠ”λ°
04:11
while the colder temperatures promote longer life spans,
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μ°¨κ°€μš΄ μ˜¨λ„κ°€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 수λͺ…을 μ—°μž₯μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
04:14
giving animals the opportunity to grow massive.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 그듀이 κ±°λŒ€ν•˜κ²Œ μžλž„ 수 있게 ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
Many of these exotic sea beasts will never experience sunlight.
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이런 λ…νŠΉν•œ λ°”λ‹€ μƒλ¬Όλ“€μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 햇빛을 보지 λͺ»ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
Some will venture up through the water column to feed,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ 생물듀은 먹이λ₯Ό 찾으렀고 λ¬ΌκΈ°λ‘₯ μœ„λ‘œ 올라올 것이고
04:24
and a few will actually break the waves,
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κ·Έ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λ§Œμ΄ κ·Έ 물결을 뚫고
04:27
reminding us at the surface
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우리 μ•žμ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ„œ
04:28
about the incredible survival skills of the ocean's deepest inhabitants.
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λ°”λ‹€μ˜ κ°€μž₯ λ°‘μ—μ„œ μ„œμ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ˜ λ†€λΌμš΄ 생쑴 방법을 κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ ν•΄μ€„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Humans still have an astounding 95% of the ocean left to explore.
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μΈκ°„μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 아직도 탐사해야 ν•  95%의 λ°”λ‹€κ°€ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
So those depths remain a great mystery.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ κ·Έ 뢀뢄은 아직 λ―ΈμŠ€ν…Œλ¦¬μ£ .
04:41
What other untold wonders lie far below, and which ones will we discover next?
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μ–΄λ–€ 경이둜운 것듀이 밑에 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? 우린 λ‹€μŒμ— 뭘 λ°œκ²¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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