Which is stronger: Glue or tape? - Elizabeth Cox

13,914,586 views ・ 2018-04-30

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Julia Robert κ²€ν† : InHyuk Song
00:07
The oldest glue in the world is over 8,000 years old
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μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 였래된 μ ‘μ°©μ œλŠ” 8,000λ…„ 이상 된 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
00:11
and comes from a cave near the Dead Sea.
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사해 근처의 λ™κ΅΄μ—μ„œ λΉ„λ‘―λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
Ancient people used this glue,
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κ³ λŒ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ™λ¬Όμ˜ λΌˆμ™€ 식물 μž¬λ£Œκ°€
00:16
made from a mixture of animal bone and plant materials,
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ν˜Όν•©λœ 이 μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
00:20
to waterproof baskets and construct utensils.
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방수 그릇, 식기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
And for thousands of years after,
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그리고 이후 수천 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
00:25
plants and animals were the glue that held human civilization together.
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μ‹λ¬Όλ“€μ΄λ‚˜ 동물듀은 인간 λ¬Έλͺ…을 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ¬ΆλŠ” μ ‘μ°©μ œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
Today, we have enough types of tape and glue to build and repair almost anything.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ ν…Œμ΄ν”„μ™€ μ ‘μ°©μ œλ‘œ 무엇이든 λ§Œλ“€κ³  μˆ˜λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
But what gives glue and tape their stickiness?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 무엇이 μ ‘μ°©μ œμ™€ ν…Œμ΄ν”„λ₯Ό 끈적거리게 ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:38
And is one stronger than the other?
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그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것보닀 더 κ°•ν•œ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:41
Adhesives can be made from synthetic molecules
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μ ‘μ°©μ œλŠ” λ‚˜λ¬΄ μˆ˜μ§€μ˜ ν…Œλ₯΄νŽœκ³Ό
00:44
or natural proteins and carbohydrates
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우유 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ 카세인 및
00:47
like the vegetable starch dextrin,
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식물성 녹말 덱슀트린 같은
00:49
the milk protein casein,
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ν•©μ„± λΆ„μž λ˜λŠ” μ²œμ—° λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆκ³Ό
00:51
and the terpenes in tree resin.
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νƒ„μˆ˜ν™”λ¬Όλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
In order to work, glue and tape need both adhesive bonds and cohesive bonds.
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μž‘μ—…ν•˜λ €λ©΄, μ ‘μ°©μ œλ‚˜ ν…Œμ΄ν”„λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ μ ‘μ°©μ œμ˜ κ²°ν•©κ³Ό μ μ°©μ„±μ˜ 결합이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
Adhesive bonds occur between an adhesive’s molecules
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μ ‘μ°©μ œ 결합은 μ ‘μ°©μ œμ˜ λΆ„μžμ™€ λΆ„μžμ— λΆ™μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 것에 상관없이
01:03
and the molecules of whatever it’s sticking to.
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κ·Έ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
Cohesive bonds happen between a glue or tape’s own molecules,
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μ μ°©μ„±μ˜ 결합은 μ ‘μ°©μ œλ‚˜ ν…Œμ΄ν”„ 자체 λΆ„μž μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ
01:11
holding it together.
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λ­‰μΉ˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
Most glues consist of adhesive polymers dissolved in a solvent
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ ‘μ°©μ œλŠ” λ³‘μ˜ μ•ˆμͺ½μ— 달라뢙지 μ•Šλ„λ‘
01:17
that prevents them from sticking to the inside of the bottle.
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μš©μ œμ— μš©ν•΄λœ μ ‘μ°©μ„± μˆ˜μ§€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
The strong smell of many glues comes from the solvent,
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λ§Žμ€ μ ‘μ°©μ œμ˜ κ°•ν•œ ν–₯은 μš©λ§€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ”λ°,
01:23
which evaporates when exposed to air.
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κ·Έ ν–₯은 κ³΅κΈ°μ—μ„œ 변색할 λ•Œ μ¦λ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
Some glues use water as a solvent,
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일뢀 μ ‘μ°©μ œλŠ” 용맀둜 물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
but others use chemicals that can be harmful to inhale.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ ‘μ°©μ œλ“€μ€ ν‘μž…ν•˜λ©΄ μœ„ν—˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν™”ν•™ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
Glues with two or more components that chemically react instead of just drying
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건쑰 λŒ€μ‹  화학적인 λ°˜μ‘μ„ ν•˜λŠ”
두 개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μš”μ†Œμ˜ μ ‘μ°©μ œλ“€μ€ 더 κ°•ν•œ 결합을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
can create stronger bonds.
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01:39
Both the adhesive and cohesive bonds of glue are strong,
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μ ‘μ°©μ œμ˜ μ ‘μ°©κ³Ό 응집λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” λΆ„μžλŠ” κ°•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
but the drying process makes them irreversible.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 건쑰 과정은 그것듀을 되돌릴 수 μ—†κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
This is why, if a glued surface is broken after it dries,
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μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό κ±΄μ‘°ν•œ ν›„, μ ‘μ°©λœ ν‘œλ©΄μ΄ κ°ˆλΌμ§€λŠ” 게 이 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈλ°μš”.
01:50
it can’t be reattached without new glue.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ ‘μ°©μ œ μ—†μ΄λŠ” μž¬λΆ€μ°©ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
By contrast, when tape is applied to a surface,
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λŒ€μ‘°μ μœΌλ‘œ ν…Œμ΄ν”„λŠ” ν‘œλ©΄μ— 뢀착될 λ•Œ
01:57
it forms weaker, reversible bonds,
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ν˜•νƒœκ°€ 더 약해지고, κ°€μ—­μ„± 결합을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:00
so you can peel a piece of tape off a surface and use it again.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ— ν…Œμ΄ν”„λ₯Ό λ²—κ²¨λ‚΄κ±°λ‚˜ λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
These weak bonds, called Van der Waals forces,
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판데λ₯΄ 발슀라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ•½ν•œ 결합듀은
02:08
can occur between any two materials,
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두 개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μž¬λ£Œμ—μ„œ μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
but only if they’re extremely close together,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 였직 κ·Έ λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ΄ 맨눈으둜 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것보닀 더 κ°€κΉŒμ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
closer than the naked eye can see.
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02:15
Tape usually consists of a backing coated with a combination of a rubber
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ν…Œμ΄ν”„λŠ” 보톡 고무의 μ‘°ν•©μœΌλ‘œ μ½”νŒ…λœ λ°›μΉ¨μ΄λ‚˜
02:20
or rubber-like "stretchy" component,
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λ˜λŠ” μ‹ μΆ•μ„± μžˆλŠ” λΆ€ν’ˆ 같은 고무,
02:23
and a compound called a tackifier.
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그리고 점착 λΆ€μ—¬μ œλΌλŠ” μš”μ†Œλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
That’s the "sticky" component.
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그것이 "λˆμ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ”" μš”μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
A tape’s stickiness is determined
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ν…Œμ΄ν”„μ˜ λˆμ μž„μ€
02:31
by the proportion of elastic component and tackifier,
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± λΆ€ν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ ‘μ°© λΆ€μ—¬μ œμ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄λ‚˜,
02:34
the thickness of adhesive spread onto the backing,
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λ’·λ©΄μ˜ μ ‘μ°©μ œμ˜ λ‘κ»˜,
02:37
and the type of backing material.
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그리고 λ’·λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 재료의 μ’…λ₯˜μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ κ²°μ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
No chemical reaction occurs when tape is pressed onto a surface.
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ν…Œμ΄ν”„μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ••λ ₯을 λ°›κ²Œ 될 λ•Œ, μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° ν™”ν•™ λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Instead, the soft adhesive flows into the cracks and grooves of the surface.
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ μ ‘μ°©μ œλŠ” ν‘œλ©΄μ˜ κ· μ—΄κ³Ό ν‹ˆμœΌλ‘œ 흘러 λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
This ability to slide into cracks and then stay in place is called viscoelasticity.
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κ· μ—΄λ‘œ λ―Έλ„λŸ¬μ Έ λ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 점탄성이라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Once the viscoelastic adhesive fills these microscopic crevices,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 점탄성 μ ‘μ°©μ œκ°€ λ―Έμ„Έν•œ ν‹ˆμ„ 가득 μ±„μš°λ©΄,
03:01
it is close enough to form Van der Waals forces.
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판데λ₯΄ 발슀의 νž˜μ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•  만큼 κ·Όμ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
So what’s the world’s strongest adhesive?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 이 μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μ ‘μ°©μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ κ°•ν• κΉŒμš”?
03:08
Well, there’s no one answer.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 닡은 μ—†λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
In terms of absolute strength of adhesive bonds,
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μ ‘μ°© κ²°ν•©μ˜ μ ˆλŒ€μ μΈ κ°•λ„μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ
03:14
glue is stronger than tape,
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μ ‘μ°©μ œλŠ” ν…Œμ΄ν”„λ³΄λ‹€ κ°•ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:16
but no single adhesive works well in all circumstances.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ ‘μ°©μ œκ°€ λͺ¨λ“  μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 잘 λΆ™μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Of the glues, cyanoacrylates, or super glues,
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μ ‘μ°©μ œ μ€‘μ—μ„œ, μ‹œμ•„λ…Έμ•„ν¬λ¦΄λ ˆμ΄νŠΈλ‚˜ μˆœκ°„μ ‘μ°©μ œλŠ”
03:25
may form the strongest bonds,
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κ°€μž₯ κ°•ν•œ 결합일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
03:27
but two-component epoxy glues have much higher resistance to heat and shearing,
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두 가지 μš”μ†Œμ˜ μ—ν­μ‹œ μ ‘μ°©μ œκ°€ μ—΄μ΄λ‚˜ 강도에 저항이 훨씬 λ†’κ±°λ‚˜
03:32
and are compatible with a wider range of surfaces.
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κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ ν•©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
So, if you wanted to dangle an anvil in the air,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ³΅κΈ°μ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ£¨μ— 맀달렀고 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
03:40
super glue might be your best bet.
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μˆœκ°„μ ‘μ°©μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
But if you’re doing so over an active volcano,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν™œν™”μ‚°μ—μ„œ 이λ₯Ό ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
03:46
you’d want an epoxy instead.
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μ—ν­μ‹œκ°€ λŒ€μ‹  ν•„μš”ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
And in order to work at all,
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접착이 잘 되기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”,
03:49
glues need enough real estate where surfaces touch.
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μ ‘μ°©μ œκ°€ ν‘œλ©΄μ— λ‹ΏλŠ” 곳에 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 뢀동산이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
If for some reason you wanted to make a chain of bowling balls,
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μ–΄λ–€ 이유둜 볼링곡을 μ—¬λŸ¬ 개 μ—°κ²°ν•˜λ €λ©΄
03:56
duct tape would be better.
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κ°•λ ₯ μ ‘μ°©ν…Œμ΄ν”„κ°€ 더 λ‚«κ² μ£ .
03:58
Engineers weigh similar, if less absurd, factors all the time.
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μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Choosing the right glue to withstand the heat inside an engine
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엔진 λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ μ—΄κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‹νžˆκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것은
04:06
is a matter of life and death.
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생사가 κ±Έλ¦° λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
And though the strength of duct tape’s adhesive bonds
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λ•νŠΈ ν…Œμ΄ν”„μ˜ μ ‘μ°©λ ₯은
04:11
can’t compete with those of epoxy glues,
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μ—ν­μ‹œ μ ‘μ°©μ œμ™€ 강도λ₯Ό 견쀄 수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ,
04:14
tape does have the advantage of instantaneous stickiness in an emergency.
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ν…Œμ΄ν”„λŠ” 응급 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 즉각적인 접착성이 μžˆλŠ” 이점을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
Glue may be necessary to get a rocket to space,
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μš°μ£Όμ— λ‘œμΌ“μ„ μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μ ‘μ°©μ œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•  지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
04:22
but when it comes to extraterrestrial repairs,
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μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ¦¬ν•  λ•ŒλŠ”
04:25
stick to duct tape: liquid glues don’t work in zero gravity.
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λ•νŠΈ ν…Œμ΄ν”„λ₯Ό μ“°μ„Έμš”, 무쀑λ ₯ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œλŠ” μ•‘μ²΄μ ‘μ°©μ œκ°€ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†λ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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