Why are beavers obsessed with dams? - Glynnis Hood

381,179 views ・ 2023-01-05

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeongyun Park κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:08
Nestled in the remote forests of northern Canada
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ λΆλΆ€μ˜ μ™Έλ”΄ μˆ²μ—
00:10
sits the world’s longest beaver dam.
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κΈ΄ 비버 댐이 자리작고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
Curving around the water like a castle wall,
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마치 μ„±λ²½μ²˜λŸΌ 물을 감싸고 μžˆλŠ”
00:16
this 850-meter-long structure is large enough to be seen in satellite imagery.
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이 850 λ―Έν„°μ§œλ¦¬ ꡬ쑰물은 μœ„μ„± μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œλ„ 보일 만큼 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
The dam and the generations of North American beavers that maintain it
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이 댐과 이것을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 수 μ„ΈλŒ€μ— 걸친 뢁아메리카 비버듀은
00:26
have dramatically transformed the region,
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이 지역을 κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
creating a pond containing roughly 70,000,000 liters of water.
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λ¬Ό μ•½ 7만 톀이 λ“€μ–΄μ°¬ μ—°λͺ»μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
00:33
This is a suitably sizable home for the creators of this woodland kingdom.
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이 μˆ²μ† 왕ꡭ을 λ§Œλ“  μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬λŠ” 큰 μ§‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
But even dams 1/100th the size of this one
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 크기가 μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ λ°±λΆ„μ˜ 일인 λŒμ‘°μ°¨λ„
00:41
can have huge impacts on their environment.
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μ£Όλ³€ ν™˜κ²½μ— 맀우 큰 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
So how exactly do beavers redesign the forest,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄, 비버듀은 μ •ν™•νžˆ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μˆ²μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
00:46
and how do they build these impressive structures in the first place?
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이처럼 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ ꡬ쑰물을 μ• λ‹Ήμ΄ˆ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ§“λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:50
Consider this beaver in the northwestern US.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ„œλΆλΆ€μ˜ 이 비버λ₯Ό 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:53
Standing just under 2 feet tall,
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ν‚€κ°€ μ•½ 60센티도 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” 이 λΉ„λ²„λŠ”
00:55
he’s a proud representative of the world’s second largest rodent species.
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λ‹Ήλ‹Ήν•˜κ²Œ 지ꡬ μƒμ—μ„œ 두 번째둜 큰 μ„€μΉ˜λ₯˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
While he’s at risk to predators on land, once he’s built a lodge,
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μœ‘μ§€μ—μ„œλŠ” ν¬μ‹μžλ“€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μœ„ν—˜ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
일단 집을 μ§€μœΌλ©΄ μ•ˆμ „μ„ μ§€μΌœμ€„ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ ν•΄μžκ°€ μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
he’ll have a massive moat to keep him safe.
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01:07
But he can’t just build a dam anywhere.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 아무 λ°λ‚˜ λ¬΄ν„±λŒ€κ³  λŒμ„ 지을 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
Following the sounds of running water,
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흐λ₯΄λŠ” λ¬Όμ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ”°λΌκ°€λ©΄μ„œ
01:11
our beaver searches heavily wooded areas
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우리 λΉ„λ²„λŠ” λͺΉμ‹œ μšΈμ°½ν•œ μˆ²μ„ λ’€μ Έμ„œ
01:14
to find a medium-sized stream that’s not too steep or too deep.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ°€νŒŒλ₯΄κ±°λ‚˜ κΉŠμ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ λ‹Ήν•œ 크기의 κ°œμšΈμ„ μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
After abandoning one construction site due to its rocky floor,
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λ°”λ‹₯이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λŒνˆ¬μ„±μ΄λΌ 개울 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό ν¬κΈ°ν•œ 뒀에
01:23
he finds a stream with a soft, muddy bottom.
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λ°”λ‹₯이 λΆ€λ“œλŸ½κ³  진흙인 κ°œμšΈμ„ μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Combining vegetation, mud, and sticks,
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초λͺ©, 진흙과 λ‚˜λ­‡κ°€μ§€λ“€μ„ ν•©μ³μ„œ
01:29
he creates a small bank along the stream’s edge.
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κ°œμšΈκ°€λ₯Ό 따라 μž‘μ€ 둑을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Then, using a bite almost 3 times stronger than any other mammal of this size,
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κ·Έλ‹€μŒ 같은 크기의 λ‹€λ₯Έ 포유λ₯˜λ³΄λ‹€ μ„Έ λ°° 정도 κ°•ν•œ λ¬΄λŠ” νž˜μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄
01:39
our beaver chews nearby logs into sturdy sticks.
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우리 λΉ„λ²„λŠ” 근처의 ν†΅λ‚˜λ¬΄λ“€λ‘œ νŠΌνŠΌν•œ λ‚˜λ­‡κ°€μ§€λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
He then rolls them into the water and spikes them down into the soft streambed.
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κ·Έ ν›„, λ¬Όμ†μœΌλ‘œ κ΅΄λ € λ„£μ–΄μ„œ λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μš΄ 개울 λ°”λ‹₯에 κ½‚μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
Beaver dams come in several shapes,
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비버듀이 μ§“λŠ” λŒλ“€μ€ ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬ κ°€μ§€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:50
but our beaver opts for a concave dam to dissipate the forceful flowing water,
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우리 λΉ„λ²„λŠ” μ„Ό 물살에 버티도둝 였λͺ©ν•œ λͺ¨μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ„ 짓고,
01:56
and layers in large rocks to reinforce areas
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물살이 κ°€μž₯ μ„Ό κ³³μ—λŠ” 큰 λŒλ“€μ„ 측측이 μŒ“μ•„ λ³΄κ°•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
where water flows the strongest.
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02:01
Depending on a dam’s length, the stream’s speed,
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댐의 길이, μœ μ†κ³Ό 같이 λŒμ„ μŒ“λŠ” λΉ„λ²„μ˜ μˆ˜μ— 따라
02:04
and the number of beavers on the job,
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02:06
these devoted architects can build shockingly fast.
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이 ν—Œμ‹ μ μΈ 건좕가듀은 λ†€λž„ 만큼 빨리 μ™„μ„±ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
In some cases where humans tried to remove dams,
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μ–΄λ–¨ λ•ŒλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λŒμ„ μ—†μ• λ €κ³  ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
02:13
beavers have rebuilt them overnightβ€”
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비버듀은 ν•˜λ£»λ°€ λ§Œμ— λŒμ„ λ‹€μ‹œ μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
sometimes rebuilding larger than they were before.
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μ–΄λ–¨ λ•ŒλŠ” 전보닀 더 크게 μ§€μ—ˆμ£ .
02:18
Like most dams, our beaver’s project
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λŒλ“€κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ, 우리 λΉ„λ²„μ˜ λŒλ„ 겨우 λͺ‡ λ―Έν„°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
is just a couple meters long.
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02:23
And working alone, this dam could take several days to complete.
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ν˜Όμžμ„œ μΌν•˜λ©΄, 이 λŒμ€ 며칠이면 μ™„μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
But once the structure spans the channel, his watery home begins to fill up.
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일단 댐이 수둜λ₯Ό λ§‰μœΌλ©΄ 물이 μ°¨κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
As the pond grows,
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μ—°λͺ»μ΄ 점차둜 컀지면
02:33
he’ll extend the dam to block water flowing around the sides.
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물이 μ˜†μœΌλ‘œ μƒˆμ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ λŒμ„ μ—°μž₯ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
However, some is permitted to leak downstream,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 물이 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 흘러 λ‚΄λ €κ°ˆ 수 있게 ν•΄μ„œ
02:39
releasing pressure on the dam and regulating the pond’s water levels.
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댐이 λ°›λŠ” μ••λ ₯을 쀄이고, μ—°λͺ»μ˜ μˆ˜μœ„λ₯Ό μΌμ •ν•˜κ²Œ μ‘°μ ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
The larger the pond, the larger the beaver’s territory.
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μ—°λͺ»μ΄ 크면 클수둝, λΉ„λ²„μ˜ μ˜μ—­λ„ μ»€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
And since they can hold their breath for up to 15 minutes,
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λΉ„λ²„λŠ” μ΅œλŒ€ 15λΆ„ λ™μ•ˆ μˆ¨μ„ 참을 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
02:50
beavers can easily access food along the shorelines.
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λ¬Όκ°€μ—μ„œ μ‰½κ²Œ 먹을거리λ₯Ό ꡬ할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Throughout the fall, our beaver builds up an impressive supply for winterβ€”
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가을 λ™μ•ˆ, λΉ„λ²„λŠ” κ²¨μšΈμ„ λŒ€λΉ„ν•΄ μ‹λŸ‰μ„ μ•„μ£Ό 많이 λΉ„μΆ•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
while also looking for someone to share it with.
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ν•¨κ»˜ 먹을 짝도 μ°ΎμœΌλ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:00
Beavers are fiercely territorial, but they also bond for life.
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λΉ„λ²„λŠ” μ˜μ—­ λ³ΈλŠ₯이 λͺΉμ‹œ κ°•ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ™λ°˜μžμ™€ 평생 ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
When the pond freezes over,
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μ—°λͺ»μ΄ μ–Όμ–΄λΆ™μœΌλ©΄, 우리 μƒˆ 비버 쌍이 ν•˜λŠ” 일은
03:07
our new beaver couple splits their time
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03:09
between making trips to the food cache with their lodge’s private entrance
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λΉ„λ°€ ν†΅λ‘œλ‘œ μŒμ‹ μ €μž₯고에 κ°€λŠ” 것과
03:13
and starting a family.
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μƒˆ 가쑱을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
Come summertime, the juveniles will help reinforce and expand their dam,
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여름이 였면, μƒˆλΌλ“€μ€ λŒμ„ 고치고 ν™•μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것을 돕고
03:19
gather food, and watch their younger siblings.
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μŒμ‹μ„ λͺ¨μœΌκ³  동생듀을 λŒλ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
After 2 to 3 years,
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이삼 λ…„ 뒀에
03:23
these young beavers will disperse to find territory and mates of their own.
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μ–΄λ¦° 비버듀은 μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜μ—­κ³Ό 짝을 μ°Ύμ•„ λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
But their ancestral dam can last for decades.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 기쑴의 λŒμ€ μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μœ μ§€λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
Maintenance work is continued by descendants of the original colony,
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보수 μž‘μ—…μ€ μ›λž˜ κ°€μ‘±μ˜ μžμ†λ“€μ΄ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
03:34
or new beavers that move in when the reigning family leaves.
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μ›λž˜ 가쑱이 λ– λ‚˜κ³  λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨ μƒˆ 비버듀이 κ³„μ†ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
There’s certainly no shortage of neighborsβ€”
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이웃듀은 κ²°μ½” λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
some regions have as many as 40 beaver dams per kilometer of stream.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ§€μ—­μ—λŠ” 개울 1km에 비버 댐이 λ§ˆν” κ°œλ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
This is great news for surrounding wildlife
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이듀 λ°˜μˆ˜μƒ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ— 크게 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ”
03:46
that rely heavily on these semi-aquatic engineers.
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μ£Όλ³€ λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Lodges can serve as nesting sites and refuges for various species of waterfowl.
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λΉ„λ²„μ˜ 집은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 였리λ₯˜μ˜ λ‘₯지와 ν”Όλ‚œμ²˜λ‘œ μ“°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Beaver channels also connect bodies of water,
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비버 μˆ˜λ‘œλ“€μ€ λ˜ν•œ 물쀄기듀을 μ—°κ²°ν•΄μ„œ
03:57
increasing the biodiverse areas between water and land.
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μœ‘μ§€μ™€ λ¬Ό μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 생물닀양성 지역을 λŠ˜λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
Humans benefit from beaver construction projects too.
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인간듀 μ—­μ‹œ 비버 λŒμ—μ„œ ν˜œνƒμ„ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
Their ponds help replenish groundwater stores,
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λΉ„λ²„λ“€μ˜ μ—°λͺ»μ€ μ§€ν‘œμˆ˜μ˜ 면적을 λ„“νž˜μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:07
in part by creating large expanses of surface water.
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μ§€ν•˜μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ±„μš°λŠ” 데 도움을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
And just like their manmade counterparts,
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그리고, 인간이 λ§Œλ“  댐과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ
04:13
beaver dams slow floodwaters.
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ν™μˆ˜ λ•Œ 물의 μœ μ†μ„ λŠ¦μΆ°μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
So just by following their natural instincts,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ, 단지 λ³ΈλŠ₯을 λ”°λ¦„μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:18
these ecosystem engineers create huge impacts downstream.
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이 μƒνƒœκ³„ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ€ 큰 후속 효과λ₯Ό λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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