Why are beavers obsessed with dams? - Glynnis Hood

522,309 views ใƒป 2023-01-05

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeongyun Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:08
Nestled in the remote forests of northern Canada
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ์™ธ๋”ด ์ˆฒ์—
00:10
sits the worldโ€™s longest beaver dam.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ๋น„๋ฒ„ ๋Œ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Curving around the water like a castle wall,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์„ฑ๋ฒฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
00:16
this 850-meter-long structure is large enough to be seen in satellite imagery.
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์ด 850 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์œ„์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณด์ผ ๋งŒํผ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
The dam and the generations of North American beavers that maintain it
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์ด ๋Œ๊ณผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋น„๋ฒ„๋“ค์€
00:26
have dramatically transformed the region,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
creating a pond containing roughly 70,000,000 liters of water.
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๋ฌผ ์•ฝ 7๋งŒ ํ†ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์ฐฌ ์—ฐ๋ชป์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:33
This is a suitably sizable home for the creators of this woodland kingdom.
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์ด ์ˆฒ์† ์™•๊ตญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
But even dams 1/100th the size of this one
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์ธ ๋Œ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
00:41
can have huge impacts on their environment.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
So how exactly do beavers redesign the forest,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋น„๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ˆฒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
00:46
and how do they build these impressive structures in the first place?
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์• ๋‹น์ดˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:50
Consider this beaver in the northwestern US.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„œ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ์ด ๋น„๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:53
Standing just under 2 feet tall,
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ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 60์„ผํ‹ฐ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š”
00:55
heโ€™s a proud representative of the worldโ€™s second largest rodent species.
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๋‹น๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํฐ ์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
While heโ€™s at risk to predators on land, once heโ€™s built a lodge,
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์œก์ง€์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
์ผ๋‹จ ์ง‘์„ ์ง€์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์ง€์ผœ์ค„ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
heโ€™ll have a massive moat to keep him safe.
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01:07
But he canโ€™t just build a dam anywhere.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌดํ„ฑ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋Œ์„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Following the sounds of running water,
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ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฌผ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
01:11
our beaver searches heavily wooded areas
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ชน์‹œ ์šธ์ฐฝํ•œ ์ˆฒ์„ ๋’ค์ ธ์„œ
01:14
to find a medium-sized stream thatโ€™s not too steep or too deep.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊นŠ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์šธ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
After abandoning one construction site due to its rocky floor,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Œํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ ๊ฐœ์šธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋’ค์—
01:23
he finds a stream with a soft, muddy bottom.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™์ธ ๊ฐœ์šธ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Combining vegetation, mud, and sticks,
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์ดˆ๋ชฉ, ์ง„ํ™๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ
01:29
he creates a small bank along the streamโ€™s edge.
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๊ฐœ์šธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž‘์€ ๋‘‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Then, using a bite almost 3 times stronger than any other mammal of this size,
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋Š” ํž˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด
01:39
our beaver chews nearby logs into sturdy sticks.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ํ†ต๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค๋กœ ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
He then rolls them into the water and spikes them down into the soft streambed.
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๊ทธ ํ›„, ๋ฌผ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด๋ ค ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฐœ์šธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๊ฝ‚์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Beaver dams come in several shapes,
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๋น„๋ฒ„๋“ค์ด ์ง“๋Š” ๋Œ๋“ค์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:50
but our beaver opts for a concave dam to dissipate the forceful flowing water,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š” ์„ผ ๋ฌผ์‚ด์— ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๋„๋ก ์˜ค๋ชฉํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์„ ์ง“๊ณ ,
01:56
and layers in large rocks to reinforce areas
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๋ฌผ์‚ด์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ผ ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ํฐ ๋Œ๋“ค์„ ์ธต์ธต์ด ์Œ“์•„ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
where water flows the strongest.
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02:01
Depending on a damโ€™s length, the streamโ€™s speed,
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๋Œ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด, ์œ ์†๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ์„ ์Œ“๋Š” ๋น„๋ฒ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:04
and the number of beavers on the job,
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02:06
these devoted architects can build shockingly fast.
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์ด ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒํผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
In some cases where humans tried to remove dams,
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์–ด๋–จ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์„ ์—†์• ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:13
beavers have rebuilt them overnightโ€”
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๋น„๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃป๋ฐค ๋งŒ์— ๋Œ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
sometimes rebuilding larger than they were before.
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์–ด๋–จ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:18
Like most dams, our beaverโ€™s project
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋น„๋ฒ„์˜ ๋Œ๋„ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ช‡ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
is just a couple meters long.
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02:23
And working alone, this dam could take several days to complete.
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ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด ๋Œ์€ ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด๋ฉด ์™„์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
But once the structure spans the channel, his watery home begins to fill up.
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋Œ์ด ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
As the pond grows,
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์—ฐ๋ชป์ด ์ ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด
02:33
heโ€™ll extend the dam to block water flowing around the sides.
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๋ฌผ์ด ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋Œ์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
However, some is permitted to leak downstream,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
02:39
releasing pressure on the dam and regulating the pondโ€™s water levels.
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๋Œ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ชป์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
The larger the pond, the larger the beaverโ€™s territory.
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์—ฐ๋ชป์ด ํฌ๋ฉด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋น„๋ฒ„์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋„ ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
And since they can hold their breath for up to 15 minutes,
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๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 15๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆจ์„ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
02:50
beavers can easily access food along the shorelines.
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๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋จน์„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
Throughout the fall, our beaver builds up an impressive supply for winterโ€”
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๊ฐ€์„ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
while also looking for someone to share it with.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋จน์„ ์ง๋„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:00
Beavers are fiercely territorial, but they also bond for life.
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๋น„๋ฒ„๋Š” ์˜์—ญ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ชน์‹œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž์™€ ํ‰์ƒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
When the pond freezes over,
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์—ฐ๋ชป์ด ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์œผ๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒˆ ๋น„๋ฒ„ ์Œ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
03:07
our new beaver couple splits their time
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03:09
between making trips to the food cache with their lodgeโ€™s private entrance
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๋น„๋ฐ€ ํ†ต๋กœ๋กœ ์Œ์‹ ์ €์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
03:13
and starting a family.
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์ƒˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Come summertime, the juveniles will help reinforce and expand their dam,
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์˜ค๋ฉด, ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๊ณ 
03:19
gather food, and watch their younger siblings.
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์Œ์‹์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ๋™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
After 2 to 3 years,
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์ด์‚ผ ๋…„ ๋’ค์—
03:23
these young beavers will disperse to find territory and mates of their own.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋น„๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์ง์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
But their ancestral dam can last for decades.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋Œ์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Maintenance work is continued by descendants of the original colony,
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๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์›๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ž์†๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:34
or new beavers that move in when the reigning family leaves.
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์›๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ์ƒˆ ๋น„๋ฒ„๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Thereโ€™s certainly no shortage of neighborsโ€”
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์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
some regions have as many as 40 beaver dams per kilometer of stream.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์šธ 1km์— ๋น„๋ฒ„ ๋Œ์ด ๋งˆํ” ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
This is great news for surrounding wildlife
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์ด๋“ค ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜์ƒ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š”
03:46
that rely heavily on these semi-aquatic engineers.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Lodges can serve as nesting sites and refuges for various species of waterfowl.
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๋น„๋ฒ„์˜ ์ง‘์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‘ฅ์ง€์™€ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ฒ˜๋กœ ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Beaver channels also connect bodies of water,
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๋น„๋ฒ„ ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ
03:57
increasing the biodiverse areas between water and land.
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์œก์ง€์™€ ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Humans benefit from beaver construction projects too.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๋น„๋ฒ„ ๋Œ์—์„œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Their ponds help replenish groundwater stores,
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๋น„๋ฒ„๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๋ชป์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๋„“ํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:07
in part by creating large expanses of surface water.
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์ง€ํ•˜์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
And just like their manmade counterparts,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋Œ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
04:13
beaver dams slow floodwaters.
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ํ™์ˆ˜ ๋•Œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œ ์†์„ ๋Šฆ์ถฐ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
So just by following their natural instincts,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:18
these ecosystem engineers create huge impacts downstream.
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์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์€ ํฐ ํ›„์† ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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