The ferocious predatory dinosaurs of Cretaceous Sahara - Nizar Ibrahim

1,957,235 views ・ 2017-06-06

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: KwangYu Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:08
There are few places on Earth less hospitable to life
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μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ λΌ›μ†κΉŒμ§€ 말라 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ 사막보닀
00:11
than the bone-dry Sahara Desert.
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더 μ‚΄κΈ° νž˜λ“  곳은 거의 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
Yet it wasn't always this way.
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그런데 항상 그랬던 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
100 million years ago, during a period known as the Mid-Cretaceous,
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10μ–΅ λ…„ μ „, λ°±μ•…κΈ° μ€‘λ°˜κΈ° λ™μ•ˆμ—λŠ”
00:22
a gargantuan river system flowed across the region
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μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ 강이 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘œμ½”에 이λ₯΄λŠ”
00:25
from modern day Egypt to Morocco.
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지역을 따라 ν˜λ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
The whole world at that time would look rather different to us.
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— μ„Έκ³„λŠ” λ‹¬λΌλ³΄μ˜€μ£ .
00:32
The continents had yet to assume their current positions.
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각 λŒ€λ₯™μ€ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
Extreme temperatures were common
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μ˜¨λ„λŠ” κ·Ήλ‹¨μ μ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
00:37
and fierce storms made life unpredictable.
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κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ ν­ν’μœΌλ‘œ 삢은 λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
Dinosaurs flourished on land,
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λ•…μ—λŠ” 곡룑이 λ²ˆμ„±ν–ˆκ³ ,
00:43
pterosaurs roamed the skies,
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ν•˜λŠ˜μ—λŠ” 읡룑λ₯˜κ°€ λ°°νšŒν–ˆκ³ ,
00:45
and giant marine reptiles and sharks swam in warm seas.
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λ”°λœ»ν•œ λ°”λ‹·λ¬Όμ—λŠ” κ±°λŒ€ν•œ ν•΄μ–‘ 파좩λ₯˜μ™€ 상어가 ν—€μ—„μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Small mammals, our ancestors, lived quite literally in the shadow
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우리의 쑰상인 μž‘μ€ 동물듀은 이런 비정상적인 생λͺ…체가 λ§Œλ“ 
00:56
of these extraordinary creatures.
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그늘 λ°‘μ—μ„œ μ •λ§λ‘œ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
In this world of huge predators,
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 포식 동물듀이 μ‚¬λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ,
01:02
the River of Giants,
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜
01:03
which is what some call this region of what is now northern Africa,
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뢁아프리카 지역이라고 ν˜ΉμžλŠ” λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ±°λŒ€ 동물듀이 μ‚¬λŠ” 강은
01:07
stood out as particularly dangerous.
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νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
In most ecosystems, it's lonely at the top of the food chain.
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μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ, 그곳은 먹이 μ‚¬μŠ¬ κΌ­λŒ€κΈ°μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ μ™Έλ‘œμš΄ κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
There usually isn't enough prey to sustain many predators.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 포식 동물을 μœ„ν•œ 먹이가 자주 λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
Yet an incredible variety of aquatic prey species in the river-based ecosystem
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 강에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„μ—λŠ” 믿을 수 μ—†μ„λ§ŒμΉ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 물속 먹이감으둜
01:23
may have allowed a large and diverse population of apex predators to coexist.
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정상에 μ‚¬λŠ” μˆ˜μ—†μ΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 포식 동물듀은 곡쑴할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
We know this thanks to a wealth of fossils we found in an area
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켐 켐 λ² λ“œλΌ λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ ν™”μ„λ“€λ‘œ 인해
01:34
called the Kem Kem Beds.
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μ €ν¬λŠ” 이걸 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
Many of the predators we've discovered had head and body shapes
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저희가 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 포식 동물 쀑 λ§Žμ€ μˆ˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ™€ 크기의 물속 먹이감을
01:39
that made them uniquely adapted to hunt the different types and sizes
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사λƒ₯ν•  수 μžˆκ²Œλ” λ…νŠΉν•˜κ²Œ μ μ‘ν•œ 머리와 λͺΈ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό κ°€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
of aquatic prey.
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01:46
This allowed many Kem Kem predators to take full advantage
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μ΄λ‘œμ„œ 켐 켐 μ§€μ—­μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 포식 동물은 이 지역에 ν’λΆ€ν•œ ν•œ 가지 먹이감인
01:49
of the one abundant food source in this environment: fish.
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 적극 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
This also allowed them to avoid direct competition
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이둜 인해 포식 동물듀은 μœ‘μ§€λ₯Ό μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” ν¬μ‹λ™λ¬Όκ³Όμ˜
01:58
with the predators going after land-loving animals.
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직접적인 κ²½μŸμ„ ν”Όν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
Prey species in the river system had to contend with attacks from all sides,
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κ°• μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ 먹이감인 동물듀은 λ„μ²˜μ—μ„œ, ν•˜λŠ˜λ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬,
02:08
including from above.
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λ°€λ €μ˜€λŠ” 곡격에 λ§žμ„œμ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
Flying reptiles dominated the skies.
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λ‚ μ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 파좩λ₯˜λŠ” ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ μ§€λ°°ν–ˆμ£ .
02:13
Alanqa Saharica had a wingspan of up to nine meters,
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μ•Œλž€μΉ΄ μ‚¬ν•˜λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ‚ κ°œν­μ€ 9m에 λ‹¬ν–ˆκ³ ,
02:17
and long slender jaws that helped it snatch fish
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물고기와 μž‘μ€ 지상 동물을 λ‚šμ•„μ±„κΈ° 쒋은
02:20
and small terrestrial animals.
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κΈΈμ­‰ν•˜κ³  ν˜Έλ¦¬ν˜Έλ¦¬ν•œ 턱을 κ°€μ‘Œμ£ .
02:24
At least seven different types of crocodile-like predators
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 길이가 λŒ€λž΅ 10m인 μ—˜λ‘œμˆ˜μΏ μŠ€λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬,
02:27
patrolled the waterways,
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μ•…μ–΄μ²˜λŸΌ 생긴
02:29
including the roughly ten-meter-long Elosuchus.
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일곱 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 포식동물이 λ¬Όμœ„λ₯Ό κ±Έμ–΄λ‹€λ…”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
And multiple species of T-rex-sized carnivorous dinosaurs called theropods,
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μˆ˜κ°μ•„λͺ©μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” ν‹°-λ ‰μŠ€λž‘ 크기가 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μœ‘μ‹ 곡룑이
02:38
lived side by side.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
In the River of Giants, Spinosaurus was king.
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κ±°λŒ€ 동물듀이 μ‚¬λŠ” κ°•μ—μ„œ 왕은 μŠ€ν”Όλ…Έμ‚¬μš°λ£¨μŠ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
This 15-meter-long dinosaur was even longer than T-rex,
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ν‹°-λ ‰μŠ€λ³΄λ‹€ 더 큰 길이가 15m인 이 곡룑은
02:49
with short muscular hind legs,
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근윑질의 짧은 뒷닀리와
02:51
a flexible tail,
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μœ μ—°ν•œ 꼬리,
02:53
and broad feet.
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넓은 λ°œμ„ 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
It's two-meter-high sail warned other creatures of its fearsome size
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높이가 2m인 κ³¨νŒμ€ κ·Έ λ¬΄μ‹œλ¬΄μ‹œν•œ 크기둜 λ‹€λ₯Έ 동물듀을 μœ„ν˜‘ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
02:59
and may have also been used to attract mates.
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짝을 μœ ν˜Ήν•˜λŠ”λ°λ„ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Spinosaurus' long slender jaws were spiked with conical teeth,
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μŠ€ν”Όλ…Έμ‚¬μš°λ£¨μŠ€μ˜ κΈΈκ³  μœ μ—°ν•œ ν„±μ—λŠ” λ―ΈλŒλ―ΈλŒν•œ μˆ˜μ€‘ λ¨Ήμž‡κ°μ„ μˆœμ‹κ°„μ—
03:07
perfect for swiftly clamping down on slippery aquatic prey.
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λ‚šμ•„ 챌 수 μžˆλŠ” 원뿔 λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ 이빨이 λ°•ν˜€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
This apex predator, as well as its ecosystem,
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이 μ΅œμƒμœ„ ν¬μ‹μžλŠ”, μžμ‹ μ΄ μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μƒνƒœκ³„μ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ,
03:16
is unparalleled in the history of life on Earth.
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지ꡬ μœ„ 생λͺ…체 쀑 μ–΄λŠ 것과도 비ꡐ할 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
All that's left of these fearsome predators are fossils.
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이 μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ ν¬μ‹μžκ°€ 남긴 건 ν™”μ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
About 93 million years ago, sea levels rose,
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9μ–΅ 3천 만 λ…„ 전에 ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄μ΄ μƒμŠΉν•˜μž,
03:28
submerging the Kem Kem region in a shallow sea.
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켐 켐 지역은 얕은 바닷물에 μž κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
Tens of millions of years later,
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수 천만 λ…„ ν›„,
03:34
an asteroid impact,
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μ†Œν–‰μ„± 좩돌,
03:36
volcanic eruptions,
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ν™”μ‚° 폭발,
03:37
and associated changes in climate
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그둜 μΈν•œ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ
03:40
wiped out the dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and many other groups of animals and plants,
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곡룑과 읡룑, λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ 동물과 식물, 그듀이 μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ”
03:45
including their unique ecoysystems.
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μ „λ©Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
That mass extinction paved the way for the rise of new kinds of birds,
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κ·Έ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 멸쒅이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μƒˆμ™€ 그보닀 큰 포유λ₯˜, 결ꡭ에 κ°€μ„œλŠ”
03:53
larger mammals,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 탄생할 수 μžˆλŠ”
03:54
and eventually us.
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길을 λ‹¦μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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