How close are we to eradicating HIV? - Philip A. Chan

867,267 views ใƒป 2019-06-10

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hwihyeon Gil ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jungmin Hwang
00:06
The world is getting closer
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
00:08
to achieving one of the most important public health goals of our time:
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
eradicating HIV.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—์ด์ฆˆ ํ‡ด์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
And to do this, we wonโ€™t even have to cure the disease.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตณ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
We simply have to stop HIV from being transmitted
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๊ทธ์ € ์—์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ์›์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ธ HIV๊ฐ€ ์ „์—ผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„์„œ
00:21
until eventually it fizzles out.
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์ ์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๊ทธ๋ผ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Once, this goal would have seemed impossible.
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ํ•œ๋•Œ ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
HIV has caused millions of deaths
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HIV๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ”๊ณ 
00:29
and is one of the most devastating diseases that humanity has ever known.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
But weโ€™re now at a point where new advances
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ
00:36
such as one-pill, once-a-day medications
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์•ฝ์„ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํ•œ ์•Œ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์˜
00:39
are helping us tackle HIV in effective ways.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ HIV์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
HIV is a retrovirusโ€“
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HIV๋Š” ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ
00:45
meaning it integrates copies of itself into an infected cellโ€™s DNA,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์„ธํฌ์˜ DNA์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
allowing it to replicate and infect other cells.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณต์ œํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์„ ๋˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
00:53
HIV has evolved numerous ways to evade the human immune system,
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HIV๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:57
which makes it difficult to cure.
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์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
But by developing ways to block HIV replication,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ HIV์˜ ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:03
we can stop the spread of HIV itself.
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HIV์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Thatโ€™s where antiretroviralsโ€“ a.k.a. ARVsโ€“ come in.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ญ๋ ˆํŠธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ARV๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
ARVs are a group of drugs which work in different ways to combat HIV.
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ARV๋Š” HIV์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•ฝํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ํ†ต์นญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Some block HIVโ€™s access into immune cells,
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์–ด๋–ค ์•ฝ์€ HIV๊ฐ€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰๊ณ 
01:20
and others work by stopping the virus itself from replicating.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ์€ HIV๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
ARVs also work preventatively in people who donโ€™t have HIV.
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ARV๋Š” HIV์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
This type of approach is called pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ๋…ธ์ถœ ์ „ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์š”๋ฒ•, ๋˜๋Š” PrEP์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
PrEP works by accumulating in a personโ€™s body
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PrEP์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ์ด ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋ฉด, HIV๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
and preventing HIV from establishing itself.
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01:41
That means an HIV-negative person who may be at risk of contracting the disease
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์ด๋Š” HIV ์Œ์„ฑ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:46
can take certain ARVs to protect themselves,
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๊ทธ ์ „์— ํŠน์ • ARV๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์„œ HIV๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
before they become exposed.
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01:51
Hereโ€™s where it gets especially interesting:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ
01:53
In people with HIV, ARVs can also dramatically reduce HIV transmission.
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HIV ๋ณด๊ท ์ž๋Š” ARV๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์—ผ์„ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
This is called โ€œTreatment as Prevention.โ€
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:02
On a global scale, this has the potential to end the HIV epidemic.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ HIV์˜ ์ „์—ผ์„ ๋๋‚ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Itโ€™s based on the idea that someone with HIV who takes ARVโ€™s
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์ด๋Š” HIV ๋ณด๊ท ์ž๊ฐ€ ARV๋ฅผ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฒด๋‚ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ
02:12
can lower the virus level in their bodies until it becomes undetectable.
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๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—์„œ ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
That doesnโ€™t mean the virus is gone;
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:18
it could still be lurking within cells, ready to reactivate if treatment stops.
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์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
But so long as itโ€™s kept dormant with drugs,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์ž ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š”
02:27
HIV remains undetectable.
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HIV๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And when HIV is undetectable, itโ€™s untransmittable, too.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  HIV๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ์ „์—ผ๋„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
In theory this means that by testing everyone whoโ€™s at risk of HIV
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, HIV์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ
02:38
and treating those who test positive,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
02:40
we could stop transmission and eventually eradicate HIV.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ „์—ผ์„ ๋ง‰๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด HIV๋ฅผ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
In the real world, however, things are more complex.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Many at-risk HIV negative people across the world
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๋ณ‘์— ์ „์—ผ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ HIV ์Œ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค์€
02:52
do not have access to PrEP or ARVs,
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PrEP์ด๋‚˜ ARV๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
and those who are HIV positive may experience challenges to taking ARVs.
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HIV ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค๋„ ARV๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
These problems are often greatest in countries
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ HIV๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ
03:03
where the burden of HIV is highest.
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๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Getting these medications depends on access to a functioning healthcare systemโ€“
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๊ณ 
03:10
and this isnโ€™t something everyone has.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜œํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Thatโ€™s part of the reason why stopping the spread of HIV for good
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— HIV์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋ ค๋ฉด
03:16
will require a significant investment of resources to improve those systems.
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
One study carried out by the UNAIDS
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์œ ์—”์—์ด์ฆˆ๊ณ„ํš(UNAIDS)์ด ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:24
estimated that between 20-30 billion dollars per year
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๋งค๋…„ 2-3๋ฐฑ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
would be needed to achieve a nearly 90% reduction
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2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ HIV ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ 90% ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:32
in new HIV infections by 2030.
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03:35
This investment would ensure more people would get tested in the first place,
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์ด ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ์„  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
03:40
and more would be able to access and maintain treatment.
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๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ, ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Achieving this goal and improving healthcare in general
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:47
is in everyoneโ€™s best interest,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
from individual people to society as a whole.
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03:52
We have roadmaps that could allow us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— HIV ์ „์—ผ์„ ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
to bring the HIV epidemic to an end in the near future,
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03:58
with the possibility of eradicating the disease altogether
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ•๋ฉธ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:01
several generations in the future.
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04:04
In the period from 1996 to 2017
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1996๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2017๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
04:07
we almost halved the number of new HIV infections,
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์‹ ๊ทœ HIV ๊ฐ์—ผ์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
and for the millions of people who still live with the virus,
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์•„์ง ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:14
ARV treatments enable most to lead long and healthy lives.
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ARV ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
With continued and increased investments,
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:21
we can get transmission rates low enough to end HIV once and for all.
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HIV๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์ ˆ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ „์—ผ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
A world without HIV is no longer inconceivable:
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์—์ด์ฆˆ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ƒ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:29
itโ€™s closer than ever.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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