A trip through space to calculate distance - Heather Tunnell

155,652 views ใƒป 2013-09-06

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: benyamin zinshtein
00:06
Do you have a friend or a sibling
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืื• ืื—
00:07
that's always competing with you
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ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื—ืจื” ืื™ืชื›ื
00:09
to see who's the fastest?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
00:11
Our alien friends Bleebop and Mark
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ืœื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ื•ืžืืจืง
00:13
are having the same debate
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—
00:14
with their custom-built rockets,
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ืขื ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช,
00:16
and they've asked us
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืื™ืชื ื•
00:17
to be the judge of a space race to their moon.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื•ืฅ ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื™ืจื— ืฉืœื”ื.
00:20
The only problem is that they are starting
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื
00:22
from different asteroids.
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ืžืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
00:23
Bleebop is on an asteroid 240 miles from the moon,
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ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ืขืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ 384 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื—,
00:27
and Mark is on one 150 miles away.
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ื•ืžืืจืง ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 240 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
00:30
Don't worry, it's not rocket science.
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ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื•, ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ืข ื˜ื™ืœื™ื.
00:32
Solving this equation is as simple as DIRT.
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ืคืชื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื›ืžื• DIRT (ื—ื•ืœ).
00:36
We can decide who the winner is
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื”
00:37
using the D=RT formula, or DIRT.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ืช ื” D=RT, ืื• DIRT.
00:41
This stands for distance equals rate times time.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืงืฆื‘ ื›ืคื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ.
00:44
In the case of Bleebop and Mark,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ื•ืžืืจืง,
00:46
we will only know the distance they traveled
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ืข ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืขื‘ืจื•
00:48
and the time it took for them
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ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœืงื— ืœื”ื
00:50
to get to the finish line.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื.
00:51
It'll be up to us to find the rate
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘
00:52
and who is faster.
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ื•ืžื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:54
Let's turn to the race now
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคื ื” ืœืžืจื•ืฅ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
00:56
and see what information we get.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืงื‘ืœ.
00:58
Three,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ,
00:59
two,
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ืฉืชื™ื™ื,
01:00
one,
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ืื—ืช,
01:01
blast off!
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ื”ืžืจืื”!
01:03
Bleebop and Mark's rockets go zipping
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ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ื•ืžืืจืง ืขืคื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
01:05
across the galaxy towards their moon,
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืœืงืกื™ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื— ืฉืœื”ื,
01:07
dodging clunky meteorites
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ืžืชื—ืžืงื™ื ืžืžื˜ืื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื
01:08
and loopy space buggies.
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ื•ื‘ืื’ื™ ื—ืœืœ ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช.
01:11
After a few close calls with a wandering satellite,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื,
01:13
Mark arrives first in two hours,
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ืžืืจืง ืžื’ื™ืข ืงื•ื“ื ืชื•ืš ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื,
01:16
and Bleebop gets there one hour later.
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ืžื’ื™ืข ืฉืขื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:19
Looks like Mark has the faster rocket,
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ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืžืืจืง ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:21
but let's check out the results with our DIRT equation.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื” DIRT.
01:24
Begin by setting up a chart.
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื˜ื‘ืœื”.
01:26
Make four columns and three rows.
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ื ืขืฉื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช.
01:28
Use DIRT to remember what to fill in.
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ DIRT ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ืœืžืœื.
01:31
Each rocket will have information
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ืœื›ืœ ื˜ื™ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข
01:33
for distance, rate, and time.
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ืœืžืจื—ืง, ืงืฆื‘, ื•ื–ืžืŸ.
01:35
Mark's rocket went 150 miles,
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ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืืจืง ืขื‘ืจ 240 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
01:38
we don't know the rate,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘,
01:39
and he got there in 2 hours.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื‘ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื.
01:41
Bleebop's rocket went 240 miles,
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ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ืขื‘ืจ 384 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
01:44
we don't know the rate,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘,
01:45
and the time is 1 hour after Mark,
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ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืืจืง,
01:48
or 3 hours.
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ืื• 3 ืฉืขื•ืช.
01:49
Because we don't know Mark or Bleebop's rate,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืืจืง ื•ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค,
01:52
that number is going to be a variable
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื”
01:54
in each equation,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”,
01:55
which we'll represent with x.
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ืฉื™ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื› X.
01:57
We'll solve the equation
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”
01:58
for the variable to find its value.
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ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš.
02:01
Mark finished first,
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ืžืืจืง ืกื™ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
02:02
so start with his rocket.
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ืื– ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•.
02:04
Remembering DIRT, write down D=RT.
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื• DIRT, ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื› D=RT.
02:07
150 miles equals x times 2 hours.
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240 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ X ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื.
02:11
Divide both sides by 2 hours.
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ื ื—ืœืง ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ 2 ืฉืขื•ืช.
02:13
This will leave x isolated
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ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืœื ื• ืืช X
02:15
on the right side of the equation.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
02:17
150 miles divided by 2 hours
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240 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื
02:19
is 75 miles over 1 hour.
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ื–ื” 120 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื”.
02:22
Mark's rate is 75 miles per hour.
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ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืืจืง ื”ื•ื 120 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื”.
02:25
That's what mph means.
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ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืž"ืฉ.
02:26
It's the amount of miles over one hour.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื”.
02:29
Still think Mark is faster?
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืืจืง ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
02:31
Let's set up the same equation for Bleebop and see.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ื•ื ืจืื”.
02:34
D=RT
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D=RT
02:36
240 miles equals x times 3 hours.
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384 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ X ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช.
02:39
Divide both sides by 3 hours.
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ื ื—ืœืง ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ 3 ืฉืขื•ืช.
02:42
This will leave x isolated
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ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืœื ื• ืืช ื” X
02:43
on the right side of the equation.
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
02:46
240 miles divided by 3 hours
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384 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ 3 ืฉืขื•ืช
02:49
is 80 miles over 1 hour.
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ื–ื” 128 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช.
02:50
Bleebop's rate is 80 miles per hour.
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ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ื”ื•ื 128 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœืฉืขื”.
02:53
Wow, even though Bleebop got there one hour later,
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ื•ื•ืื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•ืค ื”ื’ื™ืข ืฉืขื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:56
it turns out he had the faster rocket.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:59
Mark seems pretty upset,
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ืžืืจืง ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืŸ,
03:00
but with aliens, you can never really tell.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื, ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช.
03:03
Thanks to DIRT, you now know how to calculate
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ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœ DIRT, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื‘
03:05
distance,
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ืžืจื—ืง,
03:06
rate,
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03:06
and time.
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ืงืฆื‘,
ื•ื–ืžืŸ.
03:07
In what other situations
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
03:08
can you use the distance formula?
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื”?
03:11
You don't even need to be watching a space race.
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ืืชื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื•ืฅ ื—ืœืœ.
03:13
As long as you know two pieces of information
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
03:15
for the formula D=RT,
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ืœื ื•ืกื—ืช D=RT,
03:18
you can calculate any moving vehicle or object.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืขืฆื ื ืข.
03:21
Now, the next time you're in a car,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
03:23
you can let your friends know
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื›ื
03:24
exactly when you'll be arriving,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืชื™ ืืชื ืชื’ื™ืขื•,
03:25
how fast you're going,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ืืชื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื,
03:27
or the distance you'll travel.
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ืื• ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืชืขื‘ืจื•.
03:28
It's as simple as DIRT.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• DIRT.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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