How containerization shaped the modern world

(Music)

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Senzos Osijek

(Glazba)

Everything is everywhere these days.

Ovih dana sve je posvuda.

Check out the supermarket -- orange juice from China, nuts from India,

Pogledajte trgovine - sok od narandže iz Kine, orašćići iz Indije,

swordfish from Japan, lagers from Czechoslovakia,

sabljarka iz Japana, piva iz Češke,

scores of European cheeses.

mnogi europski sirevi.

You name it, it's there. Not when I was growing up.

Što god zamislite, tu je. Ne kada sam ja odrastao.

You'd never taste a range of French cheeses

Nikad niste okusili razne francuske sireve

or Bohemian lager beer.

ili boemsko lager pivo.

At least, you couldn't unless you were very rich

Ili to niste mogli, osim ako ste bili jako bogati

and could go anywhere when the fancy took you. All that has changed.

i mogli ići bilo gdje gdje ste htjeli. No sve se to promijenilo.

But it's not just foods. Got an iPhone?

Ali nije samo hrana u pitanju. Imate iPhone?

Everyone knows it was invented and designed at Cupertino

Svi znaju da je izumljen i dizajniran u Cupertinu,

in California, but who knows where

u Kaliforniji, ali tko zna gdje

the complex bits and pieces of its innards are made or assembled?

se složeni dijelovi i unutrašnjost sastavljaju?

Apple doesn't say.

Apple nam to ne govori.

The industry credits China, Japan, Germany, South Korea

Industrija zasluge pripisuje Kini, Japanu, Njemačkoj, Južnoj Koreji

and, of course, the United States itself.

i SAD-u.

Just think for a moment of the trillions of parts

Razmislite na trenutak o trilijunima dijelova

and finished goods moving cheaply around the world

i gotovih dobara koji se kreću po svijetu

every second, a small portion by air,

svake sekunde, mali dio njih zrakom,

but most by sea.

ali većina morem.

We call it globalization,

Zovemo to globalizacija,

but the man who basically made globalization a reality in our lives

ali čovjek koji je napravio globalizaciju stvarnošću u našim životima

is too little known. This is his story.

nije jako poznat. Ovo je njegova priča.

The story of the man who makes your day.

Priča čovjeka koji čini vaš dan.

In the Great Depression of the '30s,

Za vrijeme velike depresije 30tih,

when millions of Americans were out of work, worse than now,

kada su milijuni Amerikanaca bili bez posla, gore nego sada,

Malcolm McLean was a 24-year-old truck driver.

Malcolm McLean bio je vozač kamiona.

He got a job to take cotton bales

Dobio je posao prijevoza bala pamuka

from Fayetteville in North Carolina all the way

od Fayettevillea u Sjevenoj Karolini do

to a pier in Hoboken, New Jersey for shipping overseas.

mola u Hobokenu, New Jersey za slanje preko mora.

He was glad of the work, but when he arrived

Bio je sretan zbog posla, ali kada je stigao

he got bored out of his mind, sitting in his truck

dosadilo mu je sjediti u kamionu

waiting and waiting and waiting on the docks

i čekati i čekati i čekati na doku

as the worker ants muscled crates and bundles off other trucks

dok su radnici prenosli sanduke i teret sa drugih kamiona

and into slings that lifted the goods into the hold of the ship.

u mreže koje su podizale dobra na brod.

On board the ship itself,

Na samom brodu,

with much yelling and arm waving,

sa puno vikanja i mahanja rukama,

the stevedores then unloaded each sling

radnici su onda istovarali svaku mrežu

and saw its contents placed in a designated position

i smještali sadržaj na određeno mjesto

in the hold.

u teretnom prostoru.

Malcolm wasn't just bored, he was fuming.

Malcolmu nije bilo samo dosadno, bio je ljutit.

His income depended on getting back to North Carolina

Njegov prihod ovisio je o vraćanju u Sjevernu Karolinu

to pick up more loads in his truck.

i prevoženju još tereta.

Out of the frustration, inspiration struck.

Iz frustracije rodila se inspiracija.

Wouldn't it be great, he thought,

Ne bi li bilo odlično, pomislio je,

if my trailer could be lifted

kada bi moja prikolica bila podignuta

and placed on the ship

i stavljena na brod.

without its cotton bales being touched. Yes, it would be great.

bez da itko dira bale pamuka. Da, to bi bilo odlično.

It would be revolutionary. For centuries,

To bi bilo revolucionarno. Stoljećima,

general non-bulk cargo had been shipped in the process he watched.

obični tereti su se prevozili ovako kako je on svjedočio.

It was called break bulk shipping.

Zvalo se prijevoz sitnog terta.

Boxes, bales, crates handled piece by piece.

Kutije, bale, sanduci prenošeni komad po komad.

What Malcolm envisaged would have saved him only a day,

Ono što je Malcolm zamislio njemu bi uštedjelo dan,

but it would have saved everyone else

ali bi svima ostalima uštedjelo

something like two weeks in loading and unloading the ship.

otprilike dva tjedna utovaranja i istovaranja.

On average, it was eight days

U prosjeku, trebalo je osam dana

to haul and distribute break bulk shipments in the hold,

za utovar i raspored tereta,

plus another eight days at the other end

i još osam dana na drugoj strani

to retrieve and distribute.

da bi ga se pronašlo i isporučilo.

All that time would have been saved

Svo to vrijeme bi se uštedjelo

if Malcolm McLean could have just driven his truck onto the ship

samo da je Malcolm mogao uvesti svoj kamion na brod

and at the other end, driven it off.

i na drugom kraju ga odvesti s broda.

Well, today that concept is a reality.

Pa, danas je taj koncept stvarnost.

The concept that occurred to Malcolm

Koncept koji je Malcolmu pao na pamet

is known as containerization.

zove se kontejnerizacija.

It has done more than just save a great deal of time.

I napravio je puno više nego uštedio puno vremena.

It's the reason why we have a thriving global marketplace,

To je razlog zašto imamo globalno tržište

offering us that infinite variety of things,

koje nam nudi neograničenu raznolikost stvari

and it's the reason we can move cargo

i to je razlog zašto možemo micati teret

from remote parts of the world at minimal cost.

iz udaljenih krajeva svijeta sa malim troškovima.

Malcolm had his idea in 1937.

Malcolm je imao tu ideju 1937.

The 24-year-old truck driver sitting in his truck in Hoboken

24 godišnji vozač kamiona koji je sjedio u kamionu u Hobokenu

was 40 before he did anything about it.

napunio je 40 prije nego je išta napravio.

By then, he'd built his one truck

Do tada, njegov jedan kamion

into a big trucking company. He borrowed money

postao je velika prijevoznička tvrtka. Posudio je novac

from an enterprising vice president at Citibank in New York,

od poduzetno podpredsjednika CitiBanka u New Yorku,

and set about designing the steel boxes and the decks of the ships

i počeo dizajnirati čelične kutije i palube brodova

to carry them stacked one on top of another.

kako bi ih prenosili složene jedne na drugima.

A lot of people thought he was crazy.

Ljudi su mislili da je lud.

Inventors always attract armies of naysayers

Izumitelji uvijek privlače vojsku osporavatelja,

who can never remember how critical they were.

koji se nikad ne mogu sjetiti koliko kritični su bili.

For our part, we should remember Malcolm McLean.

Što se nas tiče, trebali bi se sjećati Malcolma McLeana.

His first container ship, the Ideal X,

Prvi brod s kontejnerima, Idealni X,

sailed from Shed 154

isplovio je iz Kolibe 154

at Marsh Street, Port Newark

u ulici Marsh, luka Newark

with 58 well-filled boxes.

sa 58 dobro popunjenih kutija.

It was the beginning of the container era,

To je bio početak ere kontejnera

shrinking our world

koja je smanjila naš svijet

and enlarging human choice.

i povećala naše izbore.