Prepositions of PLACE 👉 IN / ON / AT / BY 👈 Common English Grammar Mistakes

Hello! This is Emma from mmmEnglish,

你好！我是mmmEnglish的Emma，

back with another lesson

回到另一堂课

on the mmEnglish Youtube channel.

在mmEnglish Youtube频道上。

Now in English, we say

现在用英语，我们说

"The school is on Bay Street."

“学校在湾街。”

Not "The school is at Bay Street."

不是“学校在湾街”。

"They live at 10 Park Road."

“他们住在公园路10号。”

Not "She lives in 10 Park Road."

不是“她住在公园路10号。”

"The museum is in the city."

“博物馆在城里。”

Not "The museum is on the city."

不是“博物馆在城市上”。

"I live at 300 King Street,

“我住在国王街300号，

in an apartment, on the fourth floor."

在四楼的公寓里。”

These little words can cause lots of headaches

这些小话会引起很多头痛

if English is not your first language.

如果英语不是您的母语。

They're called prepositions

他们被称为介词

and there are lots of them in English.

而且有很多英文的。

In, on, at,

在，在，在

by, with, for,

通过，与，为，

over, under,

在...之下

of, to.

的，到。

They all help to give information about the time,

它们都有助于提供有关时间的信息，

location or direction in your English sentences.

您英文句子中的位置或方向。

in, on, at

在，在，在

and by

和

In this lesson,

在本课中

we'll take a closer look at these

我们将仔细研究这些

small but very common,

小但很普通

very useful English words.

非常有用的英语单词。

And we'll concentrate on how you can use them

我们将专注于您如何使用它们

to give information about

提供有关

the place or location of something.

某物的位置或位置。

Now, the bad news is

现在，坏消息是

that there's no clear

没有明确的

way of knowing which preposition you need to use.

知道需要使用哪个介词的方式。

In fact,

事实上，

different prepositions can be used with the same words

同一词可以使用不同的介词

but this can change the meaning of

但这可以改变

your sentence.

你的句子。

Am I at the car?

我在上车吗？

At the location of the car?

在汽车的位置？

Am I in the car?

我在车上吗？

Or am I on the car?

还是我在上车？

All of these sentences are okay

所有这些句子都可以

but the meaning is different in each question.

但是每个问题的含义都不同。

Most of the time,

大多数时候，

you can't just guess the correct preposition.

你不能仅仅猜出正确的介词。

It's not really a good strategy

这不是一个很好的策略

to improve your English

提高你的英语水平

- unless you're a really lucky person!

-除非你是一个非常幸运的人！

The worst way to try and learn prepositions

尝试学习介词的最糟糕方法

is to translate them from your native language.

是从您的母语翻译它们。

This can cause lots of problems.

这可能会导致很多问题。

Prepositions must be learned in chunks of words

介词必须以单词为单位学习

or called collocations.

或称为搭配。

Groups of words that are often used together.

经常一起使用的词组。

Like, "In the morning."

就像“早上”。

"At night."

“在晚上。”

"It depends on... (something)"

“取决于……（某物）”

"He's keen on football."

“他热衷于足球。”

Learning this way will help you to make

学习这种方式将帮助您使

fewer mistakes with prepositions.

介词的错误更少。

Instead,

代替，

pay attention to how native speakers

注意讲母语的人

use these prepositions.

使用这些介词。

How are they used in the newspaper articles

在报纸上如何使用它们

that you read or stories?

你读过的还是故事的？

What words are they used with?

他们用什么词？

And pay close attention to the general rules

并密切注意一般规则

that I'll teach you in this lesson,

我将在本课中教你

so that you can make

这样你就可以

the right choices

正确的选择

when choosing prepositions of place.

选择位置介词时。

Let's get started with

让我们开始吧

"in"

“在”

Now the best way to think about the preposition, "in"

现在，思考介词“ in”的最佳方法

is being within something

在某物内

inside the edges of something.

在某物的边缘。

So let's start really simply with containers or spaces

因此，让我们从容器或空间开始吧

that are enclosed.

被封闭。

I've got the key in my pocket.

我口袋里有钥匙。

There's some milk in the fridge.

冰箱里有牛奶。

She left it in the top drawer.

她把它放在最上面的抽屉里。

There's nothing left in my cup.

我的杯子里没东西了。

Now, it's easy to think about all of these examples

现在，很容易想到所有这些示例

as being inside something

就像在某物里面

because the edges are really clear.

因为边缘真的很清晰

You can see inside them.

您可以在其中看到。

There's a clear inside and an outside.

内部和外部都有清晰的空间。

Right?

对？

Take our earlier example,

以我们前面的例子为例，

I'm in the car.

我在车上。

The car has clear edges,

汽车边缘清晰

I'm definitely inside the edges of the car.

我绝对在车的边缘。

We can use "in" with buildings or rooms

我们可以将“ in”用于建筑物或房间

and places that can surround a person or an object

和可以包围人或物体的地方

on all sides.

四面八方。

Can you take a seat in the waiting room please?

你能在候车室坐一下吗？

I've left my bag in your office.

我把书包留在你的办公室了。

Why don't we have a picnic in the park?

我们为什么不在公园里野餐？

But there are lots of times when you need to

但是很多时候你需要

use this preposition

使用这个介词

when the edges are less clear.

当边缘不太清晰时。

So for example,

例如

with areas or regions or cities and towns.

地区，地区或城镇。

I'm filming this video in Spain.

我正在西班牙拍摄这部影片。

I grew up in Melbourne.

我在墨尔本长大。

Holidaying in France is easy if you speak French!

如果您会说法语，在法国度假很容易！

Regolisa is a small village in the mountains.

Regolisa是山区的一个小村庄。

We're going for a drive in the country.

我们要去乡下开车。

Lots of people were swimming in the lake.

很多人在湖里游泳。

Now, all of these nouns

现在，所有这些名词

have borders or edges,

有边界或边缘，

even if they're not really obvious or clear.

即使它们不是很明显或不清楚。

We can physically be located

我们可以实际位于

inside the edges of this space.

在这个空间的边缘。

Now when talking about groups of people,

现在，当谈论人群时，

you can often use "in".

您通常可以使用“中”。

She works in the finance team,

她在财务团队工作

surrounded by people.

被人包围。

He got selected to play in the national team.

他被选中参加国家队比赛。

But there's an exception for important high-level groups

但是重要的高级别团体也有例外

where members are often elected.

成员经常当选的地方。

He's on the board.

他在董事会上。

Or they're on the committee,

或者他们在委员会中，

or on the council.

或在理事会上。

We can also use "in" with liquids and other substances

我们也可以在液体和其他物质中使用“中”

to show what they contain.

展示它们包含的内容。

Careful! There's a lot of chilli in that sauce.

小心！酱汁里有很多辣椒。

There's too much sugar in soft drinks.

软饮料中糖分过多。

Do you have milk in your coffee?

你的咖啡里有牛奶吗？

Now the preposition "on"

现在介词“上”

is used to talk about the position of something

用来谈论某物的位置

on surfaces

在表面上

or things that can be thought-of as surfaces

或可以认为是表面的东西

like walls or tables.

如墙壁或桌子。

My phone is on the table.

我的电话在桌上。

You can see a painting on the wall behind me.

您可以在我后面的墙上看到一幅画。

We live on the fourth floor of the building.

我们住在大楼的四楼。

Can you write it on that piece of paper?

你能写在那张纸上吗？

He's spilled ice cream on his new jumper!

他在新套头衫上撒了冰淇淋！

Now, keep thinking about this idea of

现在，继续考虑这个想法

flat surfaces

平面

because it includes roads and streets

因为它包括道路和街道

and rivers.

和河流。

The supermarket is on the corner of Martin Street.

超市在马丁街的拐角处。

Nice is on the south coast of France.

尼斯在法国的南海岸。

Now the idea of flat surfaces also includes water,

现在，平面的概念也包括水

so rivers, oceans, lakes.

河流，海洋，湖泊。

What's that on the water?

那是什么水？

Floating on the water.

漂浮在水面上。

We'll take you out on the lake

我们带你去湖上

- in our boat.

-在我们的船上。

We'll be on the lake, in our boat.

我们将乘船在湖上。

Okay, now let's talk about the preposition "at".

好的，现在让我们谈谈介词“ at”。

It's used to talk about specific places or points in space.

它用于谈论空间中的特定位置或点。

Sarah's still at school.

莎拉还在上学。

I'll meet you at the bus stop.

我在公共汽车站见你。

Turn left at the traffic light.

在红绿灯处左转。

Now it's also used with public places and shops.

现在，它也用于公共场所和商店。

For example,

例如，

I studied design at college or school or university.

我在学院，学校或大学学习设计。

Let's meet at the station.

让我们在车站见面。

We have to stop at the supermarket on the way home.

我们必须在回家的路上停在超市。

There was a crazy guy at the library today.

今天图书馆有个疯子。

We also use it with addresses.

我们还将它与地址一起使用。

They live at 14 Eagle Road.

他们住在鹰道14号。

I'll meet you at the corner

我在拐角处见你

of Beach Street and Park Road.

海滩街和公园路的全景。

I had a coffee at Helen's house.

我在海伦家喝咖啡。

At her house, right?

在她家吧？

Careful, not to confuse the preposition with another,

小心一点，不要将介词与另一个混淆，

"with".

“带有”。

I had a cup of coffee with Helen.

我和海伦喝了一杯咖啡。

That means Helen, the person,

那意味着海伦，那个人，

not Helen's house.

不是海伦的房子。

We can use "at" with events.

我们可以在事件中使用“ at”。

We met at a party.

我们在一个聚会上见面。

He's speaking at a conference later this week.

他将在本周晚些时候的一次会议上讲话。

So in all of these examples,

因此，在所有这些示例中，

the preposition "at" is used to talk about

介词“ at”用于谈论

specific places or points in space.

空间中的特定位置或点。

Okay I went through quite a few examples there,

好吧，我在那里讲了很多例子，

but let's just stop and review the rules for a minute.

但让我们停下来回顾一下规则。

"At" is one-dimensional.

“在”是一维的。

Think of a map.

想想一张地图。

When you're looking at a map, you're referring to a

当您查看地图时，是指

specific place or position in space.

在太空中的特定位置或位置。

"On" is more two-dimensional.

“开”是二维的。

You have a flat surface

你有一个平坦的表面

and you're referring to the position of

你指的是

something or someone

某物或某人

in relation to that surface.

关于那个表面。

So you're recognising the space around you

这样您就可以识别周围的空间

a little more when you're using that preposition.

使用介词时要多一点。

Now "in" is the sort of

现在“在”是那种

three-dimensional preposition.

三维介词。

So when you use it,

因此，当您使用它时，

you need to think about

你需要考虑

the position of something

某物的位置

in relation to what surrounds it.

关于它周围的东西。

Now of course,

现在当然

there are grey areas and many exceptions

有灰色区域，有很多例外

that will make you

那会让你

scratch your head and wonder, what?!

挠着头，想知道，什么？

When you hear that expression, "grey areas"

当您听到该表情时，“灰色区域”

it means that something is

这意味着某事是

unclear.

不清楚。

It's not black and it's not white,

它不是黑色也不是白色，

it's somewhere in the middle

在中间的某个地方

but we don't know exactly where

但是我们不知道确切在哪里

- it's unclear.

-还不清楚。

That's a very common expression.

这是一个非常普遍的表达。

Now there are many grey areas for prepositions

现在介词有很多灰色区域

when you're talking about

当你在谈论

the place or the location of something.

某物的位置或位置。

It's on the corner.

在角落里。

Or it's at the corner.

还是在拐角处。

These two examples mean almost the same thing.

这两个例子几乎意味着同一件事。

The museum is on the south side of the city.

博物馆在城市的南侧。

So this expression, on the south side

所以这个表情在南边

or on the right side

或在右侧

or on the left side,

或在左侧，

it always uses the preposition "on".

它始终使用介词“ on”。

Your seat is on the left side.

您的座位在左侧。

Now I said before that Nice

现在我之前说过尼斯

is on the south coast of France

在法国的南海岸

but Nice is also in the south of France.

但尼斯也在法国南部。

Now there is a difference here

现在这里有所不同

when we're referring to the flat surface

当我们指的是平面时

and the region or the area.

以及区域或区域。

So it's that spatial difference.

这就是空间差异。

On the south coast

在南海岸

or in the south of France.

或在法国南部。

It's a little hard to get your head around, right?

有点困难，对吧？

But France is a space that has edges.

但是法国是一个有边缘的空间。

It's enclosed so we use "in".

它是封闭的，因此我们使用“ in”。

I'll see you at Melanie's house.

我会在媚兰家见。

So that's the place right?

那是对的地方吗？

But I'll meet you in the kitchen.

但是我会在厨房见你。

It's an enclosed room or enclosed space.

这是一个封闭的房间或封闭的空间。

I'll meet you at the corner of Beach Street and Park Road.

我在海滩的拐角见你 街道和公园路。

I saw it in the corner of the room.

我在房间的角落看到了它。

So that's an enclosed space, right?

那是一个封闭的空间，对吧？

How about this one?

这个怎么样？

Write it on the paper

写在纸上

in your notebook,

在您的笔记本中

at the top of the page

在页面顶部

or in the corner.

或在角落。

We say I'm in the car

我们说我在车里

and I'm on the bus or the train.

而且我在公共汽车或火车上。

So there are also times when you can use

所以有时候你可以使用

two different prepositions

两种不同的介词

and the meaning is actually really similar

意思实际上很相似

especially between "at" and "on"

特别是在“在”和“在”之间

Sarah's still in school.

莎拉还在上学。

Or Sarah is still at school.

或者莎拉还在上学。

Now these sentences mean almost exactly

现在这些句子几乎完全意味着

the same thing.

同一件事情。

"In" school suggests that Sarah is

在学校里暗示莎拉是

inside the school buildings.

在学校大楼内。

She's a student, she's learning there.

她是一个学生，正在那里学习。

"At" suggests that she's at the location of the school

“在”表示她在学校所在地

but she could be inside a building or outside

但她可能在建筑物内还是室外

and she's not necessarily a student either.

她也不一定是学生

She could be a parent visiting the school, for example.

例如，她可能是到学校的家长。

I think they're at the beach

我认为他们在海边

Or I think they're on the beach.

或者我认为他们在沙滩上。

"At the beach" is the place.

“在沙滩上”就是这个地方。

"On the beach" means the sand.

“在沙滩上”是指沙滩。

But you can't use "in".

但是您不能使用“ in”。

If you say "in" you need to use

如果您说“中”，则需要使用

the water.

水。

You can be in the water.

你可以在水中。

She's in the sea.

她在海里。

She's in the lake.

她在湖里。

She's in the water.

她在水中。

One more two-lettered preposition

另一个两字母介词

to add to this lesson about place

添加到有关地点的本课程中

is "by".

是“ by”。

I'm waiting by the car.

我在开车等。

Put your bag by the door and sit down.

将书包放在门旁，坐下。

Here, "by" is used to mean

在这里，“ by”用来表示

next to something or beside or near.

在某物旁边或旁边或附近。

These are all prepositions that give us detail

这些都是给我们提供细节的介词

about the location of something.

关于某物的位置。

They live near the school.

他们住在学校附近。

They live next to the school.

他们住在学校旁边。

They live by the school.

他们住在学校附近。

So there are definitely a few

所以肯定有一些

confusing things about prepositions, right?

关于介词的困惑，对吧？

To successfully learn to use prepositions really well,

要成功地学习好好使用介词，

learn them with the words around them.

用他们周围的单词学习它们。

Don't try and learn them on their own.

不要尝试自己学习。

The general rules that we talked about during

我们在讨论的一般规则

this lesson, will help you to make better choices

本课将帮助您做出更好的选择

- most of the time!

- 大多数时候！

Well I hope this lesson has helped to make a few things

好吧，我希望本课可以帮助我们做一些事情

clearer for you.

更适合您。

If you've got any questions at all,

如果您有任何疑问，

just pop them in the comments under this video.

只需将它们弹出在此视频下方的评论中即可。

If you love this channel and you enjoy my lessons,

如果您喜欢这个频道，并且喜欢我的课程，

then please make sure that you subscribe to my channel

然后请确保您订阅了我的频道

right here or here.

就在这里或这里。

And check out some of the other lessons

并查看其他一些课程

that I've made in these playlists, right here.

我在这些播放列表中所做的，就在这里。

See you next week

下周见

and thanks for watching mmmEnglish.

感谢您收看mmmEnglish。

Bye for now!

暂时再见！