Prepositions of PLACE 👉 IN / ON / AT / BY 👈 Common English Grammar Mistakes

介詞👉IN / ON / AT / BY👈常見英語語法錯誤

Hello! This is Emma from mmmEnglish,

你好！這是來自mmmEnglish的Emma，

back with another lesson

回到另一課

on the mmEnglish Youtube channel.

在mmEnglish Youtube頻道上。

Now in English, we say

我們現在用英文說

"The school is on Bay Street."

“學校在灣街。”

Not "The school is at Bay Street."

不是“學校在灣街。”

"They live at 10 Park Road."

“他們住在10 Park Road。”

Not "She lives in 10 Park Road."

不是“她住在十號公園路。”

"The museum is in the city."

“博物館在城裡。”

Not "The museum is on the city."

不是“博物館在城市上。”

"I live at 300 King Street,

“我住在國王街300號，

in an apartment, on the fourth floor."

在公寓裡，在四樓。“

These little words can cause lots of headaches

這些小字會引起很多頭痛

if English is not your first language.

如果英語不是你的第一語言。

They're called prepositions

他們被稱為介詞

and there are lots of them in English.

而且英語中有很多。

In, on, at,

在，在，在，

by, with, for,

由，與，為，

over, under,

在，在，

of, to.

of，to。

They all help to give information about the time,

他們都有助於提供有關時間的信息，

location or direction in your English sentences.

你的英語句子中的位置或方向。

in, on, at

在，在，在

and by

並通過

In this lesson,

在本課中，

we'll take a closer look at these

我們會仔細看看這些

small but very common,

很小但很常見，

very useful English words.

非常有用的英文單詞。

And we'll concentrate on how you can use them

我們將專注於如何使用它們

to give information about

提供有關信息

the place or location of something.

某事的地點或地點。

Now, the bad news is

現在，壞消息是

that there's no clear

沒有明確的說法

way of knowing which preposition you need to use.

知道你需要使用哪種介詞的方法。

In fact,

事實上，

different prepositions can be used with the same words

不同的介詞可以用於相同的單詞

but this can change the meaning of

但這可以改變的意義

your sentence.

你的句子。

Am I at the car?

我在車上嗎？

At the location of the car?

在汽車的位置？

Am I in the car?

我在車裡嗎？

Or am I on the car?

還是我在車上？

All of these sentences are okay

所有這些句子都可以

but the meaning is different in each question.

但每個問題的含義不同。

Most of the time,

大多數時候，

you can't just guess the correct preposition.

你不能猜測正確的介詞。

It's not really a good strategy

這不是一個好策略

to improve your English

提高你的英語水平

- unless you're a really lucky person!

- 除非你是一個非常幸運的人！

The worst way to try and learn prepositions

嘗試和學習介詞的最糟糕的方式

is to translate them from your native language.

是從你的母語翻譯他們。

This can cause lots of problems.

這可能會導致很多問題。

Prepositions must be learned in chunks of words

介詞必須以大塊的文字來學習

or called collocations.

或稱為搭配。

Groups of words that are often used together.

經常一起使用的單詞組。

Like, "In the morning."

比如說，“早上。”

"At night."

“在晚上。”

"It depends on... (something)"

“這取決於...（某事）”

"He's keen on football."

“他熱衷於足球。”

Learning this way will help you to make

這樣學習會幫助你做出

fewer mistakes with prepositions.

介詞的錯誤較少。

Instead,

代替，

pay attention to how native speakers

講究母語如何

use these prepositions.

使用這些介詞。

How are they used in the newspaper articles

他們在報紙文章中如何使用

that you read or stories?

你讀過或故事？

What words are they used with?

他們用什麼詞？

And pay close attention to the general rules

並密切關註一般規則

that I'll teach you in this lesson,

我會在本課中教你，

so that you can make

所以你可以做

the right choices

正確的選擇

when choosing prepositions of place.

選擇地點的介詞時。

Let's get started with

讓我們開始吧

"in"

“在”

Now the best way to think about the preposition, "in"

現在思考介詞的最好方法是“in”

is being within something

正在內部

inside the edges of something.

在某物的邊緣內。

So let's start really simply with containers or spaces

所以讓我們開始真正簡單地使用容器或空間

that are enclosed.

那是封閉的。

I've got the key in my pocket.

我的口袋裡有鑰匙。

There's some milk in the fridge.

冰箱裡有一些牛奶。

She left it in the top drawer.

她把它放在最上面的抽屜裡。

There's nothing left in my cup.

我的杯子裡什麼都沒有留下。

Now, it's easy to think about all of these examples

現在，想想所有這些例子都很容易

as being inside something

作為內心的東西

because the edges are really clear.

因為邊緣非常清晰。

You can see inside them.

你可以在裡面看到。

There's a clear inside and an outside.

有一個清晰的內部和外部。

Right?

對？

Take our earlier example,

以我們之前的例子，

I'm in the car.

我在車裡。

The car has clear edges,

這輛車邊緣清晰，

I'm definitely inside the edges of the car.

我絕對是在車的邊緣。

We can use "in" with buildings or rooms

我們可以在建築物或房間中使用“in”

and places that can surround a person or an object

和可以包圍人或物體的地方

on all sides.

在各方面。

Can you take a seat in the waiting room please?

你可以在候診室坐下嗎？

I've left my bag in your office.

我把我的包放在你的辦公室裡。

Why don't we have a picnic in the park?

我們為什麼不在公園野餐？

But there are lots of times when you need to

但有很多時候你需要

use this preposition

使用這個介詞

when the edges are less clear.

當邊緣不太清晰時。

So for example,

舉例來說，

with areas or regions or cities and towns.

與地區或地區或城鎮。

I'm filming this video in Spain.

我正在西班牙拍攝這部影片。

I grew up in Melbourne.

我在墨爾本長大。

Holidaying in France is easy if you speak French!

如果您講法語，在法國度假很容易！

Regolisa is a small village in the mountains.

Regolisa是山上的一個小村莊。

We're going for a drive in the country.

我們要在國內開車。

Lots of people were swimming in the lake.

很多人在湖里游泳。

Now, all of these nouns

現在，所有這些名詞

have borders or edges,

有邊界或邊緣，

even if they're not really obvious or clear.

即使它們不是很明顯或清楚。

We can physically be located

我們可以物理定位

inside the edges of this space.

在這個空間的邊緣內。

Now when talking about groups of people,

現在談到一群人時，

you can often use "in".

你可以經常使用“in”。

She works in the finance team,

她在財務團隊工作，

surrounded by people.

被人包圍。

He got selected to play in the national team.

他被選中參加國家隊比賽。

But there's an exception for important high-level groups

但是對於重要的高層組織來說是個例外

where members are often elected.

成員經常選舉。

He's on the board.

他在董事會。

Or they're on the committee,

或者他們在委員會，

or on the council.

或在理事會。

We can also use "in" with liquids and other substances

我們也可以使用液體和其他物質

to show what they contain.

以顯示它們包含的內容。

Careful! There's a lot of chilli in that sauce.

小心！醬汁裡有很多辣椒。

There's too much sugar in soft drinks.

軟飲料中的糖太多。

Do you have milk in your coffee?

你的咖啡中有牛奶嗎？

Now the preposition "on"

現在介詞“on”

is used to talk about the position of something

用於談論某事物的位置

on surfaces

在表面上

or things that can be thought-of as surfaces

或者可以被認為是表面的東西

like walls or tables.

像牆壁或桌子。

My phone is on the table.

我的手機在桌子上。

You can see a painting on the wall behind me.

你可以在我身後的牆上看到一幅畫。

We live on the fourth floor of the building.

我們住在大樓的四樓。

Can you write it on that piece of paper?

你能把它寫在那張紙上嗎？

He's spilled ice cream on his new jumper!

他的新跳線上灑了冰淇淋！

Now, keep thinking about this idea of

現在，請繼續思考這個想法

flat surfaces

平坦的表面

because it includes roads and streets

因為它包括道路和街道

and rivers.

和河流。

The supermarket is on the corner of Martin Street.

超市位於馬丁街的拐角處。

Nice is on the south coast of France.

尼斯在法國的南海岸。

Now the idea of flat surfaces also includes water,

現在平面表面的想法還包括水，

so rivers, oceans, lakes.

如此河流，海洋，湖泊。

What's that on the water?

那是什麼在水面上？

Floating on the water.

漂浮在水面上。

We'll take you out on the lake

我們會帶你出去湖邊

- in our boat.

- 在我們的船上。

We'll be on the lake, in our boat.

我們會在湖上，在我們的船上。

Okay, now let's talk about the preposition "at".

好的，現在我們來談談介詞“at”。

It's used to talk about specific places or points in space.

它被用來談論空間中的特定地點或點。

Sarah's still at school.

莎拉還在學校。

I'll meet you at the bus stop.

我會在公共汽車站見到你。

Turn left at the traffic light.

在紅綠燈處左轉。

Now it's also used with public places and shops.

現在它也用於公共場所和商店。

For example,

例如，

I studied design at college or school or university.

我在大學或學校或大學學習過設計。

Let's meet at the station.

我們在車站見面吧。

We have to stop at the supermarket on the way home.

我們必須在回家的路上在超市停下來。

There was a crazy guy at the library today.

今天圖書館裡有個瘋子。

We also use it with addresses.

我們也使用它的地址。

They live at 14 Eagle Road.

他們住在鷹路14號。

I'll meet you at the corner

我會在角落見到你

of Beach Street and Park Road.

海灘街和公園路。

I had a coffee at Helen's house.

我在海倫的家裡喝咖啡。

At her house, right?

在她家，對嗎？

Careful, not to confuse the preposition with another,

小心，不要把介詞混淆，

"with".

“用”。

I had a cup of coffee with Helen.

我和海倫喝了一杯咖啡。

That means Helen, the person,

這意味著海倫，這個人，

not Helen's house.

不是海倫的房子。

We can use "at" with events.

我們可以在事件中使用“at”。

We met at a party.

我們在一次聚會上見面。

He's speaking at a conference later this week.

他本週晚些時候在會議上發言。

So in all of these examples,

所以在所有這些例子中，

the preposition "at" is used to talk about

介詞“at”用於說明

specific places or points in space.

特定地點或空間點。

Okay I went through quite a few examples there,

好的，我在那裡經歷了很多例子，

but let's just stop and review the rules for a minute.

但是我們暫停一下，然後回顧一下規則。

"At" is one-dimensional.

“At”是一維的。

Think of a map.

想想一張地圖。

When you're looking at a map, you're referring to a

當你在看地圖時，你指的是一個地圖

specific place or position in space.

空間中的特定地點或位置。

"On" is more two-dimensional.

“On”更具有二維性。

You have a flat surface

你有一個平坦的表面

and you're referring to the position of

你是指的位置

something or someone

某事或某人

in relation to that surface.

就該表面而言。

So you're recognising the space around you

所以你正在認識你周圍的空間

a little more when you're using that preposition.

當你使用這個介詞的時候多一點。

Now "in" is the sort of

現在“在”是這樣的

three-dimensional preposition.

三維介詞。

So when you use it,

所以當你使用它時，

you need to think about

你需要思考

the position of something

某事的位置

in relation to what surrounds it.

關於圍繞它的內容。

Now of course,

當然，

there are grey areas and many exceptions

有灰色地帶和許多例外

that will make you

那會讓你

scratch your head and wonder, what?!

搔你的頭，好奇，什麼？！

When you hear that expression, "grey areas"

當你聽到這個表達時，“灰色地帶”

it means that something is

這意味著什麼是

unclear.

不清楚。

It's not black and it's not white,

它不是黑色的，也不是白色的，

it's somewhere in the middle

它位於中間的某個地方

but we don't know exactly where

但我們並不確切知道在哪裡

- it's unclear.

- 目前尚不清楚。

That's a very common expression.

這是一個非常普遍的表達。

Now there are many grey areas for prepositions

現在介詞有很多灰色地帶

when you're talking about

當你在談論

the place or the location of something.

某物的地點或位置。

It's on the corner.

在角落裡。

Or it's at the corner.

或者它在角落裡。

These two examples mean almost the same thing.

這兩個例子意味著幾乎相同的事情。

The museum is on the south side of the city.

博物館位於城市的南面。

So this expression, on the south side

所以這個表達就在南邊

or on the right side

或在右側

or on the left side,

或在左側，

it always uses the preposition "on".

它總是使用介詞“on”。

Your seat is on the left side.

你的座位在左側。

Now I said before that Nice

現在我在那之前說過很好

is on the south coast of France

在法國的南海岸

but Nice is also in the south of France.

但尼斯也在法國南部。

Now there is a difference here

現在這裡有區別

when we're referring to the flat surface

當我們指的是平坦的表面

and the region or the area.

和該地區或地區。

So it's that spatial difference.

所以這就是空間差異。

On the south coast

在南部海岸

or in the south of France.

或在法國南部。

It's a little hard to get your head around, right?

有點難以理解，對嗎？

But France is a space that has edges.

但法國是一個有優勢的空間。

It's enclosed so we use "in".

它是封閉的，所以我們使用“in”。

I'll see you at Melanie's house.

我會在梅蘭妮家看你。

So that's the place right?

所以這是正確的地方？

But I'll meet you in the kitchen.

但我會在廚房見到你。

It's an enclosed room or enclosed space.

這是一個封閉的房間或封閉的空間。

I'll meet you at the corner of Beach Street and Park Road.

我會在海灘的角落遇見你 街道和公園路。

I saw it in the corner of the room.

我在房間的角落看到它。

So that's an enclosed space, right?

這是一個封閉的空間，對吧？

How about this one?

這個怎麼樣？

Write it on the paper

把它寫在紙上

in your notebook,

在你的筆記本中，

at the top of the page

在頁面頂部

or in the corner.

或在角落裡。

We say I'm in the car

我們說我在車裡

and I'm on the bus or the train.

我在公車上或火車上。

So there are also times when you can use

所以有些時候你可以使用

two different prepositions

兩個不同的介詞

and the meaning is actually really similar

其意義實際上非常相似

especially between "at" and "on"

尤其是“at”和“on”之間

Sarah's still in school.

莎拉還在上學。

Or Sarah is still at school.

或者莎拉還在上學。

Now these sentences mean almost exactly

現在這些句子幾乎意味著

the same thing.

一樣的東西。

"In" school suggests that Sarah is

“在”學校表明薩拉是

inside the school buildings.

在校舍內。

She's a student, she's learning there.

她是一名學生，她在那裡學習。

"At" suggests that she's at the location of the school

“At”表明她在學校所在地

but she could be inside a building or outside

但她可以在建築物內或外面

and she's not necessarily a student either.

而且她也不一定是學生。

She could be a parent visiting the school, for example.

例如，她可能是參觀學校的家長。

I think they're at the beach

我認為他們在沙灘上

Or I think they're on the beach.

或者我認為他們在海灘上。

"At the beach" is the place.

“在沙灘上”是這個地方。

"On the beach" means the sand.

“在沙灘上”是指沙子。

But you can't use "in".

但是你不能使用“in”。

If you say "in" you need to use

如果你說“在”你需要使用

the water.

水。

You can be in the water.

你可以在水中。

She's in the sea.

她在海裡。

She's in the lake.

她在湖里。

She's in the water.

她在水中。

One more two-lettered preposition

另一個兩個字母的介詞

to add to this lesson about place

添加關於地點的課程

is "by".

是“by”。

I'm waiting by the car.

我在車上等著。

Put your bag by the door and sit down.

把你的包放在門邊坐下。

Here, "by" is used to mean

這裡，“by”用來表示

next to something or beside or near.

旁邊或旁邊或旁邊。

These are all prepositions that give us detail

這些都是介紹給我們的細節

about the location of something.

關於某物的位置。

They live near the school.

他們住在學校附近。

They live next to the school.

他們住在學校旁邊。

They live by the school.

他們住在學校旁邊。

So there are definitely a few

所以肯定有一些

confusing things about prepositions, right?

混淆關於介詞的事情，對吧？

To successfully learn to use prepositions really well,

為了成功地學會使用介詞，

learn them with the words around them.

用他們周圍的話來學習他們。

Don't try and learn them on their own.

不要試圖自己學習。

The general rules that we talked about during

我們在此期間討論的一般規則

this lesson, will help you to make better choices

本課將幫助您做出更好的選擇

- most of the time!

- 大多數時候！

Well I hope this lesson has helped to make a few things

那麼我希望這個教訓能幫助你做出一些事情

clearer for you.

為你更清楚。

If you've got any questions at all,

如果你有任何問題，

just pop them in the comments under this video.

只需將它們彈出到此視頻下的評論中即可。

If you love this channel and you enjoy my lessons,

如果你喜歡這個頻道，並且喜歡我的課程，

then please make sure that you subscribe to my channel

那麼請確保您訂閱我的頻道

right here or here.

在這里或這裡。

And check out some of the other lessons

並檢查一些其他的經驗教訓

that I've made in these playlists, right here.

我已經在這些播放列表中製作了。

See you next week

下週見

and thanks for watching mmmEnglish.

並感謝您收看mmmEnglish。

Bye for now!

暫時再見！