How You Could See Inside Your Body — With a Micro-Robot | Alex Luebke and Vivek Kumbhari | TED

譯者: Wenjer Leuschel 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

Alex Luebke: I'd like to invite you to go on a fantastic voyage with me today,

as we explore inside the human body.

亞歷克斯·呂布克：今天我想邀請您和我一起 進行一趟奇妙的旅程，探索人體內部。

Inside each and every one of us holds mysteries and wonders

我們每個人的內心 都有神秘和奇蹟，

that if unlocked, lead to better health, performance and longevity.

如果解鎖，可以帶來更好的健康， 性能和壽命。

But seeing inside has proven to be quite difficult.

但是要看到內部已 證明是相當困難的。

Since the beginning of the modern era,

從現代開始以來，

the only way to really look inside was through rudimentary surgeries.

真正看到內部的唯一方法 是透過基本的手術。

Over the past 150 years or so,

在過去的 150 年左右，

we've had great technologies that allow us to look from the outside,

我們擁有出色的技術 讓我們可從外面觀看，

like X-rays and MRIs.

例如 X 射線和 MRI。

But what I propose and what I'd like us to explore today

但是我建議的，我 今天希望我們探索的

is looking at microrobotics inside the human body.

是研究人體內的 微型細胞機器组織。

As a first step on that journey, let me introduce you to PillBot.

作為旅程的第一步， 讓我向您介紹 PillBot。

PillBot is a small, wireless robot that is remotely controlled,

PillBot 是一款可遠程控制 的小型無線機器人，

and it swims around in three dimensions in a water-filled human stomach.

它在充滿水的人體胃中 以三維度游泳。

This robot has things you would expect on a robot.

這個機器人有你在 機器人上期望的所有東西。

It has a camera, so it gives you a live video feed.

它有一個攝影機， 因此它能為您提供即時影像。

It has control circuitry.

它有控制迴路。

It has LED lights because inside the human body it's quite dark.

它有 LED 燈， 因 為人體內部很暗。

It has a wireless data link and it has a battery.

它具有一個無線數據連接， 並且帶有一組電池。

Now the way this robot moves is it has three pump jet thrusters

那麼，這個機器人的移動方式 是它有三個泵浦噴射推進器，

that squirt water in six different directions,

可以向六個 不同的方向噴水，

that allow the pilot to fly around in three-dimensional space

使飛行員可以在 三維空間内

in a water volume.

藉着水量飛行。

Over the past five years, we've spent a lot of time

在過去的五年中， 我們花了許多時間

to get the size of this robot smaller and smaller.

讓這個機器人的尺寸 越來越小。

What we started with wasn't quite --

我們開始作出的東西並不怎麽--

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Not quite swallowable.

不怎麽能够吞下去。

But we finally worked our way down

但是我們終於努力做下去了，

and where we are these days

現在我們逹到的尺寸

is about the size of a small multivitamin capsule.

大概像一個小型 综合維他命膠囊的大小。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

Now we're going to fly this robot around for you for a little bit.

那麽，我們現在要為您飛行 這個機器人一段時間。

But to do that, I would like to invite Doctor Vivek Kumbhari.

但是為了這樣做， 我想邀請維韋克·昆巴里醫生。

He's the chairman of gastroenterology at the Mayo Clinic.

他是梅奧診所 腸胃科主席主治醫師

And I'd like to have him pilot this PillBot while I turn it on.

我希望由我開勭 PillBot 的時候， 讓他駕駛這個 PillBot

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Vivek Kumbhari: Here is a common scenario I encounter in my clinic.

維韋克·昆巴里：這是我在診所 常遇見的情況。

A patient who's generally in good health

一個通常健康狀況良好的

comes to see me because they have abdominal pain,

患者來看我， 因為他們有腹痛，

and I suspect it's coming from the stomach.

我懷疑這是 從胃部發生的。

Now I need to understand precisely what the problem is,

現在我需要準確 了解問題是什麼，

but I can't just pop my head in and take a look.

但是我不能只把 頭鑚進去看一看

So, and despite that patient sitting right in front of me,

所以，儘管那位患者 坐在我面前，

I need to ask them to go back home

但我必须請他們回家，

and come back to the hospital on another occasion

改另一個時候 再回醫院，

so I can put them to sleep with anesthesia

好讓我可以用麻醉讓他們睡着，

so that they allow me to insert this long tube with a camera at the tip,

使他們能够讓我將這個尖端 帶有攝影機的長管插入

through the mouth and into the stomach.

通過嘴巴進到胃部。

This is an endoscopy,

這是一種內視鏡，

and it's a relatively invasive and expensive procedure,

這是一項具有相當侵入性 而且昂貴的手術程序，

and we are on a mission to do better.

我們使命它是為了做得更好。

We'd like to transform this experience

我們希望透過將實體醫院

by dematerializing the physical hospital into PillBot.

非實體化為 PillBot 來 改變這種體驗。

As you can see here, we have a capsule here,

正如您在這裡看到的那樣， 我們在這裡有一個膠囊，

and I'm using a game controller to navigate PillBot.

我正在使用遊戲控制器 來導航 PillBot。

Although I could have also used a tablet or a smartphone.

儘管我也可以使用平板 電腦或智慧手機。

You can move it around rather quickly here,

您可以在這裡相當快地 移動它，

and you can imagine that using the tank this size,

您可以想像使用 這種尺寸的坦克，

we're still able to navigate the entire experience,

我們仍然可以導航 整個體驗，

which -- and this tank is significantly larger

而且這個 坦克

than the human stomach,

比人的胃

or any internal human organ for that matter.

或任何人體內部器官 都要大許多。

I'm going to pause here while Alex is working on optimizing the robot.

當 Alex 正在優化 機器人時 ，我得在這裡暫停。

AL: There we go.

AL：我們開始了。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

VK: So this is our goal. Be anywhere in the world.

VK：所以這是我們的目標。 在世界上任何地方。

Whether you're at home, sitting on your couch,

無論您是在家中、 坐在沙發上、

visiting space, or right here onstage at TED.

參觀空間 ，還是在 TED 講台上。

What do you think, Alex? You should go ahead and swallow a PillBot?

你覺得怎麼樣，亞歷克斯？ 你應該繼續吞下一個 PillBot 嗎？

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼）

So, as you can see, in just a few seconds, PillBot entered the stomach.

所以，正如你所見，在短短幾秒鐘內， PillBot 進入胃部裡。

So we're in the stomach now,

那麽，我們現在正在胃部裡，

and I'm carefully navigating around,

我正在仔細地瀏覽，

looking for any changes in surface architecture

尋找表面結構的任何改變，

that might represent an ulcer or a cancer, or any other pathology.

這些可能代表潰瘍 或癌症或任何其他病理的變化。

And I'm able to get very similar views

如果我使用傳統內窺鏡，

as I would if I'd used a conventional endoscope.

我可以得到非常 相似的觀點。

Now I'm able to see the entire stomach

現在我可以看到整個胃部，

and revisit sites that piqued my curiosity.

並重新訪問引起我 好奇心的地方。

And what could further improve this experience

如果我們使用 增強現實耳機

is if we used an augmented reality headset for 3D visualization of a stomach,

將胃進行 3D 視覺化， 或使用人工智慧來做檢測，

or artificial intelligence for detection and characterization of an abnormality.

並且檢測異常的特徵， 我們就可以進一步改善這種體驗。

Now, fortunately for Alex,

現在，對 Alex 來說，幸運的是，

on this brief review, everything is looking normal here.

在這個簡短的監測中， 這裡一切看起來正常。

(Laughter and applause)

（笑聲和掌聲）

Though if there were a problem,

即使有問題的話，

being able to show and discuss with Alex in real time

能夠與 Alex 即時展示並討論， 可以提高他對

elevates his understanding of his health

自己的健康狀况的理解，

and is going to make him more compliant with therapy.

並將使他更容易 接受治療。

So now that we're done here,

所以現在我們在這裡完成後，

PillBot will take its natural course through and out the body.

PillBot 將自然地 穿越身體。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And fortunately for Alex, he'll have no awareness of this,

幸運的是亞歷克斯， 他不會意識到這一點，

and he won't have to retrieve this capsule.

他也不必拿回 這個膠囊。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now this robot was designed for the stomach,

現在這個機器人是 為胃部設計的，

though the entire body needs this capability.

儘管整個身體都 需要這種能力。

Parts of the body, such as the colon, the heart and the brain

身體部分，例如結腸，心臟 和大腦

should be made accessible with specialized robots

應該通過一樣易於 使用的專業機器人

that are just as easy to use.

進行訪問。

I've dreamt of the day

我夢想有一天，

when I could explore the inside of the human body with robots,

我可以用機器人探索 人體內部的那麽一天，

recognizing it would be an inflection point

認識到這一點將是我能夠 幫助人們生活更長，

in my ability to help people live longer and healthier lives.

更健康的能力的 轉折點。

Back to you, Alex.

亞歷克斯，交還給你了

(Applause)

（掌聲）

AL: That was yummy.

AL：那很好吃。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And no, you don't feel anything when the robot moves around inside you.

不，當機器人在你裡面移動時， 你什麼都沒有感覺到。

It's quite, quite simple.

它非常，非常簡單。

But think of that.

但是想像一下。

How easy it was to get access to internal imagery anywhere.

在任何地方訪問內部圖像 多麼容易。

So that's going to allow us not only internal imagery,

因此，這將使我們不僅 可以使用內部圖像，

but also the diagnosis and the treatment that the doctor might be able to give.

還可以使醫生能够提供 可能的診斷和治療。

That's going to give us access to a vast amount of information

這將使我們能夠取得 大量資訊，

that we can then use to train AI.

然後我們能够用來訓練 AI。

And with AI, we're going to be able

透過人工智慧，我們將能夠

to have it automate a whole variety of different functions,

讓它自動執行 各種不同的功能，

from performance improvement of the robot itself

從機器人本身的性能改進到自主控制，

to autonomous control,

到自動控制，

where it actually flies around and maps out the entire interior surface

其實它能够實際上 四處飛行並繪製出

of the stomach all on its own.

胃的整個內表面。

That diagnosis and the treatment also comes along with that.

診斷和治療也因此 隨之而帶來。

And we train AI to help learn how to do that.

而且我們訓練人工智慧來幫助 AI 學習如何做到這一點。

And eventually, interventions.

最終，干預措施。

Let's talk about a little bit where we want to go next.

讓我們談談我們 下一步想去的地方。

So the first thing we're going to do, we'll add some accelerometers on there,

所以，我們要做的第一件事是 在那裡添加一些加速度計，

so it actually helps with that autonomous control.

因此它實際上 有助於自主控制。

Also very interesting, we can start adding different sensors.

同樣非常有趣的是， 我們可以開始添加不同的感應器。

So wherever the robot is going,

因此，無論機器人去哪裡，

we can go ahead and measure the health of what it's looking at right there.

我們都可以繼續測量 它正在那裡看到的健康值。

And as far as doing lab-on-chip capabilities

至於執行 晶片實驗室功能，

where you can actually analyze the material

您可以譲機器人 在現場

right there in situ on the robot.

即時分析材料。

Imagine now being able to put different tools onto this,

想像一下，現在能夠 在上面放置不同的工具，

where you can cut and you can cauterize

您可以在其中切割、燒灼

or inject medicine.

或註射藥物。

Well, now you have a pill surgeon.

好啦，現在您有一個藥丸外科醫生。

And of course, you can have clusters of these robots

當然，您可以 讓這些機器人

that work together in unison

群集協同合作

to do complex procedures inside the human body.

在人體內執行 複雜的程序。

To go even smaller, we actually have technology that exists today

甚至更小，我們實際上 擁有當今存在的技術，

that allows us to make robots at the nanoscale,

使我們能夠製造 奈米級的機器人，

which now can bring robots anywhere in the human body,

現在可以將機器人帶到人體的 任何地方，甚至進入人腦。

even into the human brain.

甚至進入人類大腦。

And there's some phenomenal power sources that are available,

而且還有一些 可用的驚人電源

coming online as well.

也已上線。

While PillBot is just about to go through clinical trials,

雖然 PillBot 即將 進行臨床試驗，

it'll be a couple of years till it's on the market.

但距離上市還需要 幾年的時間。

There's a long way to go we still have

還有很長的路要行走，我們仍然

to bring the full ability to do inner space exploration on us all.

必須充分發揮我們所有人 進行內部空間探索的能力。

But it's a worthwhile journey to go on.

但這是一段值得繼續進行的旅程。

Imagine being able to have all this information for you,

想像一下，為了您、 為了您的健康、

for your health, for your family and for humanity.

為了您的家人和人類， 能夠獲得所有這些資訊。

So I'd like to invite all of you to join us in being brave.

所以我想邀請大家和 我們一起鼓起勇氣。

And let's bring microrobots inside the human body.

讓我們將微型機器人 帶入人體。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝您的聆聴

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼）