3 Steps to Build Peace and Create Meaningful Change | Georgette Bennet | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

What happens when a Syrian refugee,

當一名敘利亞難民、

an Israeli aid worker

一名以色列救援人員，

and an American Jew walk into a room?

及一名美國猶太人走進 一間房間，會發生什麼事？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

No, this is not the start of a really bad joke, I promise.

不是，我保證這不是 一個爛笑話的開頭。

This actually happened to me.

這是我真實遇到的狀況。

Starting in 2015,

從 2015 年開始，

I found myself holding a series of secret meetings

我負責舉辦一系列秘密會議，

in various European capitals

地點在多個歐洲首都，

with a small group of Syrian and Israeli civilians.

參與者是一小群敘利亞 及以色列平民百姓。

And we were there to try and figure out how we can get aid to the Syrian people

我們開會是為了想辦法

把援助帶給敘利亞人民，

who were enduring the worst humanitarian crisis since World War II.

他們從二次大戰之後就一直 身處在最糟糕的人道危機中。

But how did we end up at this table together?

然而我們最後竟齊聚一堂 到底是怎麼一回事？

After all, Syrians and Israelis are sworn enemies,

畢竟，敘利亞人 和以色列人是死對頭，

and technically they've been in a state of war since 1948.

且技術上來說，從 1948 年起 他們就處在戰爭狀態中。

Yet here we were, literally and figuratively,

但我們卻來到了那裡， 這是比喻，也是實情，

trying to find a way in.

試圖找到一個入口。

And here is the punchline of that bad joke I promised not to tell.

我剛保證不說的爛笑話， 它點睛之筆就是：

We found it.

我們找到了。

We figured out a way to get aid into Syria through Israel.

我們想出了一個辦法，通過 以色列把援助送到敘利亞。

Now how did we do that?

我們是怎麼辦到的？

I applied a three-step process

我運用了一個三步驟的流程，

that I've used in a bunch of other settings,

我在許多其他情況中都用過它，

and I'm hoping that those three steps will be useful to any of you

我希望這三個步驟

能夠幫助到任何

who want to do some good

想做些好事的人去面對處理

in the face of any of the myriad overwhelming conflicts

現今我們所面臨各種排山倒海而來的

that we're facing today, including Ukraine.

大量衝突，

包括烏克蘭。

So what are my three steps?

我的三個步驟是什麼？

Find an entry point,

找到一個進入點，

identify a gap,

辨識出一個落差，

and then find something doable with which to fill that gap.

找到可以做什麼

來填補那落差。

It sounds pretty simple, right?

聽起來相當簡單，對吧？

So let me walk you through it.

讓我帶大家走一遍這個過程。

When I read a report on the Syrian war,

當我讀到一篇關於 敘利亞戰爭的報告時，

it hit me very hard and it felt very personal.

我受到很大的衝擊，

感覺和我個人非常有關。

I was stunned by the scale of the misery,

痛苦與不幸的規模之大，讓我震驚，

and it echoed the suffering of my own family during the Holocaust.

和我自己的家人在大屠殺時 受到的苦難產生了共鳴。

My parents survived concentration camps in Poland and in Hungary,

我的父母是波蘭及匈牙利 集中營的倖存者，

and after the war, we had to flee

戰後，我們得逃亡，

and we arrived in the US as stateless refugees.

我們以無國籍難民的 身分來到了美國。

So when I saw the destruction of Aleppo,

所以，當我看到阿勒坡受到的破壞，

I was put in mind of Budapest,

我想到的是布達佩斯，

the city of my birth,

我的出生地，

the bombed out city of my birth.

被炸到無家可歸的出生地。

And when I read about starvation by siege in Syria,

當我讀到敘利亞人民 因為被包圍而挨餓，

I remembered my own mother

我想起我自己的母親，

who lost a pregnancy lugging a sack of rotten potatoes home

她曾經流產，

因為她要使勁地帶 一袋腐爛的馬鈴薯回家，

because there was nothing else to eat.

不然就沒別的可以吃了。

And when I saw the eviscerated and emaciated corpses of Syrians

當我看到開腸破肚 且皮包骨的的屍體，

都是些在大馬士革監獄中 被折磨的敘利亞人，

who had been tortured in Damascus prisons,

I also saw the walking skeletons of Auschwitz,

我彷彿也看到奧斯威辛 骨瘦如柴的囚犯，

Mauthausen and Bergen-Belsen,

還有毛特豪森和貝爾根—貝爾森，

where so many of my own family members literally went up in smoke.

在那些地方，我自己的許多家人

真的可說是化為烏有了。

And when I saw Syrian refugees flooding across borders,

當我看到敘利亞難民湧向邊界，

I also recalled my own displacement as a refugee child.

我也憶起我自己身為 難民孩子的流離失所。

So as one person ...

身為一個人……

As one person, what can you do next?

身為一個人，你接下來能做什麼？

When you're confronted with something that you know needs to be changed,

當你面對你心知肚明 一定得改變的事情，

you have to find an entry point.

你就得找到一個進入點。

For me, that was mobilizing a Jewish response

對我來說，那就是 動員猶太人的反應，

and then scaling that up to the interreligious response in the US,

接著把規模擴大到 美國跨宗教的反應，

focused exclusively on Syria.

只把焦點放在敘利亞。

It's called the Multifaith Alliance for Syrian Refugees.

它叫做敘利亞難民多信仰聯盟。

And today, we have more than 100 partner organizations.

現今，與我們合作的 組織超過一百個。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I saw an opportunity to build bridges

我看到一個機會可以搭起橋樑，

while also saving lives.

同時還能拯救人命。

And here’s how.

做法如下。

The southwest part of Syria was very difficult to access

敘利亞的西南部

是很難進入的地方，

because it was surrounded by regime forces.

因為它被政府軍包圍住。

That was a gap.

那就是落差。

Israel shares a border with that part of Syria.

以色列和敘利亞的 那個區域有共同的邊界。

And guess what?

猜猜如何？

It's easy to get aid into southwest Syria

從以色列這邊的戈蘭高地

把援助送到敘利亞 西南部是很容易的。

from the Israeli side of the Golan Heights.

That gave us something doable with which to fill that gap.

這是我們可以做的，

可以填補那落差。

All we needed was the how.

剩下就只差怎麼做了。

And that's why my colleagues and I found ourselves

這就是為什麼我和我的同事

in clandestine meetings all over Europe.

在歐洲各地進行秘密會議。

We were making the case

我們提供理由來說明

that Israel should be used as a staging area

應該要用以色列來當集結地，

for the outbound delivery of international humanitarian aid.

供國際人道救援的外運使用。

We lobbied the UK Parliament, the EU Parliament,

我們遊說了

英國國會、歐盟議會、加拿大國會。

the Canadian Parliament.

We banged on doors in Congress.

我們去敲國會的大門。

We met with every level of government in Israel.

我們和以色列政府 各層級的人面談，而……

And ...

We got nowhere.

我們毫無進展。

But then it happened.

但，接著，就實現了。

In September 2016,

2016 年九月，

the Israeli government launched Operation Good Neighbor.

以色列政府展開「好鄰居行動」。

It was now official government policy to open the border

此刻政府的官方政策就是

開放邊界，

so that aid from other countries could be facilitated

協助將來自他國的援助

and sent in to Syria.

送入敘利亞。

So soon after,

之後沒多久，

once we were able to get Operation Good Neighbor going,

一旦我們能夠

讓「好鄰居行動」動起來，

soon after, enormous cargo containers of aid --

沒多久，

巨型的援助貨櫃，

many of them bearing goods from Syrian organizations --

許多裝著來自敘利亞組織的貨物，

were being unloaded in Israeli ports

在以色列港口由以色列 士兵御載下來，

by Israeli soldiers,

sent over to the Golan Heights

送到戈蘭高地，

and from there, our partners on the ground in Syria

從那裡就由我們在敘利亞的 地面合作夥伴接手援助物資，

would pick up the aid and distribute it to an area

分發到有一百三十萬人口的地區。

with a population of 1.3 million people.

We delivered 120 million dollars of aid this way.

我們用這種方式運送了價值 一億兩千萬美金的援助物資。

We supported three medical facilities,

我們支援了三間醫療機構，

a bakery that produced 15,000 pitas a day.

以及一家麵包店，它每天能 生產一萬五千個圓麵餅。

The Israelis provided water, fuel, electricity.

以色列人提供水、燃料、電力。

We shipped medical equipment, ambulances,

我們運送醫療設備、

救護車、食物、衣物、

food, clothing, sanitary kits, medicine,

衛生用品包、藥物，

whatever else was needed.

及其他需要的東西。

And by working through local councils,

透過和當地地方議會的合作，

we were able to help stabilize an entire region.

我們得以協助穩定了一整個地區。

For two years, this was the only part of Syria that worked.

兩年間，

只有在敘利亞的那個區域才行得通。

But then, because of an incursion by the regime and its allies,

但，因為政府及其盟友的襲擊，

that area was completely taken over and destroyed.

那個區域完全被佔領、摧毀。

But that did not stop us.

但那並沒有阻止我們。

We expanded our deliveries to other hard-to-reach parts of Syria.

我們把運送範圍延伸到

敘利亞其他難以觸及的區域。

Today we have delivered

至今，我們已經運送了

nearly 245 million dollars in aid.

價值近兩億四千五百萬 美金的援助物資。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

It wasn't easy

那並不容易，

and it wasn't without hiccups.

並不一帆風順。

But by working with these unlikely partnerships,

但靠著這些讓人 難以置信的合作關係，

we were able to help

我們得以協助了

more than two and a half million war victims and still counting.

超過兩百五十萬名戰爭 受害者，且人數還在增加中。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Now, here's the great news.

好消息來了。

You don't have to go to a war zone to do this.

各位不需要到戰區，也能這麼做。

I've applied my formula in a bunch of other settings.

我已經把我的秘方 用在許多其他情況中。

So let me share a couple of quick stories with you.

讓我跟大家快速分享幾個故事。

Early in my career, 1971, to be exact,

在我的職涯初期， 明確來說是 1971 年，

I was living a life of crime.

我過著犯罪的生活。

Crime prevention, that is.

我做的是犯罪預防。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I was also deeply immersed in the women's movement.

我也埋首在女性運動中。

So where could I make a difference?

所以，我能在哪裡造成不同？

My entry point was the New York City Police Department.

我的進入點是紐約市警局。

Victims of sexual assault were being very badly treated.

性侵害的受害者受到 非常糟糕的待遇。

That was a gap.

那是落差。

The doable way to fill that gap

填補那落差的可行做法

was to set up the first sex crimes unit in the country.

是成立全國第一個性犯罪單位。

Well, today we've got "Law and Order: SVU" to tell us how it's done.

現今有《法網遊龍：特案組》 影集告訴我們要怎麼做。

In fact, they've been telling us how it's done for the past 23 seasons.

事實上，過去二十三季 都一直在告訴我們怎麼做。

But back then, back then, this was a new idea.

但在當年，那是個新點子。

I've done the same thing with large corporations.

我也針對大企業用過同樣的方法。

When the new millennium was approaching,

當千禧年即將來到時，

the human resources field was laser-focused on workplace 2000,

人力資源部門超級專注 投入在「職場 2000」上，

with diversity being a key goal.

關鍵目標是多樣性。

But religion was very rarely looked at as an aspect of workplace diversity.

但宗教很少被當作職場 多樣性的一個面向來看待。

Yet if you looked at the changing demographics,

可是，如果去看不斷 改變的人口統計資料，

it was obvious that this was going to be a big issue.

很明顯會發現宗教 將成為一個大問題。

So that was a gap.

那就是落差。

Another organization I founded,

我成立了另一個組織，

the Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding,

塔能鮑姆跨宗教了解中心，

found a doable way to fill that gap

這個中心找到了填補 那落差的可行方式，

by guiding major corporations

那就是引導大型企業

in accommodating religious beliefs in the workplace.

在工作場所照顧到宗教信仰。

Well, it's been a long road to Syria

嗯，

從我早期涉足職業變革推動者，

from my early forays as a professional change agent.

到敘利亞是很漫長的一條路。

But when I saw the Syrian tragedy unfold,

但當我看到敘利亞的悲劇發生，

a biblical verse, Leviticus 19:16,

聖經中的一節，利未記 19:16，

kept reverberating in my brain.

不斷在我腦中迴響。

"Thou shalt not stand idly by

「不可與你的鄰舍為敵，

while the blood of your neighbor cries out from the earth."

流他的血。」

Well, that's why I got to work.

那就是為什麼我起而行。

I hope you will, too.

我希望各位也能。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）