How urban agriculture is transforming Detroit | Devita Davison

100,987 views ・ 2018-01-09

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Adrienne Lin
00:13
I'm from Detroit.
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我來自底特律。
00:15
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
00:18
A city that in the 1950s was the world's industrial giant,
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在五○年代,這個城市 是世界上的工業巨人,
00:24
with a population of 1.8 million people
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有 180 萬人口,
00:27
and 140 square miles of land and infrastructure,
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以及 140 平方英哩的 土地和基礎建設,
00:32
used to support this booming, Midwestern urban center.
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用來支援這個興旺的 美國中西部都市中心。
00:37
And now today,
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而現今,
00:39
just a half a century later,
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僅僅半世紀之後,
00:41
Detroit is the poster child for urban decay.
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底特律成了都市衰退的典型代表。
00:46
Currently in Detroit, our population is under 700,000,
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目前,底特律的人口數不到 70 萬,
00:50
of which 84 percent are African American,
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當中有 84% 是非裔美國人,
00:53
and due to decades of disinvestment
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因為數十年來的撤資
00:57
and capital flight
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以及資金外流,
01:00
from the city into the suburbs,
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從城市外流到郊區,
01:04
there is a scarcity in Detroit.
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在底特律出現了蕭條。
01:07
There is a scarcity of retail,
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零售業出現蕭條,
01:09
more specifically, fresh food retail,
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更明確來說, 是新鮮食物零售出現蕭條,
01:14
resulting in a city where 70 percent of Detroiters
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結果是,有 70% 的底特律人
01:18
are obese and overweight,
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肥胖或過重,
01:21
and they struggle.
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他們很辛苦。
01:23
They struggle to access nutritious food that they need,
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他們要很辛苦才能找到 他們需要的營養食物,
01:27
that they need to stay healthy,
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他們需要這些食物來保持健康,
01:30
that they need to prevent premature illness and diet-related diseases.
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他們需要這些食物來預防過早 有身體不適及飲食相關的疾病。
01:35
Far too many Detroiters live closer to a fast food restaurant
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太多太多底特律人 住的地方靠近速食餐廳、
01:41
or to a convenience store, or to a gas station
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或便利商店、或加油站,
01:44
where they have to shop for food
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他們必須在這些地方買食物,
01:46
than they do a full-service supermarket.
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而找不到完整服務的超市。
01:51
And this is not good news about the city of Detroit,
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這對底特律而言並不是好消息,
01:56
but this is the news
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但這是底特律人「打算」
02:00
and the story
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要去改變的
02:01
that Detroiters intend to change.
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消息和故事。
02:04
No, I'm going to take that back.
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不,我收回那句話。
02:07
This is the story that Detroiters are changing,
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這是底特律人「正在」試著改變的故事,
02:11
through urban agriculture and food entrepreneurship.
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透過都市農業 和食物企業經營來做改變。
02:16
Here's the thing:
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重點是這個:
02:17
because of Detroit's recent history,
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因為底特律近期的歷史,
02:19
it now finds itself
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以致於現在,
02:22
with some very unique assets,
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它有著一些非常獨特的資產,
02:25
open land being one of them.
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其中之一是開放的土地。
02:28
Experts say that the entire cities of Boston, San Francisco,
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專家說,波士頓、舊金山,
02:33
and the borough of Manhattan
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和曼哈頓行政區全部相加的面積
02:35
will fit in the land area of the city of Detroit.
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還比底特律市的土地面積小。
02:39
They further go on to say
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他們進一步說,
02:40
that 40 square miles of the city is vacant.
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該城市有 40 平方英哩的 空間是空著的。
02:45
That's a quarter to a third of the city,
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那是城市面積的 四分之一到三分之一,
02:47
and with that level of emptiness,
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這麼空曠的程度,
02:49
it creates a landscape unlike any other big city.
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創造出來的景色 也和其他大城市很不同。
02:54
So Detroit has this -- open land, fertile soil,
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所以,底特律有這些: 開放土地、肥沃土壤、
03:00
proximity to water,
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離水很近的位置、
03:02
willing labor
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勞動的意願、
03:03
and a desperate demand for healthy, fresh food.
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以及對於新鮮健康食物的高度需求。
03:07
All of this has created a people-powered grassroots movement
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這一切加起來,創造出了 由人民推動的草根運動,
03:12
of people in Detroit
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參與者是底特律的人,
03:13
who are transforming this city
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他們在把這個城市做轉變,
03:15
from what was the capital of American industry
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從過去美國工業的首都,
03:19
into an agrarian paradise.
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變成農耕的天堂。
03:22
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
03:23
You know, I think, out of all the cities in the world,
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我認為,在全世界所有的城市中,
03:27
Detroit, Michigan, is best positioned to serve as the world's urban exemplar
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在食物安全以及永續發展方面, 密西根的底特律
03:33
of food security and sustainable development.
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最適合成為世界的都市典範。
03:36
In Detroit, we have over 1,500, yes, 1,500
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現今,在底特律, 有 1500 個,是的,
03:41
gardens and farms located all across the city today.
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1500 個花園和農田,遍及全市。
03:46
And these aren't plots of land
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這些也不是只被我們
03:48
where we're just growing tomatoes and carrots either.
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拿來種植蕃茄和蘿蔔的小塊土地。
03:51
You understand, urban agriculture in Detroit is all about community,
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你們要了解,底特律的 都市農業重點在於社群,
03:56
because we grow together.
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因為我們一起成長。
03:58
So these spaces are spaces of conviviality.
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所以這些空間是歡快友好的空間。
04:01
These spaces are places where we're building social cohesion
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我們在這些地方建立社會融和,
04:05
as well as providing healthy, fresh food
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也把新鮮健康的食物
04:09
to our friends, our families and our neighbors.
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提供給我們的親朋好友和鄰居。
04:13
Come walk with me.
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來跟我走一趟。
04:14
I want to take you through a few Detroit neighborhoods,
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我想要帶你們走過 幾個底特律的鄰里,
04:17
and I want you to see what it looks like when you empower local leadership,
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我想要讓你們看看,當你們 將權力賦予地方的領導者、
04:21
and when you support grassroots movements
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支持由在低收入社區中有影響力的人
04:24
of folks who are moving the needle in low-income communities
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以及有色人種所進行的草根運動時,
04:28
and people of color.
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情況會是什麼樣子。
04:30
Our first stop, Oakland Avenue Farms.
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我們的第一站,奧克蘭大道農場。
04:33
Oakland Avenue Farms is located in Detroit's North End neighborhood.
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奧克蘭大道農場位在 底特律北端的鄰坊中,
04:38
Oakland Avenue Farms is transforming into a five-acre landscape
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奧克蘭大道農場正在 轉變為五英畝的景色,
04:43
combining art, architecture, sustainable ecologies
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結合了藝術、建築、永續生態、
04:47
and new market practices.
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以及新的市場做法。
04:49
In the truest sense of the word,
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在最真實的意義上,
04:51
this is what agriculture looks like in the city of Detroit.
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在底特律的農業 看起來就是這個樣子的。
04:56
I've had the opportunity to work with Oakland Avenue Farms
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我有機會和奧克蘭大道農場合作,
05:00
in hosting Detroit-grown and made farm-to-table dinners.
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主辦「農場到餐桌」晚餐會, 用底特律種植及製作的食物。
05:05
These are dinners where we bring folks onto the farm,
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在這些晚餐會, 我們會帶人們到農場來,
05:08
we give them plenty of time and opportunity
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我們給予他們很足夠的時間和機會,
05:11
to meet and greet and talk to the grower,
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可以會見種植者, 和他們打招呼、聊天,
05:14
and then they're taken on a farm tour.
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接著他們會被帶去參觀農場。
05:16
And then afterwards, they're treated to a farm-to-table meal
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之後,他們能享用 「農場到餐桌」餐點,
05:22
prepared by a chef
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餐點由一位主廚來準備,
05:24
who showcases all the produce on the farm right at the peak of its freshness.
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他會讓農場所有的產物 在最新鮮的時候亮相。
05:30
We do that.
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我們是那樣做的。
05:31
We bring people onto the farm,
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我們把人們帶到農場,
05:33
we have folks sitting around a table,
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我們讓人們圍著桌子坐下,
05:35
because we want to change people's relationship to food.
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因為我們想要改變 人們與食物的關係。
05:39
We want them to know exactly where their food comes from
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我們希望他們能清楚 知道食物來自何處,
05:43
that is grown on that farm that's on the plate.
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盤子中的食物, 正是在那個農場中生長的。
05:47
My second stop,
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我的第二站,
05:48
I'm going to take you on the west side of Detroit,
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我要帶你們去底特律的西區,
05:51
to the Brightmoor neighborhood.
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去布萊特摩爾區。
05:53
Now, Brightmoor is a lower-income community in Detroit.
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現在,布萊特摩爾是 底特律的低收入區。
05:56
There's about 13,000 residents in Brightmoor.
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布萊特摩爾的居民數大約 13000。
06:00
They decided to take a block-by-block-by-block strategy.
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他們決定採用的策略是 一個街區一個街區來做。
06:05
So within the neighborhood of Brightmoor,
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所以,在布萊特摩爾的鄰坊中,
06:07
you'll find a 21-block microneighborhood called Brightmoor Farmway.
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可以找到一個 21 街區的 微鄰坊,叫做布萊特摩爾農道。
06:13
Now, what was a notorious, unsafe, underserved community
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這裡曾經是個惡名昭彰、不安全、 得不到充分服務的社區,
06:18
has transformed into a welcoming, beautiful, safe farmway,
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現在已轉變為一個歡迎人、 漂亮、安全的農道,
06:23
lush with parks and gardens and farms and greenhouses.
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裡面滿是公園、花園、 農場,以及溫室。
06:27
This tight-knit community also came together recently,
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這個緊室接合的社區 也是近期才建起來的,
06:30
and they purchased an abandoned building,
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他們買下了一棟廢棄的建築,
06:33
an abandoned building that was in disrepair and in foreclosure.
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這棟廢棄的建築失修破損, 且喪失抵押品贖回權。
06:37
And with the help of friends and families and volunteers,
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在朋友、家人、志工的協助下,
06:41
they were able to take down the bulletproof glass,
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他們能夠把防彈玻璃拆除,
06:43
they were able to clean up the grounds
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他們能夠把地板清理乾淨,
06:45
and they transformed that building into a community kitchen,
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他們把那建築轉變成了社區廚房、
06:49
into a cafe, into a storefront.
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咖啡廳,以及店面。
06:52
Now the farmers and the food artisans who live in Brightmoor,
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現在,住在布萊特摩爾的 農夫以及食物工匠
06:56
they have a place where they can make and sell their product.
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有個地方可以讓他們製作 和販售他們的產品。
06:59
And the people in the community
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而社區內的人
07:00
have some place where they can buy healthy, fresh food.
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也有地方可以購買新鮮健康的食物。
07:04
Urban agriculture -- and this is my third example --
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我的第三個例子是,都市農業
07:07
can be used as a way to lift up the business cooperative model.
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可以被用來當作是振興 這個企業合作模型的方式。
07:12
The 1,500 farms and gardens I told you about earlier?
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我先前告訴各位的 1500 個農場和花園?
「持續種植底特律」是個非營利組織,
07:17
Keep Growing Detroit is a nonprofit organization
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07:19
that had a lot to do with those farms.
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那些農場和它很有關係。
07:22
They distributed last year 70,000 packets of seeds
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去年,他們分發了七萬包種子、
07:27
and a quarter of a million transplants,
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25 萬株移植苗木,
07:31
and as a result of that last year,
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而去年的成果是
07:33
550,000 pounds of produce
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有 55 萬磅的農產品
07:37
was grown in the city of Detroit.
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是在底特律種植的。
07:40
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
07:46
But aside from all of that,
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但除了這些之外,
07:48
they also manage and operate a cooperative.
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他們也想辦法營運了一間合作社。
07:52
It's called Grown in Detroit.
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叫做「種於底特律」。
07:54
It consists of about 70 farmers,
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成員有 70 位農夫,
07:57
small farmers.
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都是小農夫。
07:59
They all grow, and they sell together.
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他們都會種植,然後一起販售。
08:03
They grow fruits,
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他們會種水果,
08:05
they grow vegetables,
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他們會種蔬菜,
08:07
they grow flowers,
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他們會種花,
08:09
they grow herbs in healthy soil,
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他們會在健康土壤上種藥草,
08:12
free of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers,
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沒有化學物質、農藥、肥料、
08:15
genetically modified products --
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基因改造產品,
08:17
healthy food.
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這些都是健康食物。
08:19
And when their product is sold
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當他們的產品在底特律
08:21
all over the city of Detroit in local markets,
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全市各處的當地市場中賣掉時,
08:24
they get a hundred percent of the proceeds from the sale.
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他們從銷售得到的收益是 100%。
08:28
In a city like Detroit,
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在底特律這樣子的城市,
08:31
where far too many, far too many African Americans are dying
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有太多太多非裔美國人的死於
08:36
as a result of diet-related diseases,
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飲食相關疾病,
08:40
restaurants, they have a huge role to play
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因此餐廳扮演了很重要的角色,
08:43
in increasing healthy food access in the city of Detroit,
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來協助增加健康食物 在底特律的可得性,
08:46
culturally appropriate restaurants.
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在文化契合之餐廳中的可得性。
08:49
Enter Detroit Vegan Soul.
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這就要談到「底特律 全素靈魂餐廳」了。
08:51
Yes, we have a vegan soul food restaurant in the city of Detroit.
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是的,在底特律也有賣傳統食物的素食餐廳了。
08:56
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:57
Yes, yes.
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是的,是的。
09:00
Detroit Vegan Soul is providing Detroiters the opportunity
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「底特律全素靈魂」讓底特律人有機會
09:04
to eat more plant-based meals
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吃到更多素食餐點,
09:07
and they've received an overwhelming response from Detroiters.
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且底特律人對這間餐廳的反應非常棒。
09:11
Detroiters are hungry for culturally appropriate,
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底特律人很渴望能有文化契合的、
09:14
fresh, delicious food.
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新鮮、好吃的食物。
09:16
That's why we built a nonprofit organization called FoodLab Detroit,
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因此我們建立了一個非營利組織, 叫做「底特律食物實驗室」,
09:20
to help small neighborhood burgeoning food entrepreneurs
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來協助鄰坊中正在 快速發展的小型創業家,
09:23
start and scale healthy food businesses.
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開始做健康食物生意並擴展規模。
09:26
FoodLab provides these entrepreneurs incubation,
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食物實驗室提供這些創業家籌劃、
09:30
hands-on education, workshops,
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實做教育訓練、工作坊、
09:32
technical assistance, access to industry experts
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技術協助,和產業專家接觸的門徑,
09:36
so that they can grow and scale.
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讓他們能夠成長和擴展。
09:38
They're very small businesses,
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他們的企業很小,
09:40
but last year, they had a combined revenue
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但去年,他們加起來的收益
09:43
of over 7.5 million dollars,
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超過 750 萬美金,
09:45
and they provided 252 jobs.
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且他們提供了 252 個工作機會。
09:49
Listen.
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聽著...
09:50
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
09:53
These are just a few examples
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這些只是少數的例子,
09:57
on how you expand opportunities
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說明你要如何拓展機會,
10:01
so that everybody can participate
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讓每個人都可以參與,
10:04
and prosper,
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一起昌盛,
10:06
particularly those who come from neighborhoods
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特別是那些在歷史上
10:10
that have been historically excluded from these types of opportunities.
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所住區域都沒有這類機會的人。
10:14
I know, I know.
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我知道,我知道。
10:17
My city is a long way from succeeding.
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我的城市和成功的距離很遠。
10:22
We're still struggling,
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我們仍然在掙扎,
10:23
and I'm not going to stand here on this stage and tell you
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我不會站在台上這裡告訴你們
10:26
that all of Detroit's problems and all of Detroit's challenges
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底特律所有的問題和挑戰
10:29
are going to be solved through urban agriculture.
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都能透過都市農業來解決。
10:32
I'm not going to do that,
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我不會這麼做,
10:34
but I will tell you this:
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但我會告訴你們這一點:
10:36
urban agriculture has Detroit thinking about its city
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都市農業讓底特律 現在能夠用不同的方式
10:39
now in a different way,
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來看待這個城市,
10:41
a city that can be both urban and rural.
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這個城市能同時是都市又是郊區。
10:46
And yes, I know, these stories are small,
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是的,我知道, 這些故事都是小故事,
10:48
these stories are neighborhood-based stories,
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這些故事都是鄰坊的故事,
10:51
but these stories are powerful.
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但這些故事很強大。
10:53
They're powerful because I'm showing you how we're creating a new society
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它們很強大是因為, 我向各位展現出一個新的社會
10:57
left vacant in the places and the spaces that was disintegration from the old.
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是如何從一個曾在歷史洪流中 被遺忘瓦解的城市重生而出的。
11:03
They're powerful stories because they're stories about love,
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這些故事強大, 因為它們是關於愛的故事,
11:06
the love that Detroiters have for one another,
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底特律人對彼此的愛,
11:08
the love that we have for our community, the love that we have for Mother Earth,
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我們對社區的愛, 我們對大地之母的愛,
11:12
but more importantly, these stories are stories
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更重要的是,這些故事
11:15
on how devastation, despair, decay
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是關於荒廢、絕望、衰落
11:20
never ever get the last word in the city of Detroit.
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在底特律市裡永遠不會取得決定權。
11:25
When hundreds of thousands of people left Detroit,
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當數十萬人離開底特律時,
11:28
and they left us for dead, those who stayed had hope.
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他們丟下我們等死, 而留下的人抱有希望。
11:31
They held on to hope.
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他們緊抓著希望。
11:33
They never gave up.
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他們從不放棄。
11:34
They always kept fighting.
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他們總是持續奮戰。
11:37
And listen, I know,
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聽著,我知道,
11:38
transforming a big city like Detroit to one that is prosperous,
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把底特律這麼大的城市 轉變成一個繁榮、
11:42
one that's functional, one that's healthy,
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有功能性、健康、包容、
11:44
one that's inclusive, one that provides opportunities for all,
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且能提供機會給所有人的城市,
11:48
I know it's tough,
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我知道很艱難,
11:49
I know it's challenging, I know it's hard.
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我知道很有挑戰,我知道很不容易。
11:52
But I just believe
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但我就是相信,
11:54
that if we start strengthening the social fabric of our communities,
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如果我們能開始強化社區的社會結構,
11:57
and if we kickstart economic opportunities in our most vulnerable neighborhoods,
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如果我們在最脆弱的鄰坊中 推動經濟機會,
12:02
it all starts with healthy, accessible,
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這一切都始於健康、可取得、
12:06
delicious, culturally appropriate food.
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美味、與文化契合的食物。
12:11
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
12:12
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
12:18
Thank you.
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謝謝。
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