Adam Grant: What frogs in hot water can teach us about thinking again | TED

Transcriber:

譯者: 【1002熊詩芸】 Jenny 審譯者: Yi-Ping Cho (Marssi)

你或許聽過，當你將一隻青蛙 丟入一鍋沸水中

You might have heard that if you drop a frog in a pot of boiling water,

it will jump out right away,

牠會立刻跳走

but if you put it in lukewarm water, and then slowly heat it up,

但若你將牠放入一鍋溫水中 然後慢慢地加熱

the frog won't survive.

最後青蛙就逃不走了

The frog's big problem is that it lacks the ability to rethink the situation.

這隻青蛙最大的問題是 牠沒有重新思考現狀的能力

It doesn’t realize that the warm bath is becoming a death trap --

牠沒有意識到這鍋溫水 正逐漸變成一個死亡陷阱

until it’s too late.

直到為時已晚

Humans might be smarter than frogs,

人類或許比青蛙聰明

but our world is full of slow-boiling pots.

但我們的世界充滿了慢沸的鍋

Think about how slow people were to react to warnings about a pandemic,

想想看，大家對於和流行病

climate change or a democracy in peril.

氣候變遷或岌岌可危的民主政體 相關的警告，反應有多慢

We fail to recognize the danger

我們沒有意識到危險

because we're reluctant to rethink the situation.

因為我們不願意重新思考現狀

We struggle with rethinking in all kinds of situations.

我們在各種情況下都很難重新思考現狀

We expect our squeaky brakes to keep working,

我們期望已吱吱作響的刹車能夠撐住

until they finally fail on the freeway.

結果還是在高速公路上陣亡了

We believe the stock market will keep going up,

我們情願相信股市會繼續上漲

even after we hear about a real-estate bubble.

聽說了房地產會泡沫化的消息

And we keep watching "Game of Thrones" even after the show jumps the shark.

即使《權力遊戲》後來狂灑狗血 我們還是繼續看下去

Rethinking isn't a hurdle in every part of our lives.

我們並非無法在生活中 各個面向上重新思考

We're happy to refresh our wardrobes and renovate our kitchens.

我們很樂意添購新衣或翻新廚房

But when it comes to our goals, identities and habits,

但當涉及到我們的目標 自我認同和習慣時

we tend to stick to our guns.

我們往往會固執己見

And in a rapidly changing world, that's a huge problem.

在瞬息萬變的世界裡，這是個大問題

I'm an organizational psychologist.

我是組織心理學家

It's my job to rethink how we work, lead and live.

我的職業就是重新思考 我們如何工作和生活

But that hasn't stopped me from getting stuck in slow-boiling pots,

但這並不保證我就不會陷在慢沸的鍋裡

so I started studying why.

所以我開始研究原因

I learned that intelligence doesn't help us escape;

我體會到，聰明無法幫助我們 從慢沸的鍋中逃離

sometimes, it traps us longer.

甚至有時，聰明反而使我們越陷越深

Being good at thinking can make you worse at rethinking.

善於思考反而使你更不善於重新思考

There's evidence that the smarter you are,

有證據顯示，你越聰明

the more likely you are to fall victim to the "I'm not biased" bias.

你就越有可能深陷 「我沒有偏見」的偏見所害

You can always find reasons

你總能找到理由說服自己

to convince yourself you're on the right path,

你走在正確的那條路上

which is exactly what my friends and I did on a trip to Panama.

這正是我和我的朋友 在巴拿馬旅行中發生的事

I worked my way through college,

我靠自己的努力上了大學

and by my junior year, I'd finally saved enough money to travel.

在大三那年，我終於存夠了去旅行的錢

It was my first time leaving North America.

那是我生平第一次離開北美

I was excited for my first time climbing a mountain,

我超興奮的，那是我第一次去爬山

actually an active volcano, literally a slow-boiling pot.

而且一座活火山 所以實際上就是一鍋慢沸的水

I set a goal to reach the summit and look into the crater.

我設定了一個目標 要爬到山頂，還要看看火山口

So, we're in Panama,

我們在巴拿馬

we get off to a late start,

出發時有點晚了

but it's only supposed to take about two hours to get to the top.

但理論上只需要花兩小時就能攻頂

After four hours, we still haven't reached the top.

但過了四小時，我們仍沒有到達山頂

It's a little strange that it's taking so long,

爬了這麼久，實在有點奇怪

but we don't stop to rethink whether we should turn around.

但我們絲毫沒有停下來重新思考 是否應該掉頭？

We've already come so far.

畢竟我們都已經爬了這麼久

We have to make it to the top.

說什麼我們都必須爬上山頂

Do not stand between me and my goal.

什麼事也別想擋在我和目標之間

We don't realize we've read the wrong map.

我們沒意識到我們看錯了地圖

We're on Panama's highest mountain,

我們在巴拿馬最高的山上

it actually takes six to eight hours to hike to the top.

實際上需要六到八個小時才能爬到山頂

By the time we finally reach the summit,

當我們終於到達山頂時

the sun is setting.

太陽已經下山了

We're stranded, with no food, no water, no cell phones,

我們被困住了 沒有食物，沒有水，沒有手機

and no energy for the hike down.

也沒有力氣下山

There's a name for this kind of mistake,

這類型的錯誤有一個名稱

it's called "escalation of commitment to a losing course of action."

叫做「承諾升級致行動失敗」

It happens when you make an initial investment of time or money,

這常發生在你開始投入 時間或金錢之後

and then you find out it might have been a bad choice,

你卻發現自己可能做了一個錯誤的決定

but instead of rethinking it, you double down and invest more.

但你並沒有停下重新思考 反而加倍投入更多

You want to prove to yourself and everyone else

因為你想證明給自己和別人看

that you made a good decision.

你做了一個正確的決定

Escalation of commitment

承諾升級

explains so many familiar examples of businesses plummeting.

解釋了許多熟悉企業的暴跌例子

Blockbuster, BlackBerry, Kodak.

百視達、黑莓、柯達

Leaders just kept simmering in their slow-boiling pots,

領導者只是在他們慢沸的鍋裡燉著

failing to rethink their strategies.

沒有重新思考他們的策略

Escalation of commitment

承諾升級解釋了

explains why you might have stuck around too long in a miserable job,

為什麼你可能 在一份痛苦的工作上困太久

why you've probably waited for a table way too long at a restaurant

為什麼你可能 在餐廳裡等座位等太久

and why you might have hung on to a bad relationship

以及為什麼你可能 在一段糟糕的關係上撐很久

long after your friends encouraged you to leave.

儘管你的朋友都勸你趕快結束

It's hard to admit that we were wrong

我們很難承認自己錯了

and that we might have even wasted years of our lives.

更不用說承認自己可能浪費了多年生命

So we tell ourselves,

所以我們一再告訴自己

"If I just try harder, I can turn this around."

「只要我更努力，就能扭轉局面」

We live in a culture that worships at the altar of hustle

我們活在這樣的文化之下： 崇拜喧囂的祭壇

and prays to the high priest of grit.

向堅韌不拔的大祭司祈求

But sometimes, that leads us to keep going

但有時候，這樣的文化會讓我們

在該停下來重新思考的時候 仍一直往前衝

when we should stop to think again.

Experiments show that gritty people

實驗證明，越是堅韌不拔的人

are more likely to overplay their hands in casino games

越有可能在賭局中高估自己

and more likely to keep trying to solve impossible puzzles.

而且越有可能不斷嘗試無解的難題

My colleagues and I have found

我和我的同事們發現

that NBA basketball coaches

國家籃球協會 (NBA) 教練

who are determined to develop the potential in rookies

如果決心激發新秀的潛力

keep them around much longer than their performance justifies.

會讓他們在場上的時間 比他們的表現值得留場的時間長得多

And researchers have even suggested

研究人員甚至認為

that the most tenacious mountaineers are more likely to die on expeditions,

最頑強的登山者 更有可能在探險中喪生

because they're determined to do whatever it takes to reach the summit.

因為他們決心不惜一切代價登上頂峰

In Panama, my friends and I got lucky.

在巴拿馬的時候，我和我的朋友很幸運

About an hour into our descent,

我們開始下山大約一個小時後

a lone pickup truck came down the volcano

一輛卡車正好從火山上下來

and rescued us from our slow-boiling pot.

把我們從慢沸的鍋裡救了出來

There's a fine line between heroic persistence and stubborn stupidity.

英勇的堅持和頑固的愚蠢只有一線之隔

Sometimes the best kind of grit

有時候，堅韌不拔的最佳解

is gritting your teeth and packing your bags.

就是下定決心打道回府

"Never give up" doesn't mean "keep doing the thing that's failing."

「永不放棄」並不等於 「繼續做會失敗的事情」

It means "don't get locked into one narrow path,

而是「不要被困在狹窄的道路上」

and stay open to broadening your goals.

並「對拓展目標保持開放的態度」

The ultimate goal is to make it down the mountain,

畢竟最終的目標是能夠安全下山

not just to reach the top.

而不僅僅是到達山頂

Your goals can give you tunnel vision, blinding you to rethinking the situation.

你的目標可能會限縮你的視野 使你被蒙蔽而無法重新思考現狀

And it's not just goals that can cause this kind of shortsightedness,

會導致目光短淺的不僅僅是目標

it's your identity too.

還有對自我的認同

As a kid, my identity was wrapped up in sports.

在我小的時候 我對自我的認同是在體育方面

I spent countless hours shooting hoops on my driveway,

我花了無數個小時在車道上練習投籃

and then I got cut from the middle school basketball team, all three years.

但我中學整整三年都被籃球隊踢掉了

I spent a decade playing soccer, but I didn't make the high school team.

我踢了十年的足球 但我沒能被選進高中球隊

At that point, I shifted my focus to a new sport, diving.

從那刻起，我將注意力 轉移到一項新運動：跳水

I was bad,

我很遜

I walked like Frankenstein, I couldn't jump,

我走路像科學怪人，我跳不起來

I could hardly touch my toes without bending my knees,

若不曲膝我就無法碰到腳趾

and I was afraid of heights.

而且我怕高

But I was determined.

但我很有決心

I stayed at the pool until it was dark,

我一直在游泳池裡待到天黑

and my coach kicked me out of practice. (Laughs)

我的教練都叫我不准練習了（笑）

I knew that the seeds of greatness are planted in the daily grind,

我明白，成就的種子 必須栽種在勤奮的磨練裡

and eventually, my hard work paid off.

至終，我的努力得到了回報

By my senior year, I made the All-American list,

在我大四那年 我進入了全美最佳球員名單

and I qualified for the Junior Olympic Nationals.

並且有資格參加 青少年奧林匹克全國賽

I was obsessed with diving.

我沉迷於跳水

It was more than something I did, it became who I was.

這不僅僅是我所做的事情 這件事更定義了我

I had a diving sticker on my car,

我的車上貼著跳水貼紙

and my email address was “diverag at aol.com.”

我的電子郵寄地址是 [email protected]

Diving gave me a way to fit in and to stand out.

跳水讓我融入並且脫穎而出

I had a team where I belonged and a rare skill to share.

我加入了使我有歸屬感的團隊 而且擁有特殊才能可以與人分享

I had people rooting for me and control over my own progress.

我擁有支持我的人 並且能夠掌握自己的步調

But when I got to college,

但當我上了大學

the sport that I loved became something I started to dread.

我喜歡的運動變成了令我害怕的東西

At that level,

因為到那個水準

I could not beat more talented divers by outworking them.

我無法再藉由比別人更努力 來擊敗更多有天賦的跳水選手

I was supposed to be doing higher dives,

我本來應該進階到跳板更高的跳水

but I was still afraid of heights,

但我仍然很怕高

and 6am practice was brutal.

而且早上六點的練習實在很沒人性

My mind was awake, but my muscles were still asleep.

我的大腦是醒的，但我的肌肉還在睡

I did back smacks and belly flops

我從背部落水，也從腹部落水

and my slow-boiling pot this time was a freezing pool.

此時此刻，我那慢沸的鍋 是一個冰冷的泳池

There was one question, though, that stopped me from rethinking.

然而，有一個疑問 阻止了我重新思考現狀

"If I'm not a diver, who am I?"

「如果我不是跳水選手，那我是誰？」

In psychology, there's a term for this kind of failure to rethink --

在心理學中，有一個術語用來形容 這種無法重新思考現狀的失敗

it's called "identity foreclosure."

它被稱為「早閉型認同」

It's when you settle prematurely on a sense of who you are

意思是你過早認定自己的定位

and close your mind to alternative selves.

而封閉了你的心去探索自己的其他面

You've probably experienced identity foreclosure.

你八成經歷過早閉型認同

Maybe you were too attached

可能是你太執著於

to an early idea of what school you'd go to,

很早以前就決定要念哪所學校的想法

what kind of person you'd marry,

和什麼樣的人結婚

or what career you'd choose.

或是會選擇什麼樣的職業

Foreclosing on one identity is like following a GPS

封閉自我認同就像跟隨全球定位系統

that gives you the right directions to the wrong destination.

它會告訴你正確方向 卻讓你前往錯誤目的地

After my freshman year of college, I rethought my identity.

讀完大學一年級後 我重新思考了自我認同

I realized that diving was a passion,

我意識到跳水是我的熱情

not a purpose.

而非目的

My values were to grow and excel,

我的價值在於成長和卓越

and to contribute to helping my teammates grow and excel.

並貢獻己力幫助我的隊友成長和卓越

Grow, excel, contribute.

成長、卓越、貢獻

I didn't have to be a diver to grow, excel and contribute.

我並不一定要成為一名跳水選手 才能成長、卓越和貢獻

Research suggests that instead of foreclosing on one identity,

研究顯示，與其封閉自我認同

we're better off trying on a range of possible selves.

不如盡可能多方探索自我

Retiring from diving

離開跳水圈後

freed me up to spend the summer doing psychology research

讓我有時間可以整個夏天 埋首在心理學研究中

and working as a diving coach.

並擔任跳水教練

It also gave me time to concentrate on my dorkiest hobby,

這也讓我有時間專注於 我最愚蠢的愛好：

performing as a magician.

當魔術師

I'm still working on my sleight of hand.

我仍在精進我的技巧

Opening my mind to new identities opened new doors.

敞開心扉接受新的自我認同 開啟了新的大門

Research showed me that I enjoyed creating knowledge,

研究顯示，我喜歡創造知識

not just consuming it.

而不僅僅是消費它

Coaching and performing

擔任教練和表演魔術

helped me see myself as a teacher and an entertainer.

讓我看見自己可以是老師和表演者

If that hadn't happened,

如果沒有經歷那些過程

I might not have become a psychologist and a professor,

我可能就不會成為心理學家和教授

and I probably wouldn't be giving this TED talk.

可能也就不會在 TED 發表這個演講了

See, I'm an introvert,

你們知道，我是個內向的人

and when I first started teaching, I was afraid of public speaking.

當我剛開始教書時 我很怕在大家面前說話

I had a mentor, Jane Dutton,

我的導師，她叫珍達頓

who gave me some invaluable advice.

她給了我非常寶貴的建議

She said, "You have to unleash your inner magician."

她說「你必須釋放你內心的魔術師」

So I turned my class into a live show.

所以我把我的課變成了現場表演

Before the first day, I memorized my students' names and backgrounds,

在第一天上課前 我記住所有學生的名字和背景

and then, I mastered my routine.

接著我完全掌握課堂流程

Those habits served me well.

這樣的習慣對我很有幫助

I started to relax more and I started to get good ratings.

我變得沒那麼緊張了 也開始逐漸獲得好評

But just like with goals and identities,

但就像目標和自我認同一樣

the routines that help us today

今天使我們受益的常規

can become the ruts we get trapped in tomorrow.

可能會成為使我們明天受困的陳規

One day, I taught a class on the importance of rethinking,

有一天，我教了一堂課 內容是關於重新思考的重要性

and afterward, a student came up and said,

在那課後，一個學生過來對我說

"You know, you're not following your own principles."

「你知道，你沒有遵循自己的原則。」

They say feedback is a gift,

人們說，回饋是一份禮物

but right then, I wondered, "How do I return this?"

但當時我在想 「該如何退還這份禮物呢？」

(Takes a breath)

（深吸了一口氣）

I was teaching the same material, the same way, year after year.

年復一年，我都是用同樣的方式 教同樣的教材

I didn't want to give up on a performance that was working.

我不想放棄這套管用的表演方式

I had my act down.

我精通這套演出

Even good habits can stand in the way of rethinking.

但即使是好習慣也會阻礙你重新思考

There's a name for that too.

這也有個術語

It's called "cognitive entrenchment,"

就是所謂的「認知壕溝」

where you get stuck in the way you've always done things.

也就是，你會陷在 你習以為常的做事方式裡面

Just thinking about rethinking made me defensive.

一想到要重新思考現狀 就讓我想要防備

And then, I went through the stages of grief.

然後，我經歷了悲傷的階段

I happened to be doing some research on emotion regulation at the time,

我當時正好在做一些 情緒調節方面的研究

and it came in handy.

剛好就派上用場了

Although you don't always get to choose the emotions you feel,

雖然你並不見得能夠 選擇你所感覺到的情緒

you do get to pick which ones you internalize

但你可以選擇要內化哪些

and which ones you express.

要表達哪些

I started to see emotions as works in progress,

我開始將情緒視為正在進行中的作品

kind of like art.

有點像藝術

If you were a painter,

如果你是一個畫家

you probably wouldn't frame your first sketch.

你八成不會把你的第一幅素描框起來

Your initial feelings are just a rough draft.

你最初的感覺只是一個草稿

As you gain perspective, you can rethink and revise what you feel.

當你開始具備洞察力時 你就可以重新思考和修正你的感覺

So that's what I did.

我是這麼做的

Instead of defensiveness, I tried curiosity.

我試著去好奇，而不是防備

I wondered, "What would happen if I became the student?"

我想知道： 「如果我是學生，會怎麼反應？」

I threw out my plan for one day of class,

我捨棄某一天的課程計畫

and I invited the students to design their own session.

然後請學生設計他們自己的課程

The first year, they wrote letters to their freshman selves,

第一年，他們寫信給剛入學的自己

about what they wish they’d rethought or known sooner.

告訴自己那些他們希望自己重新思考 或早點知道的事情

The next year, they gave passion talks.

第二年，他們舉辦了熱情的演說

They each had one minute to share

他們每個人花一分鐘

something they loved or cared about deeply.

來分享他們喜愛或關心的事情

And now, all my students give passion talks

現在，我所有的學生都能用熱情的演說

to introduce themselves to the class.

來向全班介紹自己

I believe that good teachers introduce new thoughts

我相信好的老師會注入新的思想

but great teachers introduce new ways of thinking.

而偉大的老師會啟發新的思維方式

But it wasn't until I ceded control that I truly understood

一直到我放棄了控制權 我才真正體會到

how much my students had to teach one another,

我的學生能夠互相教導

and me.

以及教導我有多少

Ever since then,

從那以後

I put an annual reminder in my calendar to rethink what and how I teach.

每年我都會提醒自己 要重新思考我要教什麼以及如何教

It's a checkup.

這就像體檢

Just when you go to the doctor for an annual checkup

當你去找醫生幫你做年度體檢

when nothing seems to be wrong,

而檢查結果似乎沒有什麼問題

you can do the same thing in the important parts of your life.

你就可以持續在生活的重要時刻 做和以往一樣的事情

A career checkup to consider how your goals are shifting.

職涯體檢，是考慮你的目標該如何轉換

A relationship checkup to re-examine your habits.

關係體檢，是重新察驗你的習慣

An identity checkup to consider how your values are evolving.

自我認同體檢 是思考你的價值觀該如何演進

Rethinking does not have to change your mind --

重新思考並不一定等於改變你的想法

it just means taking time to reflect

它只是意味著花時間內省

and staying open to reconsidering.

並對重新考慮保持著開放的態度

A hallmark of wisdom

智慧的標記

is knowing when to grit and when to quit,

是知道什麼時候該堅持 什麼時候該放棄

when to throw in the towel on an old identity

什麼時候該放棄舊的自我認同

and dive into a new one,

並投身新的自我認同

when to walk away from some old habits and start scaling a new mountain.

什麼時候該摒棄一些舊習慣 並開始攀登新的山峰

Your past can weigh you down,

你的過去會壓垮你

and rethinking can liberate you.

但重新思考可以釋放你

Rethinking is not just a skill to master personally,

重新思考不僅僅是 個人需要掌握的技能

it's a value we need to embrace culturally.

更是我們在文化上需要接受的價值

We live in a world that mistakes confidence for competence,

我們活在一個錯把自信當能力的世界裡

that pressures us to favor the comfort of conviction

迫使我們偏好堅定的信念帶來的安逸

over the discomfort of doubt,

而拒絕懷疑造成的不自在

that accuses people who change their minds of flip-flopping,

指責改變主意的人見異思遷

when in fact, they might be learning.

而實際上他們是在學習

So let's talk about how to make rethinking the norm.

因此讓我們來談談 如何將重新思考視為基礎規範

We need to invite it and to model it.

我們實在需要接受它並建立運作模式

A few years ago,

幾年前

some of our students at Wharton challenged the faculty to do that.

沃頓商學院的一些學生 向我們老師下戰帖

They asked us to record

他們要求我們記錄

our own version of Jimmy Kimmel's Mean Tweets.

我們自己版本的吉米金摩的刻薄推文

We took the worst feedback we'd ever received

我們挑出有史以來收到

on student course evaluations,

最糟的學生課堂評論

and we read it out loud.

而且必須大聲宣讀出來

Angela Duckworth: “It was easily one of the worst three classes I’ve ever taken...

安琪拉達克沃斯：「這堂課輕易 榮登我上過的爛課前三名……」

one of which the professor was let go after the semester.”

「其中一名教授在學期結束後 就被解雇了」

Mohamed El-Erian: “The number of stories you tell

穆罕默德埃爾埃利安： 「你講故事的數量」

give ‘Aesop’s Fables’ a run for its money.

「足以和《伊索寓言》媲美」

Less can be more.”

「少即是多」

Ouch.

哎喲

Adam Grant: “You’re so nervous

亞當格蘭特：「你太緊張了」

you’re causing us to physically shake in our seats.”

「你讓我們也都在座位上顫抖了」

(Laughs)

(笑)

Mae McDonnell: “So great to finally have a professor from Australia.

梅麥克唐納： 「很高興終於有一位來自澳洲的教授」

You started strong but then got softer.

「你一開始很強勢，但後來變得軟弱了」

You need tenure, so toughen up with these brats.”

「你想要拿到終身教職 就要對這些小屁孩強硬起來」

I'm from Alabama.

其實我是阿拉巴馬州來的

Michael Sinkinson: “Prof Sinkinson acts all down with pop culture

麥克辛金森： 「辛金森教授完全不懂流行文化」

but secretly thinks Ariana Grande is a font in Microsoft Word.”

「暗地裡認為亞莉安娜格蘭德 是微軟中的一種字體」

(Laughs)

(笑)

AG: After I show these clips in class,

我在課堂上展示這些片段後

students give more thoughtful feedback.

學生的回饋變得更深思熟慮

They rethink what's relevant.

他們重新思考應該寫什麼才對

They also become more comfortable telling me what to think,

也更願意告訴我該怎麼想

because I'm not just claiming I'm receptive to criticism.

因為我不只是聲稱我願意接受批評

I'm demonstrating that I can take it.

我在證明我可以接受批評

We need that kind of openness in schools,

我們需要這種開放的態度

不論是在學校、家庭、企業 政府和非營利組織裡都需要

in families, in businesses, in governments, in nonprofits.

A couple of years ago, I was working on a project for the Gates Foundation,

幾年前，我為蓋茲基金會做一個專案

我建議領導者可以記錄 他們自己版本的刻薄推文

and I suggested that leaders could record their own version of Mean Tweets.

Melinda Gates volunteered to go first,

梅琳達蓋茲第一個自願

and one of the points of feedback that she read

其中一個她提到的回饋說：

said "Melinda is like Mary effing Poppins.

「梅琳達就像《歡樂滿人間》裡 那個要命的褓母」

Practically perfect in every way."

「在各個方面都很完美」

And then, she started listing her imperfections.

接著，她就開始列舉自己的不完美之處

People at the Gates Foundation who saw that video

蓋茲基金會看到了這支影片的人

ended up becoming more willing

最後也變得更願意

to recognize and overcome their own limitations.

承認並克服自己的限制

They were also more likely to speak up about problems and solutions.

他們也更有可能說出問題和解決方案

What Melinda was modeling was confident humility.

梅琳達所塑造的是自信的謙遜

Confident humility is being secure enough in your strengths

自信的謙遜，是在你對自己的優點 有足夠的安全感的時候

to acknowledge your weaknesses.

來承認自己你的缺點

Believing that the best way to prove yourself is to improve yourself,

我們相信，證明自己 最好的方法是提升自己

knowing that weak leaders silence their critics

我們也知道，軟弱的領導者 讓批評者噤聲

and make themselves weaker,

也讓自己變得更軟弱

while strong leaders engage their critics and make themselves stronger.

而強大的領導者會與批評者互動 並使自己變得更強大

Confident humility gives you the courage to say "I don't know,"

自信的謙遜讓你有勇氣說「我不知道」

instead of pretending to have all the answers.

而不是假裝知道所有的答案

To say "I was wrong," instead of insisting you were right.

說「我錯了」，而不是堅持你都是對的

It encourages you to listen to ideas

它鼓勵你傾聽

that make you think hard,

能讓你認真思考的想法

not just the ones that make you feel good,

而不只是那些讓你自我感覺良好的想法

and to surround yourself with people who challenge your thought process,

而且願意和挑戰你思維過程的人來往

not just the ones who agree with your conclusions.

而不是只和那些同意你結論的人相處

And sometimes, it even leads you to challenge your own conclusions,

有時，自信的謙遜 甚至會讓你挑戰自己的結論

like with the story about the frog that can't survive the slow-boiling pot.

就像青蛙無法在慢沸的鍋裡生存的故事

I found out recently that's a myth.

我最近發現，這只是一個迷思

If you heat up the water,

如果你把水加熱

the frog will jump out as soon as it gets uncomfortably warm.

一旦溫度變得太熱而不舒服 青蛙就會跳出來

Of course it jumps out, it's not an idiot.

青蛙當然跳出來，牠又不是笨蛋

The problem is not the frog, it's us.

問題不是青蛙，是我們

Once we accept the story as true, we don't bother to think again.

一旦我們接受了這個故事的真實性 我們就不願意再費心思考了

What if we were more like the frog,

如果我們更像青蛙

ready to jump out if the water gets too warm?

準備在水太熱的時候跳出來，會怎樣？

We need to be quick to rethink.

我們需要迅速再次思考這個問題

Thank you.

謝謝