What It's Like To Be a War Refugee | Zarlasht Halaimzai | TED

翻译人员: psjmz mz 校对人员: Ziyao Wang

I was born during a war

我出生在那场

that still engulfs my country, Afghanistan.

仍在吞噬我的祖国 阿富汗的战争中。

When I was growing up, violence was all around me.

在我长大过程中， 暴力无处不在。

I remember sitting in my living room with my family

我记得和家人们坐在客厅里，

when a distant thud would jerk us all out of our seats.

远处砰的一声巨响 会吓得我们都从座位上跳起来。

As the sound of the rockets came closer and closer,

随着火箭炮的声音 由远而近，

our bodies would coil and freeze.

我们的身体会 蜷缩并变得僵硬。

My grandmother would take charge of her terrified flock

我的奶奶会带着 受惊的羊群，

and shepherd us into a room in the back of the house.

把我们领到房子 后面的一个房间里。

No less exposed, but to us, it somehow felt safer.

这里我们同样暴露在外， 但不知为什么感觉安全多了。

I'd cling to my granny and clench my fists

我紧紧抓住奶奶的手， 紧握拳头，

wondering why this was happening to us.

在想为什么这会 发生在我们身上。

I clearly remember my little brother's face wincing

我清楚记得每次 听到火箭弹落下时，

every time we heard a rocket fall.

我弟弟脸上 畏惧的表情。

It was this violence,

就是这种暴力，

this war that still goes on today,

这场今天仍然在进行的战争，

which forced my family to leave our home.

迫使我的家人离开家乡。

We left early one morning not knowing where we would end up.

我们有天早早离开， 不知自己会去向何方。

Along the way, there was more violence.

一路上有更多的暴力。

We drove on roads with landmines,

我们在布满地雷的道路上行驶，

and everywhere we went, there was hostility.

我们去的每一个地方 都充满了敌意。

The overriding memory in my body of those years

那些年我脑海里 压倒一切的记忆是

is of feeling unsafe.

不安全感。

Feeling as though something terrible would happen to me

感觉好像会有 可怕的事情发生在

or to my family.

我和家人身上。

We worried about our friends and family back home.

我担心家乡的家人和朋友。

My grandmother was still in Kabul, and I missed her terribly.

我奶奶还在喀布尔， 我非常想念她。

I'd go to bed at night and say the prayers she taught me

我晚上睡觉前 会念她教我的祷告，

to pray for her safety.

祈祷她平安无事。

We wanted nothing more than to go back home.

我们只想回家。

But when the Taliban took over the country in 1996,

当塔利班在1996年 占领阿富汗时，

my parents realized that was no longer an option.

我父母意识到 在那里呆不下去了。

So after four years of living in exile,

于是在流亡四年后，

we sought asylum in the UK and began a new life.

我们在英国寻求庇护 并开始了新的生活。

I started going to school.

我开始上学。

And almost 25 years later, I'm standing here with you.

过了25年后， 我现在站在这里演讲。

I'm now working to help others overcome devastation by war.

我现在正在努力帮助其他人 克服战争带来的创伤。

To overcome the trauma of being expendable.

克服被抛弃的痛苦经历。

In my work,

在我的工作中，

I see how living under constant threat of violence and feeling unsafe

我看到持续生活在 暴力威胁中的不安全感

can affect people,

是如何影响人们的，

even when they manage to get out.

即使他们逃了出来。

War leaves a physical legacy in our body,

战争在我们的身体、思想

our mind and in our spirit.

和精神上留下了创伤。

When I tell people about my life,

当我告诉人们我的亲身经历时，

they sometimes say it's a remarkable story.

他们有时候会说 这是一个非凡的故事。

But this is not true.

但这并不是真相。

Millions of people are living through war and displacement,

数百万生活在 战争和逃难中的人

trying to survive.

挣扎求生。

For these people, like my family,

和我的家人一样， 对于这些人而言，

the dream isn't to get rich

梦想不是变得富有，

or to go on vacations or to buy that perfect house.

或者去度假， 或者购买完美的房子。

They have a modest,

他们有一个简朴的，

yet somehow still extravagant dream of being safe.

但不知何故 仍然很奢侈的安全梦。

They dream of a day when they can go to the market

他们梦想着 有一天去市场时

without the fear of violence.

不用担心暴力。

Or send their kids to school

或者送小孩上学时

without being afraid for their lives.

不用担心他们的生命安全。

War is dislocating.

战争打乱了一切。

It gets inside your body and makes you into a thing,

它深入你的身体， 让你变成一个东西，

a corpse.

一具虚壳。

It can dislodge empathy, hope and joy

它夺走同情心、希望和快乐，

and replace them with fear.

代之以恐惧。

The fear that comes from living in the violence of war

来自生活在战争中的恐惧

can break social bonds,

会破坏社交纽带，

disbanding the very communities we rely on for safety.

解散我们赖以安全的社区。

Women and children I work with complain about pain in their body.

我帮助的女性和小孩 总抱怨身体的疼痛。

Children as young as three or four talk about hurt in their bellies

三四岁的小孩 会谈到肚子的疼痛，

and not because they're hungry.

这并不是因为他们饿了。

It's a pain I know well.

这种疼痛我很清楚。

A constant, dull ache all over your body,

一种全身的、持续的 隐隐作痛，

and it feels as though nothing can alleviate it.

似乎没有什么东西 能够缓解它。

People have nightmares and experience overwhelming emotions:

人们做噩梦 并体验那些难以压抑的情绪：

grief, sadness and anger.

痛苦、悲伤和愤怒。

"Why did I deserve this," they wonder.

“为什么我要受这个罪”， 他们疑惑不解。

This is the situation facing 84 million forcibly displaced people.

这是 8400 万 被迫流离失所的人的处境。

And according to UNHCR, more than half are women and children.

根据联合国难民署， 这些人里一半以上是妇女和儿童。

What's even more startling

更让人吃惊的

is the number of people living in active conflict zones.

是生活在战区中的人口数量。

According to Save the Children,

根据救助儿童会 （Save the Children）的数据，

420 million children are growing up in places where violence is the norm.

4.2 亿的儿童成长在 暴力是常态的环境中。

These are families and children subject to forces they cannot control.

这些儿童和家庭受制于 他们无法控制的暴力。

Yet war and violence don't become normal.

然而战争和暴力 不能成为常态。

The stress and trauma experienced by people who go through war

战争中的人们遭受的压力和创伤

is itself deadly.

却是致命的。

Illnesses like cancer,

癌症、

diabetes and heart disease

糖尿病和心脏病等

have been linked to trauma and chronic stress.

跟创伤和慢性压力有关。

But it's the psychic pain that affects people the most.

但最能影响人们的 是精神上的痛苦。

Depression, PTSD and other psychiatric disorders

抑郁、创伤后应激障碍 和其他精神疾病

affect a significant percentage of people who go through war.

影响经历过战争的 绝大部分人。

I was shocked when I learned that since 9/11,

当我听说结束自己生命的 美国士兵的数量是

four times more US soldiers have taken their own lives

冲突中死亡的四倍时，

than died in combat.

我十分震惊。

Reconciling to normal life after you've seen life-shattering war

在经历一场破坏生活的战争后 重新适应正常生活

can be the hardest of tasks for a human being.

对人类而言是最困难的任务。

But mental health and healing are often overlooked

支持在战争中幸存下来的人

when supporting people who have survived war.

的精神健康和治疗 往往被忽略。

And that's why I set up Refugee Trauma Initiative,

这也是我创立难民创伤行动 （Refugee Trauma Initiative）的原因，

to help support the mental health of those affected by war and displacement.

去帮助支持受战争和逃难 所影响的人们的心理健康。

Our organization is one of several around the world that helps people

我们是全球仅有的几个

so they can begin to feel safe again.

致力于帮助人们 找回安全感的组织之一。

When feeling safe is splintered

当安全感被击碎，

and you feel unsafe and unseen,

你感到不安和被忽视时，

we work to help bring the internal safe system back online.

我们致力于让身体内部的 安全系统重新上线。

We create spaces where people can convene

我们创造了一个人们可以 以一个集体的形式

and heal as a community.

集会和治愈的空间。

In our groups, men, women and children reconnect with their bodies,

在我们的集体中，男人、女人 和小孩重新拥抱自我，

have the space to express what they are feeling,

他们拥有表达 自己感受的空间，

and most importantly,

最重要的是，

reconnect with others.

他们可以重新与他人联系。

We use art, mindfulness,

我们使用艺术、觉察、

dance and storytelling

舞蹈和故事

to help make sense of the dislocating experiences of violence

去帮助理解 被暴力逼迫

and of being forced to leave your home.

离开家园的混乱经历。

And everything that we do is underpinned by value-based practice.

我们所做的一切都是 基于价值的实践。

We practice understanding, curiosity

我们用体谅、 好奇和尊重

and respect to everyone who comes through the door.

对待每一个前来拜访的人。

We recognize and acknowledge their trauma

我们承认他们的创伤，

without pathologizing or medicalizing their very normal human reaction

而不是将他们对待鲁莽暴力的 正常人类反应

to the reckless violence they've experienced.

病理化或医学化。

And we recognize that these experiences are the result of systemic injustice

我们认识到这些经历 往往是有殖民根源的

and oppression that often have colonial roots,

系统化不公平 和压迫的结果，

which has dehumanized and killed people for centuries.

几个世纪来，它使人失去人性、 杀死了无数人。

At the heart of our work is a simple yet fundamental notion

我们工作的中心是一个 简单而基本的观念，

that feelings of safety

即安全感

are inextricably tied to feeling connected to a community.

和跟集体的连接感 密不可分。

A community where you feel worthy and seen.

一个让人感到被尊重 和被重视的集体。

Where your suffering will be recognized and cared for,

在那里你的遭遇 将得到认可和照顾，

where you can experience belonging.

在那里你能体会到归属感。

Understanding how violence and conflict affects and changes people

理解暴力和冲突 如何影响和改变人们

is more important than ever.

变得前所未有的重要。

Our world is embroiled in multiple chronic conflicts

我们的世界被卷入了 多次看不到尽头的

that seem to have no end in sight.

长期冲突。

Since 1945, there have been 150 conflicts around the world,

自 1945 年以来， 全球有 150 次冲突，

and the overwhelming majority of casualties have been civilians.

绝大多数的伤亡 都是平民。

We can't talk about this human toll of war

谈论到战争导致的人员伤亡

without talking about the war industry.

就不能不谈论战争工业。

The war on terror over the last 20 years unleashed a new kind of violence,

过去20年的反恐战争 引发了一种新的暴力，

displacing 38 million people.

让 3800 万人流离失所。

This is a war that made drone warfare the norm.

在这场战争中， 无人机战成为了常态。

Drones enable automated extermination.

无人机能够自动消灭目标。

As we are moving closer and closer towards automation of war,

随着我们向自动化战争迈进，

what happens when we outsource violence,

当我们将暴力

the extinguishing of a human life,

和将消灭一个人生命的权力 交给一台计算机，

to a computer?

会发生什么事？

What happens to us as an interconnected global community

我们是一个相互连接的群体，

when a machine and not a human

当我们让机器而非人类

decides whether a life is worth something?

决定谁有资格活下来时， 会发生什么事？

This is all bleak,

这很可悲，

but not hopeless.

但还没有到 无药可救的地步。

There's always room to adjust our trajectory to a better future.

我们总是有走向 更好的未来的调整空间。

I'm standing here in the most powerful country in the world,

我正身处于这个世界上 最强大的国家，

a citizen of the United Kingdom,

作为英国的公民，

two countries that have long held power over war and peace.

两个长期以来控制 战争和和平的国家。

And the first thing that we can do

我们能够做的第一件事是

is demand that our governments stop investing in mass destruction.

要求我们的政府停止投资 大规模杀伤性武器。

At a time when we need to invest in tackling climate change

在我们需要投资 应对气候变化

and in health care,

和医疗健康时，

our governments are financing weapons and drones.

我们的政府却在资助 武器和无人机。

Every vote that we cast should be against weapons of mass destruction,

我们投的每一票都应该 反对大规模杀伤性武器，

against automation of war.

反对自动化战争。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

And you can do something in your own community.

我们可以从自己的社区做起。

Right now, there are literally millions of Afghans

当下，有数百万的阿富汗人

who are brutally forced to leave their home.

被迫离开家园。

Like them, there are Syrians, Iraqis, Burundians

像他们一样的，还有 叙利亚人、伊拉克人和布隆迪人，

who all have to deal with the fallout of war and displacement.

他们都要面对战争和逃难的后果。

And the antidote to their suffering lies in the kindness and connection

他们痛苦的解药在于找到

of the communities where they find themselves.

他们所在社区的 善意和人际关系。

If they can feel safe there,

如果他们在那里能感到安全，

they can begin to heal

他们可以开始痊愈，

and start a new life.

并开始新的生活。

It's sometimes hard for us to see

有时候我们很难意识到

that the answers to some of the most complicated problems in the world

世界上最复杂问题的答案

lie in the simplest of human actions.

就在人们的最简单行动中。

It may sound too easy

这听起来也许太简单了：

that a good neighbor can help to heal the wounds of war.

好的邻居能够帮助 治愈战争的创伤。

But in my experience, this is true.

但根据我的经验， 这是真的.

Before we landed in London, after months of hardship,

到达伦敦前， 我们历经数月的艰辛，

we stopped in a poor neighborhood of a town in Central Asia.

落脚在中亚一个小镇的贫民区。

I was forlorn, grief stricken

我孤苦伶仃、 悲痛欲绝，

and not yet able to imagine a future without violence.

无法想象没有暴力的 未来是什么样的。

One day, a neighborhood teacher knocked on our door.

有天，一个邻居家老师 来敲我们的门。

When we opened the door,

当我们打开门时，

we saw a kindly middle-aged woman

我们看到一位 友好的中年妇女，

carrying a box of pens, colored pencils,

带着一盒钢笔、彩色铅笔、

paper and children's books.

纸张和儿童书。

She asked my parents if she could come in and spend time with us.

她问我父母，能否进来 和我们呆一会儿。

They let her in, and from that day,

父母让她进来了， 从那天开始，

she visited us most days after school.

大部分放学后的时间 她都来拜访我们。

When I told her that I desperately wanted to go to school,

当我告诉她 我渴望能上学时，

she took me to her classroom,

她带我去她的班级，

where the girls had prepared gifts.

女孩们在那里准备了礼物。

They taught me how to sing a song.

她们教我如何唱歌。

It wasn't long before we had to move on,

过了不久， 我们离开了，

and once we left, I never saw her again.

我离开后， 再也没有见过她。

But what she did made me feel valued and safe.

但她所作所为 让我感到安全和被珍视。

The memory of that experience had left a blueprint

那次经历在我身体里留下了

of what it felt to inhabit my body,

安全的感觉的蓝图，

if only for a moment, without fear.

哪怕只有片刻 没有恐惧。

A memory of joy and belonging.

快乐和归属的记忆。

And to this day, when I feel the opposite,

直至现在，每当我 有相反的感觉时，

I can close my eyes and feel that connection.

我会闭上我的眼睛， 感受那种人与人之间的联系。

And it carries me through the dark days.

它总带我走过黑暗的日子。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）