The Shift We Need to Stop Mass Surveillance | Albert Fox Cahn | TED

翻译人员: sylvia feng 校对人员: Yan Li Xiao

We all know we're tracked everywhere we go.

我们都知道无论我们 去哪里都被“跟踪”了。

But as a lawyer, a technologist and anti-surveillance activist,

作为一名律师、技术专家， 以及反监控活动家，

I'm here to tell you two things:

我必须要告诉大家两件事：

the threat is way worse than you realize

监控带来威胁比你 想象中要严重许多，

and the solutions simpler than you think.

可是，解决方案比你想的更简单。

And no, it's not wearing a tinfoil hat.

当然，这并不是戴上 锡箔帽就能解决的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

You may know that advertisers can record every link you click

你可能知道，广告商会记录下 你点击的每条链接，

and every place you've been,

或者是你到过的每个地方，

but you may not realize the government can buy that data, too.

不过你可能还没意识到， 政府是能购买这些数据的，

If the NYPD wants to track a BLM protest, they can buy the data.

比如说，纽约警察 可以用买来的数据

搜查参加“黑命贵” 示威者的行踪。

If Texas wants to watch an abortion clinic,

如果得克萨斯州的政府想要 监视提供堕胎服务的诊所，

they can buy the data.

他们可以买到相关数据。

And when the IRS wants to know

当国税局想要知道

if your Florida company is really doing work in California,

你在佛罗里达的公司是否 真的在加州开展业务，

they don't need to buy the data.

他们甚至不需要购买这些数据。

They already did.

他们已经有了这些数据。

Millions of our location records.

他们有我们成千上万 的位置定位数据。

And what the government can't buy, it can take by force,

而且买不到的数据， 政府可以靠武力获得，

crudely wielding our 18th century constitution

他们粗鲁地用从 18 世纪的宪法

against 21st century technology.

来掌控 21 世纪先进技术。

With a geofence warrant,

有了地理围栏搜查令，

companies are forced to hand over our location data -- not for one person,

科技公司将被迫交出 用户的位置数据。

不是某一个人，

but everyone, every single user in a geographic area,

而是所有处于某个地理区域的人。

whether a single room or an entire city.

不论是一间房，还是一座城。

In one Virginia case, police cast a digital dragnet

在弗吉尼亚州的一个案例中，

警察甚至在犯罪现场之外 很远的地方也布下了数字布网，

far beyond the crime scene,

forcing Google to identify everyone nearby,

他们强迫“谷歌”公司 识别附近的每个人，

even those at a church,

甚至是教堂里做礼拜的人，

even though they weren't even suspects.

即使他们根本就不是嫌疑犯。

It's not only Orwellian, it's bad policing.

这不仅仅是“奥威尔主义“， 这是非常糟糕的执法行为。

Search widely enough

只要搜索范围够大，

and someone's movements will always look suspicious.

那么总有一些人 的行动总会显得可疑。

Like an Arizona man wrongly arrested for murder miles away

亚利桑那的一名男子就曾因为发生

在千里之外的谋杀案 而被错误的遭到逮捕，

simply because someone was logged into his Google account.

因为有人登陆了他的”谷歌“账户。

Or a Florida man connected to a crime scene

一名佛罗里达的男子，仅仅 因为在事发地附近骑自行车

for biking around the neighborhood.

而被牵扯到犯罪案件中。

Look, I don't know about you,

听着，我不知道你们是怎么想的，

but I find it hard enough to work up the energy to work out

但我发现要想打起精神去锻炼

而担心我的 Fitbit 会让我进监狱

without worrying that my Fitbit is going to land me in jail.

真的非常的难。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Technology makes tracking possible,

当前先进的技术让监控变得容易，

but it's our laws that give it force,

但赋予它力量的是我们的法律。

posing a deeply discriminatory danger to BIPOC communities,

这会给少数族裔社区、性少数群体，

LGBTQ individuals and undocumented families.

以及非法移民等人群带 来严重的歧视性危害。

We can't continue to watch officers shred the Fourth Amendment safeguards

我们不能再任由政府机构 肆意利用”第四修正案”

against search and seizure.

进行不合理搜查和扣押。

We can't wait for the Supreme Court to act.

我们不能只等最高法院采取行动。

We must ban geofence warrants and other surveillance abuses today.

我们今天必须禁止“地理围栏” 搜查令和政府的其他监控行为。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

For years, privacy advocates have fought how companies collect our data.

从很早开始，隐私权倡导者就 与数据搜集公司做着斗争。

And we failed.

不幸的是，我们失败了。

Maybe we should have tried the tinfoil hats after all.

也许我们应该换个方法， 直接戴上锡箔帽子试试。

But we can stop mass surveillance

事实上，只要我们换个角度 来看待这个问题的话，

if we change the problem we're trying to fix.

我们是可以 制止大规模监控行为的。

Shifting our focus from how companies collect our data

将我们的关注点从公司 如何收集我们的数据

转义为政府如何滥用数据。

to how governments abuse it.

In America, our default rule is

在美国，我们默认的规则是

that every smartphone, computer and Internet-enabled toaster oven

每部手机、每台电脑以及任意 可以接入网络的电子产品

is a police tool in the making.

都是警察手中的合法破案工具。

Officers can seize our devices and wiretap Alexa,

他们可以没收你的电子设备， 监听你的智能助理 Alexa，

but they don't control the contours of our Constitution.

但是，他们不能左右“宪法”

It's our decision, our democratic decision,

这是我们的决定， 我们的民主决定，

whether our data can be used for undemocratic ends.

关于我们的数据是否可以 在非民主目的场景下使用。

We can create new firewalls to protect our information --

我们可以建立新的防火墙 来保护我们的信息——

not computer code, but legal codes

不是用计算机代码，而是法律代码

that shield us from having our data used against us in a court of law.

来保护我们的数据不会在法庭上 以任何对我们不利的形势出现。

Legal firewalls are already becoming a reality in New York.

在纽约，依据法律的 “信息防火墙”已经成为现实。

At the pandemic's height,

在新冠流行的高峰期，

we feared how police and ICE

我们担心警察和移民局

might misuse data from new contact tracing apps

会利用你手机上的 Apps 来监控所有周围的人。

that monitor everyone nearby.

So we worked with the New York Civil Liberties Union,

我们和“美国公民自由联盟”、 医生、以及社区组织合作

doctors, grassroots organizers

to create the first ban on police access to contact tracing data in the country.

推动起草禁止警察获取从手机 App 追踪个人隐私数据的行为。

No one should fear that they'll be arrested

我们不应该因为健康数据 的收集而担心被捕，

because of public health data,

but that remains a risk in 49 states.

但这一风险还存在 于其他 49 个州。

Legal firewalls let us have our technology and our Constitution too,

“信息防火墙” 不光有技术 支持，更有宪法为其背书

enabling innovation by outlawing oppression.

将所有的信息滥用 都设为不合法的。

We see glimmers of Beltway bipartisanship,

我们看到了两党合作的曙光，

but state and local governments are our brightest hope.

州政府和地方政府 更是我们的希望。

That's because it can take millions of people

因为只有更多的州政府 和地方政府加入

to enact a national statute,

才能促成这一法规 在全国范围内通过

but just a handful of committed activists can make changes in their community.

而不仅仅是在某些特定区域。

令人欣喜的是，已经有不少州都 加入到信息保护的行列中来了，

And we already see a deluge of state and local protections,

including a bill I helped write,

其中也包括一条我协助撰写的议案。

New York's first in the nation ban on geofence warrants.

纽约是全国第一个禁止 “地理围栏”搜查令的地方。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Thank you.

谢谢。

And even some courts agree.

最近有法院也同意这一做法。

Just last month, a federal judge struck down

上个月，一名联邦法官 对弗吉尼亚州的

that sprawling Virginia geofence,

“地理围栏”提出质疑，

calling on state lawmakers to enact bills like my own.

呼吁立法机构通过像 我提出的这类议案。

作为一名抗议者，纽约警察局 执法记录仪怼着我的脸拍，

As a teenage protester, NYPD camcorders shoved in my face,

I saw surveillance as a threat,

我认为这是监控的一种威胁，

and people thought my fears were something out of science fiction.

可惜有的人认为，我所担心 的只存在于科幻小说。

Today, they increasingly think that surveillance is inevitable

如今，越来越多人认为 监控无是法避免的，

and that privacy is the fantasy.

想要保护隐私就是幻想。

But I'm actually more optimistic than ever.

但我现在比以前更乐观了。

It had to get this bad for the denial to break

公众必须在情况变 得更糟之前做出决定，

and for the public to act.

并且采取行动。

I know we can push back that looming dystopia.

我知道我们可以击退那个 若隐若现的反乌托邦。

I know we can protect everything

我也认为，将来科学技术 是可以帮助保护隐私的，

that technology might make possible tomorrow,

but only if we ban surveillance abuses today.

但前提是我们需要禁止当下 的大规模监控滥用。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）