The Shift We Need to Stop Mass Surveillance | Albert Fox Cahn | TED

譯者: Fred Tsang 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

We all know we're tracked everywhere we go.

我們都知道， 我們無論去哪裡都會被追蹤到。

But as a lawyer, a technologist and anti-surveillance activist,

但是，作為一名律師、 技術專家和反監控活動家，

I'm here to tell you two things:

我在這裡要告訴你兩件事：

the threat is way worse than you realize

威脅比你意識到的要嚴重得多，

and the solutions simpler than you think.

而解決方案比你想像的要簡單。

And no, it's not wearing a tinfoil hat.

不過，帶上一頂锡箔帽並不行。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

You may know that advertisers can record every link you click

你可能知道廣告商 可以記錄你點擊的每個鏈接

and every place you've been,

和你去過的每個地方，

but you may not realize the government can buy that data, too.

但你可能不知道 政府也可以購買這些數據。

If the NYPD wants to track a BLM protest, they can buy the data.

如果紐約警察想追蹤黑人的命也是命 （BLM）的抗議活動，

他們可以購買數據。

If Texas wants to watch an abortion clinic,

如果德克薩斯州想 監察一個墮胎診所，

they can buy the data.

他們可以購買數據。

And when the IRS wants to know

而當國稅局想知道

if your Florida company is really doing work in California,

你佛羅裡達州的公司 是否真的在加州運作時，

they don't need to buy the data.

他們不需要購買數據。

They already did.

他們已經有這些數據了。

Millions of our location records.

數以百萬計的位置記錄。

And what the government can't buy, it can take by force,

政府買不到的東西， 它可以用武力奪取，

crudely wielding our 18th century constitution

粗暴地揮舞著我們 18 世紀的憲法，

against 21st century technology.

來對抗 21 世紀的技術。

With a geofence warrant,

有了地理圍欄法令，

companies are forced to hand over our location data -- not for one person,

公司被迫交出我們的位置數據 ——不是針對一個人，

but everyone, every single user in a geographic area,

而是所有人， 一個地理區域內的每一個用戶。

whether a single room or an entire city.

這個區域可以是一個房間 也可以是整個城市。

In one Virginia case, police cast a digital dragnet

在維吉尼亞州的一起案件中， 警方撒下一張數字大網

far beyond the crime scene,

其範圍遠超犯罪現場，

forcing Google to identify everyone nearby,

它迫使谷歌識別附近所有人，

even those at a church,

即使是身處教堂的人們，

even though they weren't even suspects.

尽管他们連嫌疑人都不是。

It's not only Orwellian, it's bad policing.

這不僅是歐威爾式的， 而且是糟糕的警務。

Search widely enough

只要搜索範圍足夠廣，

and someone's movements will always look suspicious.

某人的行動總會顯得很可疑。

Like an Arizona man wrongly arrested for murder miles away

就像亞利桑那州的一名男子 僅僅因為有人登錄了他的谷歌帳戶，

simply because someone was logged into his Google account.

就在幾英裡外以謀殺罪被錯誤逮捕。

Or a Florida man connected to a crime scene

或者一個佛羅裡達州的男子 因爲在附近騎單車

for biking around the neighborhood.

而被指與犯罪現場有關。

Look, I don't know about you,

你看，我不知道你們怎麼想，

but I find it hard enough to work up the energy to work out

但我已經很難不再鼓起勁來鍛鍊的時候

without worrying that my Fitbit is going to land me in jail.

擔心我的手環 哪天會把送進監獄。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Technology makes tracking possible,

技術使追蹤成為可能，

but it's our laws that give it force,

但正是我們的法律給了它力量，

posing a deeply discriminatory danger to BIPOC communities,

對 BIPOC 社區、 LGBTQ 個人和無證家庭

LGBTQ individuals and undocumented families.

構成了嚴重的歧視性危險。

We can't continue to watch officers shred the Fourth Amendment safeguards

我們不能繼續看著官員們 撕毀憲法第四修正案裏

against search and seizure.

對搜查和扣押的保障措施。

We can't wait for the Supreme Court to act.

我們不能等待最高法院採取行動。

We must ban geofence warrants and other surveillance abuses today.

我們今天必須禁止地理圍欄法令 和其他濫用監控的行為。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

For years, privacy advocates have fought how companies collect our data.

多年來，隱私倡導者一直在爭取 公司如何合理地收集我們的數據。

And we failed.

但我們失敗了。

Maybe we should have tried the tinfoil hats after all.

或許最終我們應該試一下錫箔帽。

But we can stop mass surveillance

但是， 如果我們改變我們試圖解決的問題，

if we change the problem we're trying to fix.

我們就可以停止大規模監控。

Shifting our focus from how companies collect our data

將我們的注意力 從公司如何收集我們的數據

to how governments abuse it.

轉移到政府如何濫用數據。

In America, our default rule is

在美國，我們的默認規則是，

that every smartphone, computer and Internet-enabled toaster oven

每一部智慧型手機、 電腦和支持網路的烤麵包機

is a police tool in the making.

從製造一開始就是警察工具。

Officers can seize our devices and wiretap Alexa,

官員們可以扣押我們的設備 竊聽 Alexa 語音助理，

but they don't control the contours of our Constitution.

但他們不能控制我們憲法的表述。

It's our decision, our democratic decision,

這是我們的決定， 我們的民主決定，

whether our data can be used for undemocratic ends.

我們的數據 能否被用於不民主的目的。

We can create new firewalls to protect our information --

我們可以創建新的防火牆 來保護我們的信息——

not computer code, but legal codes

不是計算機代碼，而是法律代碼，

that shield us from having our data used against us in a court of law.

以保護我們的數據 在法庭上不被用來對付我們。

Legal firewalls are already becoming a reality in New York.

法律防火牆在紐約已經成為現實。

At the pandemic's height,

在疫情最嚴重的時候，

we feared how police and ICE

我們擔心警察和移民局

might misuse data from new contact tracing apps

可能會濫用 從新開發的監測附近每個人接觸記錄

that monitor everyone nearby.

的追蹤應用程式中獲取的數據。

So we worked with the New York Civil Liberties Union,

因此，我們與紐約公民自由聯盟、

doctors, grassroots organizers

醫生、基層組織者合作，

to create the first ban on police access to contact tracing data in the country.

創建了全國第一個 禁止警察獲取聯繫人追蹤數據的禁令。

No one should fear that they'll be arrested

沒有人應該擔心 他們會因為公共衛生數據而被逮捕，

because of public health data,

but that remains a risk in 49 states.

但這在其他 49 個州 仍然是一個風險。

Legal firewalls let us have our technology and our Constitution too,

法律防火牆讓我們擁有 我們的技術以及我們的憲法，

enabling innovation by outlawing oppression.

通過取締壓迫實現創新。

We see glimmers of Beltway bipartisanship,

我們看到了“環路”兩黨合作的曙光，

but state and local governments are our brightest hope.

但州和地方政府是我們最光明的希望。

That's because it can take millions of people

這是因為制定一項全國性法規 可能需要數百萬人，

to enact a national statute,

but just a handful of committed activists can make changes in their community.

但只要有少數堅定的活動家 就能在他們的社區中做出改變。

And we already see a deluge of state and local protections,

我們已經看到 很多州和地方的保護措施，

including a bill I helped write,

包括我幫忙撰寫的那個，

New York's first in the nation ban on geofence warrants.

紐約在全國 首次禁止地理圍欄的法令。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

And even some courts agree.

甚至一些法院也同意。

Just last month, a federal judge struck down

就在上個月，一位聯邦法官推翻了

that sprawling Virginia geofence,

維吉尼亞州的那道龐大的地理圍欄，

calling on state lawmakers to enact bills like my own.

呼籲各州立法者制定類似我的法案。

As a teenage protester, NYPD camcorders shoved in my face,

作為一個十幾歲的抗議者， 紐約警察局的攝像機推到我的臉上，

I saw surveillance as a threat,

我把監視視為一種威脅，

and people thought my fears were something out of science fiction.

人們認為我的恐懼 是科幻小說裡的東西。

Today, they increasingly think that surveillance is inevitable

今天， 他們越來越認為監視是不可避免的，

and that privacy is the fantasy.

而隱私成了幻想。

But I'm actually more optimistic than ever.

但我實際上 比以往任何時候都更樂觀。

It had to get this bad for the denial to break

它只有變得如此糟糕， 才能打破否認，

and for the public to act.

才能讓公眾採取行動。

I know we can push back that looming dystopia.

我知道我們可以推倒 那個迫在眉睫的反烏托邦。

I know we can protect everything

我知道我們可以保護

that technology might make possible tomorrow,

明天技術可能帶來的一切，

but only if we ban surveillance abuses today.

但前提是 我們今天就要禁止監控的濫用。

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）