Megan McArthur: A NASA astronaut's lessons on fear, confidence and preparing for spaceflight | TED

78,752 views ・ 2021-04-23

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翻译人员: Ruimian Zheng 校对人员: Yanyan Hong
00:12
Pat Mitchell: Welcome, Megan.
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帕特·米歇尔(Pat Mitchell): 欢迎,梅根。
00:14
Megan McArthur: Hello, Pat, thank you for having me.
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梅根·麦克阿瑟(Megan McArthur): 你好,帕特,谢谢你的邀请。
00:17
PM: Let's go with the question that I think is probably coming up
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帕:让我们先讨论一个我认为
00:20
for many of us.
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很多人关注的问题。
00:21
This is unusual.
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这件事很特别。
00:23
Husband and wife,
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夫妻二人,
00:25
met during your training,
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在训练中相识,
00:27
and in the year that you got married,
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并且在你们结婚的那年,
00:29
you both flew into space, separately.
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两人各自飞入太空。
00:32
You, on the Hubble Telescope mission
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你执行哈勃望远镜的任务,
00:35
and Bob on the mission to construct the space station.
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而鲍勃负责建造空间站的任务。
00:39
And ironically, if your mission had gone awry or needed help,
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有意思的是,如果你的使命 出了差错或需要帮助,
00:43
Bob was assigned to be on the rescue craft.
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被指派到救援船上会是鲍勃。
00:46
You know, launch day is for all of us a time of great excitement, yes.
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发射日对我们所有人来说 都是十分兴奋的,没错,
00:51
But also anxieties about the risk and the fear we might feel inside
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不过仅是在旁观的我们, 面对风险,内心可能也会充满
00:56
just watching.
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担忧和恐惧。
00:58
How do you prepare for launch day?
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你是如何为发射日做准备的?
01:02
MMA: Well, Pat, one of the most important things to focus on for me
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梅:嗯,帕特,对我来说, 我所最需要关注的,
01:05
was really preparing my son and making sure that he was ready
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是帮助并确保我儿子做好准备,
01:09
and that he enjoyed the experience of watching his father launch
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能享受地观看他父亲进入太空,
01:13
and complete this mission that he'd been training for,
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并完成这个在我们儿子 出生后大部分时间里
01:16
really for most of our son's life.
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他都在为之训练的任务。
01:18
So when we walked out onto the roof of the launch control center
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当我们走上发射控制中心的屋顶,
01:22
and we could see the rocket off in the distance
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可以看到在远处的火箭,
01:24
and were lining up against the rail,
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我们靠着栏杆,
01:26
ready for the countdown,
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准备倒计时,
01:28
and of course, I got my arms around him
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当然,我用胳膊搂住他,
01:30
and we hear, "Three, two, one, liftoff."
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我们听到,“三,二,一,发射。”
01:33
And then we see the rocket carrying his father
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接着,我们看到火箭载着他父亲,
01:36
you know, jumping off the launch pad.
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你知道,从发射台上弹射出去。
01:38
And for me,
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对我来说,
01:40
it was this moment of just an outpouring of feeling and emotion
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在那个时刻, 我长时间以来的感情和情绪
01:44
that had been with me for such a long time.
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全都喷涌而出。
01:47
And I'm crying and I'm laughing and I'm just shaking.
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我又哭又笑,我在颤抖。
01:51
And so I had to let go of my son, who was fine, by the way,
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所以我得放开我儿子, 他没事,顺便说一下,
01:54
he was completely fine.
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他完全没有事。
01:55
And I’m covering up my mouth
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我捂住了嘴,
01:57
because I don't know what kind of sounds I'm going to make
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因为我不知道我会发出什么样的声音,
02:00
with this complete terror and this complete joy
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当彻底的恐惧和彻底的喜悦
02:02
at this moment.
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混杂在同一时刻。
02:03
And thinking about what it took to get there.
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想想花了多少努力才达到那一刻。
02:06
My husband, you know, an accomplished astronaut,
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我丈夫,你知道, 是一位有成就的宇航员,
02:09
an experienced Air Force flight test engineer,
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一位有经验的空军飞行测试工程师,
02:11
he had formerly been the chief astronaut.
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他曾任首席宇航员。
02:14
And I've watched him launch into space twice before.
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我以前两次看过他发射进入太空。
02:17
And it's been terrifying every time.
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每一次都很可怕。
02:19
Why is that?
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为什么会怎样?
02:21
You know, of course, I love my husband, but it's more than that.
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你知道,我当然爱我丈夫, 但不仅仅是如此。
02:24
It's that I love my husband,
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是因为我爱我丈夫,
02:26
and right now I can't do anything at all to impact the situation.
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而我无法做任何事来影响现场情况。
02:29
I'm standing on a rooftop.
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我站在屋顶上。
02:30
I have no job.
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我没有职务,
02:32
I have no way to contribute.
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我没有办法去帮忙。
02:33
And so that's where for me the fear comes from
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对我来说,我恐惧的来源
02:36
is that feeling of helplessness.
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是那种无能为力的感觉。
02:39
And so, over and over in my life, I've seen, of course,
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所以,在我一生里, 我一次又一次地看到,当然,
02:41
that training and preparation can get us ready for an event like that,
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训练和准备可以让我们 为这样的事件做好准备,
02:46
but it's having the input,
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但是只有能出力,
02:48
having the ability to impact your situation
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有能力影响你的状况,
02:51
that is what removes the fear and balances it for you.
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才能消除和平衡你的恐惧。
02:56
So the education, the experience, you have to have that,
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所以那些训练和经验是必需的,
03:00
but also having a voice, having an input,
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但同时也要有发言权,要能参与,
03:03
having a seat in the cockpit
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在驾驶舱里有一席之地,
03:05
is what allows you to leave that fear behind.
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才能把恐惧抛在脑后。
03:07
PM: But what about your son, Megan?
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帕:可是你的儿子怎么办,梅根?
03:10
He won't be there.
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他不会在那里。
03:11
He'll be on the ground watching mommy take off into space
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他会在地面看着妈妈飞向太空,
03:15
just as he watched his dad who returned safely.
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就像他看着平安归来的爸爸。
03:18
But have you taken special preparations for him to see mommy doing the same?
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不过,你有没有做特别的准备, 让他看着妈妈以同样的方式飞向太空?
03:24
MMA: Well, his first reaction
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梅:嗯,他的第一反应,
03:25
when learning that mommy was going to go into space
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当他知道妈妈也要飞入太空时,
03:28
first, he told me, "No, mommy, you can't go."
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他一开始说:“不行, 妈妈,你不能去。”
03:30
That was his very first response.
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那是他的第一反应。
03:31
And then as he got more comfortable with the idea,
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然后,他渐渐接受了这件事,
03:34
you know, his dad went up and came back
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你知道,他爸爸升空又回来了,
03:36
and then he said, "Well, OK, you can go for 30 days,
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他就说,“好吧,你可以去 30 天,
03:38
but 180 days, that's too much.
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但是 180 天,太久了。
03:40
You can’t, you can’t go for that long.”
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不行,你不能去那么久。”
03:42
He's also obviously seen his father go through all of this.
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他显然也看到过他父亲经历这些。
03:45
And so for him, it's become this normal thing.
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所以对他来说,这已经 成为一件再正常不过的事了。
03:47
This is a normal thing that mommy and daddy do.
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这是爸爸妈妈的日常工作, 很正常的事。
03:50
We'll read stories back and forth while I'm here in Russia
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当我在俄罗斯这边的时候, 我们会通过视频通话,
03:53
over video conference.
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一起反复读故事。
03:55
And I was given the idea to fill a jar with chocolate kisses
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而且我有了个好主意, 装了一罐子的好时之吻巧克力,
03:59
and then he can have a kiss from mommy every day that I'm gone.
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这样,我不在的时候, 他每天还能得到一个妈妈的吻,
04:02
So he likes that idea very much.
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他也很喜欢这个主意。
04:05
PM: Well, just to be clear,
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帕:嗯,我要说一下,
04:07
it's a great message that this young man is getting
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让这个小伙子知道 爸爸妈妈做的是同样的工作
04:10
about mommy and daddy doing the same job, isn't it?
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是一件特别好的事情,不是吗?
04:13
And I just want to bring forward a quote
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所以我想引用一句 太空探索技术公司(SpaceX)领导人
04:16
from the SpaceX leader Gwynne Shotwell,
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格温·肖特维尔(Gwynne Shotwell)说的话,
04:20
who was asked about your going, and your husband's going,
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有人问她你的航天之旅, 还有你丈夫的旅程,
04:23
and she was questioned about your flying
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问的是关于你飞行所乘坐的
04:25
in the same pilot seat or spacecraft as your husband.
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和你丈夫是同一个驾驶座或飞船。
04:29
And here was part of her answer:
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下面是她的提到的:
04:30
"I'd like to point out that, you know,
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“我想指出,你知道,
04:32
Megan is first and foremost
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在我们眼中的梅根
04:35
an astronaut when it comes to our perspective."
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首先是一名一流的宇航员。”
04:39
MMA: Well, I did want to reach through the screen
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梅根:嗯,当格温女士这么说的时候,
04:42
and high-five Ms. Shotwell when she said that,
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我真的很想穿过屏幕和她击掌,
04:44
I very much appreciated that remark.
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我非常感激她的评价。
04:46
You know, it has changed for me over the years,
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你知道,这些年来, 航空对我来说也不一样了,
04:49
the first time I flew in space
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我第一次飞上太空的时候,
04:51
I was married, but I was not yet a parent.
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我已经结婚,但我还没为人父母。
04:53
And both my husband and I came to NASA as single people
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我和我丈夫都是单身来到 美国国家航空航天局,
04:56
and we met and married, of course, at NASA.
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我们是在这里相识并结婚的。
04:59
It's a different thing to take on as a family
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作为一个家庭来说,这是另一回事,
05:02
that you're doing this thing that's for yourself.
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因为你航天是为了自己,
05:05
It's also kind of for the greater good.
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不过也是为了更伟大的事业。
05:07
The notion of exploration and discovery is something to engage in.
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一种理念、 探索和发现是值得参与的。
05:11
And I think that that example,
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我觉得我们的例子,
05:14
you know, for my son to see
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你知道,让我儿子看到,
05:15
that his parents are engaged in this thing,
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他的父母都有参与探索和发现,
05:18
that, yes, it takes us away from him,
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确实,这样让我们和他分离,
05:19
but these are important things to do.
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但我们所做的是很重要的事。
05:22
PM: And you were in high school, Megan,
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帕:你当时在上高中,梅根,
05:24
when the Challenger spacecraft tragically exploded
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当挑战者号飞船不幸爆炸,
05:29
and the whole world confronted the realities of the risk
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整个世界都在面对这种风险的现实,
05:32
that you and your husband
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这种你和你的丈夫,
05:34
and other brave women and men are taking.
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以及其他勇敢的人所冒的风险。
05:36
I remember that moment
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我还记得那一刻,
05:37
and I still hold my breath every time during each and every launch.
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每一次发射,我都还屏住呼吸。
05:42
So how do you find the balance between knowing the risks are real
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那你怎么平衡知道风险的真实存在,
05:48
and you're feeling prepared enough to do what you have to do
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和觉得你已经准备好 去执行你得完成
05:51
and what you want to accomplish?
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而且也想完成的任务?
05:54
MMA: Well, the crux of it for us for feeling prepared and participating
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梅:嗯,对我们来说, 做好准备和执行的关键
05:59
is really training.
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在于训练。
06:00
So we train our way into that seat.
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我们通过训练才坐上驾驶座的。
06:02
You spend literally hundreds of hours preparing in every possible way.
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为了做好方方面面的准备, 得花上几百个小时。
06:07
We break down every system into bite-sized pieces, basically.
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我们基本把每个系统都拆解成小块。
06:10
We have these wonderful instructors
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我们有优秀的指导员,
06:12
who are professional instructors, basically,
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他们都是专业的,
06:14
and they know exactly what it's going to take for us
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他们很清楚我们要怎样才能
06:17
to learn these systems inside and out.
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把这些系统都里里外外地学透。
06:19
And so, sort of, one system at a time,
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就这样,一次一个系统地学,
06:21
and then they put all the systems together
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然后,他们把所有系统放在一起,
06:23
and then they break every possible thing that they can think of to break
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把所有能拆解的东西都拆掉,
06:26
so that you have to, as a team, as a crew,
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这样作为一个团队,一个机组,
06:28
solve these problems and work together to get through the situation.
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你们要解决这些问题, 合作共度难关。
06:32
And the reason that they do that
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他们这么做的原因
06:33
is not because they think those exact things are going to happen.
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不是因为那些事真的会发生。
06:37
It's to build you up.
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目的是要增强你的信心。
06:38
You prove to yourself that you have the ability to work
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你向自己证明,你有能力,
06:41
when maybe some really terrible things are happening
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如果有很糟糕的情况发生,
06:44
and to make your situation better.
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你能改善你的处境。
06:46
And the thing that's going to happen
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而且发生的事情
06:47
isn't necessarily going to be the specific one
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也不完全就是训练中那一个,
06:50
or even hundred different scenarios that they've shown you.
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甚至不是训练中看过的 几百种不同情况之一。
06:53
But you have worked and you have developed your skills
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但你已经开发和锻炼了你的能力,
06:57
which will support you to kind of tackle any problem that you might have,
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这些技能让你可以解决 任何可能碰到的问题,
07:00
not just as a crew in the ship,
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不仅学会与舱内机组合作,
07:02
but now you've worked with the whole team on the ground,
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你也学会了和地面的整个团队协调,
07:05
and you know you're going to be able to solve those situations
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所以你知道你有能力团队合作,
07:08
working together.
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处理好那些状况。
07:10
PM: Has there ever been a time when you felt fear,
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帕:你有没有感到过害怕,
07:14
real fear or maybe just being unprepared?
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真正的恐惧, 或者就是措手不及?
07:18
MMA: A couple of years ago, I had the, I'll say opportunity,
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梅:几年前,我有一个, 算是机会吧,
07:21
but I had the situation where I was "voluntold"
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当时,我被指定
07:24
to take an assistant directorship job.
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去接受一份助理主管的工作。
07:27
And it was something I was very reluctant to do,
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这份工作我做得十分勉强,
07:29
I didn't feel prepared for it,
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我觉得我没有足够的准备,
07:31
I didn't feel like I had the right skill set,
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我觉得我没有合适的技能,
07:34
and I didn't feel like I was going to be good at it.
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我不觉得我能把这份工作做好。
07:36
And none of those are good feelings.
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这些感觉一点都不好。
07:39
There's a part in your book, Pat, where you say,
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你的书里有一段, 帕特,你写道:
07:41
"I realized at some point that being ready
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“在某个时刻,我意识到, 所谓准备好了,
07:44
could mean being ready to learn quickly while doing."
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可能意味着准备好 一边实践,一边快速学习。”
07:48
And, you know, that expression,
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你知道吗,这句话
07:49
that's exactly what it means to be an astronaut.
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正是做宇航员所需的。
07:52
I know how to do that.
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我知道怎么做。
07:53
I can learn on the job, I can learn quickly.
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我可以在工作中学习, 可以快速地学习。
07:55
And so I did dive into this job
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所以我便投入了这份工作,
07:58
and I did learn quickly while on the job.
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而我也确实能够一边工作, 一边快速地学习。
08:02
I can't say that I was the best person ever to hold that job,
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也许我不是这份工作的最佳人选,
08:06
but it was important to me to do my very best
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但是对我来说, 重要的是,我竭尽所能
08:09
and to be part of this new team.
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并且成为了这个新团队的一员。
08:11
Women are particularly prone to this where we think,
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女性尤其容易这样想:
08:13
"Oh, I haven't had training for that, I haven't had a job like that before.
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“哦,我没有接受过这方面的培训, 我从未做过这样的工作。
08:17
I can't do it."
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我做不来。”
08:18
But you can do it.
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但其实,你可以做好。
08:19
You take all of the skills that you've developed
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你利用你所掌握的所有技能,
08:22
and all of the other things that you're doing,
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还有你正在做的其他事情,
08:24
and you use those to support you while you're learning quickly while doing.
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让它们帮助你 一边实践,一边快速学习。
08:27
PM: Such good advice, Megan,
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帕:这个建议真是非常好,梅根,
08:29
I won't be learning by doing flying into space,
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我不会一边学,一边飞入太空,
08:32
but taking that knowledge that we can learn by doing
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但我们要知道 我们能一边实践,一边学习,
08:36
and we can be prepared, so important.
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我们能做好准备,这很重要。
08:39
How would you describe the changes in you personally
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能不能描述一下,离开地球
08:43
from being off this Earth?
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对你个人产生了什么样的变化?
08:46
MMA: But in the very beginning, when I first launched into space,
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梅:一开始, 当我刚刚进入太空时,
08:50
you're very busy, you know,
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会很忙,你知道,
08:51
on this spaceship that's just gone through a launch sequence
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在这艘刚刚经历了发射的飞船上,
08:54
and you have to turn your spaceship into an orbiting platform.
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你得把飞船变成一个轨道平台。
08:57
And so you're very busy.
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所以,你会非常忙。
08:58
So we have these books and we're heads down in the books
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我们埋头在我们的手册里,
09:01
and we're going through all the steps and moving switches
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我们要按照步骤,操作开关,
09:04
and loading computer programs.
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还要加载电脑程序。
09:05
And I only had a brief moment of time to kind of look out the window
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我只有很短的时间稍微看看窗外,
09:08
and say, yep, that's where the Earth is, that's exactly where it should be,
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我看了看,没错,地球在那里, 在它该在的地方,
09:12
and that's how it's looked in all of the pictures I've seen growing up.
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就像我从小在照片上看到的样子。
09:15
And I got right back to work.
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然后我就又回去工作了。
09:17
And so it wasn't until I had more of an opportunity
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我一直没有更多机会
09:20
to gaze out the window for a while
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好好盯着窗外看一看,
09:23
while I was operating the robotic arm that I could really observe the Earth.
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直到我在操作机械臂的时候, 我才能真正观察地球。
09:27
I remember so clearly the first time I saw a lightning storm
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我清楚地记得 我第一次看到闪电风暴,
09:31
across a huge expanse of the ocean
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它穿过一片广阔的海洋,
09:33
and the lightning, it appeared in different colors,
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那个闪电,它有不同的颜色,
09:36
and it lights up the inside of the clouds
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把整个云层里面都照亮,
09:39
and it makes this kind of, you know, dramatic pattern.
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形成了这种,你知道,夸张的图案。
09:41
It was like having your own laser light show laid out below you.
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那底下就像是你自己的激光秀。
09:45
And the realization struck me that this is not static.
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我突然意识到这一切不是静止的。
09:49
This is not a photo.
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这不是照片。
09:51
This is our Earth, it's a real living system.
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这是我们的地球, 它是一个真正的生态系统。
09:54
It's hard to describe how impossibly thin it looks to you
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很难描述这么看起来, 地球是多么脆弱,
09:59
with the vast blackness of space on one side
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一边是一片漆黑太空,
10:02
and our beautiful Earth on the other side
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另一边是我们美丽的地球,
10:04
and this just incredibly thin layer of atmosphere
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而这一层极其稀薄的大气层
10:06
that's all that's keeping us and all of us alive
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维持了我们、我们所有人的生命,
10:09
and every life form on Earth,
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还有地球上每一种生命形式,
10:11
that's all that's keeping us alive.
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我们全都靠着它存活。
10:12
And it's a very visceral reaction,
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所以会有一种发自肺腑的反应,
10:15
this very strong urge to want to protect
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这种强烈的愿望要去保护
10:19
the Spaceship Earth that we're all you know,
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我们的“地球”号宇宙飞船,你知道,
10:21
you and I are both crew members here,
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你我都是船上的组员,
10:23
and, you know, we've all got to work together
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你知道,我们要齐心协力,
10:26
to take care of this ship that we're moving on
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照顾这艘我们乘坐的船,
10:28
through the universe.
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在宇宙中航行。
10:29
So it was a very powerful response to seeing that.
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所以看到这一幕, 给我了一个非常强烈的震撼。
10:34
PM: Thank you for your work, Megan.
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帕:谢谢你的贡献,梅根。
10:35
And what do you say, "Safe flight?"
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你们怎么说,“一路顺风”?
10:38
Is there ...?
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有没有……?
10:40
MMA: We say Godspeed
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梅:我们会说一路平安,
10:41
or we say ad astra -- to the stars.
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或者我们说 ad astra —— 朝着星星前进。
10:43
PM: Ad astra, to the stars, Godspeed, Megan McArthur.
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帕:Ad astra,朝着星星前进, 一路平安,梅根·麦克阿瑟。
10:48
Thank you.
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谢谢你。
10:49
MMA: Thank you so much, Pat.
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梅:非常感谢你,帕特。
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