What happened when we tested thousands of abandoned rape kits in Detroit | Kym Worthy

翻译人员: jacks peng 校对人员: Tianji (Homer) Li

In 2009, in August, my office weathered two major scandals.

2009年8月，我的办公室经受了 两起大丑闻的考验。

The first was the arrest, trying and conviction

首先是底特律非常受欢迎的市长

and subsequent incarceration of Detroit's very popular mayor.

的逮捕、审判、定罪以及随后监禁。

The second caused the Detroit police department crime lab to be closed.

第二起事件则导致底特律警察局 的犯罪实验室关闭。

I thought nothing else could go wrong.

我想不会再出什么差错了。

And then the phone rang.

然后电话响了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It was the deputy chief of my special victim's unit,

是我的特别受害者小组副警长，

who was breathless on the other end of the line.

他在电话线的另一端上气不接下气。

He said, "Boss, you are never going to believe what I just saw."

他说：“老板，你无法相信 我刚看到了什么。”

I had a sinking feeling in the pit of my stomach,

我突然觉得心里一沉，

because I knew instinctively

因为我本能地知道

that Detroit was getting ready to suffer its third major scandal,

在只有一年多的时间里， 底特律就要准备遭受

in just over one year.

第三起大丑闻了，

He told me that he had just visited what he thought was an abandoned warehouse

他告诉我他刚检查了一个 他原认为是废弃的仓库，

where the Detroit police department was storing evidence.

底特律警察局曾用 这个仓库来存放证据。

Inside were 11,341 abandoned,

里面有11,341个废弃的，

untested rape kits.

未经检测的强奸证据包。

Some of them went back to the 1980s.

有些证据甚至可以追溯到1980年代。

And some of them now are over 40 years old.

有一些现在已经超过40年了。

These kits were spilling out of large, black garbage bags

这些证据包从又大 又黑的垃圾袋和

and empty oil drums.

空油桶中溢出。

Each kit represented a victim,

每个证据包都代表着一个受害者，

mostly a female,

其中绝大多数是女性，

that had suffered a violent sexual assault.

她们遭受了暴力性侵犯。

Each of them voluntarily endured an hours-long rape kit process,

每个人都自愿忍受长达一小时之久 的强奸证据包取证程序，

with the hopes that as a result of that they would find their perpetrator.

抱着能找到凶手的希望。

And unbeknownst to all of them, all 11,341,

她们不知道的是， 所有11,341个，

those kits were never tested.

那些证据包从没有被检测过。

I cannot even begin to describe -- oh!

我甚至没法描述——哦！

And by the way, before I move on,

在我继续之前，顺便说一句，

in the interim of those 40 years,

在这40年间，

those perpetrators were allowed to continue to offend with impunity.

这些罪犯被放任继续 犯罪而不受惩罚。

I cannot tell you or describe to you how outraged, mad and angry I was.

我无法告诉或向你们描述， 我是如何地愤怒，狂怒和生气。

I myself was a victim of sexual assault,

我自己也是性侵犯的受害者，

back many decades ago, when I was in law school.

当我还在法学院读书的几十年前。

I also am the mother of three girls, a 21-year-old and nine-year-old twins.

我也是三个女孩的母亲， 一个21岁和两个9岁的双胞胎。

I was even more horrified to learn -- if I could be more horrified --

我更震惊地发现—— 如果还能更震惊的话——

that the oldest of those kits --

那些证据包中时间最久的——

one of the oldest of those kits -- belonged to an eight-year-old girl.

其中一个时间最久的那些证据包—— 属于一个8岁的小女孩。

I'm going to tell you her story, but I'm going to call her Natasha.

我想跟你们讲述她的故事， 我打算称呼她为娜塔莎。

On January 2, 1990, Natasha was at home and a man knocked on her door.

在1990年1月2号，娜塔莎正在家， 一个男人敲了门。

This man was familiar with her neighborhood

这个男人熟悉她的社区，

and was familiar with the comings and goings of her family,

熟悉她家人的来来往往，

but Natasha did not know him.

但娜塔莎并不认识他。

He told her that her grandmother, the only mother that she had ever known,

他告诉她她的奶奶， 她知道的唯一祖母，

had been in a terrible accident

遭遇了一场糟糕的事故，

and was laying on a couch in his house, calling for her.

正躺在他家里的沙发里， 喊她过去。

Terrified that Natasha was going to lose her grandmother, she went with him.

担心失去奶奶的娜塔莎， 跟他出去了。

But of course, we all know her grandmother was not there.

但当然，我们都知道她奶奶不在那里。

Once he had isolated Natasha, who was eight years old,

一旦他隔离了娜塔莎，只有8岁的娜塔莎，

he began to rape her violently.

他开始暴力性侵她。

He raped her with his mouth, his fingers and his penis.

他用嘴，手指和阴茎强奸她。

And he even forced his penis into her mouth.

他甚至把阴茎强塞入她嘴里。

When he was done, he ordered Natasha to get dressed,

当他完事后，他命令 娜塔莎穿上衣服，

he got dressed himself,

他穿上自己的衣服，

and he put a blindfold across her head.

然后用眼罩蒙上她的头。

And walked her to a factory area on the edge of the neighborhood.

把她带到社区边缘的一个工厂区。

He asked her if she knew -- he removed the blindfold,

他问她是否知道——他移掉了眼罩，

and asked her if she knew how to get home from there.

问她是否知道怎么从那回家。

当她表示知道时， 他让她离开，然后走开了。

And when she indicated that she did, he let her go and he walked off.

Natasha's rape was reported immediately,

娜塔莎被强奸很快报了案，

and a rape kit was done.

一个强奸取证程序走完了。

Now, the rape kit process terrifies and traumatizes adult women.

目前，强奸证据包的取证过程 吓坏了成年女性，留下精神创伤。

Can you imagine what it was like for a little second-grader,

你能想象这对 一个二年级的小孩，

who still wore pigtails and still believed in Santa Claus,

还留着辫子，相信 有圣诞老人的小孩

going through this exam?

去经历这个取证检查 是什么样子吗？

Natasha's kit sat on the shelf in that abandoned warehouse

娜塔莎的证据包被丢在 那个废弃仓库的架子上

for 26 years.

长达26年。

Pamela, 19 years old --

帕梅拉，19岁大——

I'll call her Pamela, that's not her real name --

我叫她帕梅拉， 这不是她的真名——

nineteen years old, was walking down the street

19岁大，在街上走着，

after she had come from visiting her boyfriend.

刚从男朋友那出来，

She was grabbed from behind,

她被从后面抓住，

and she felt what she thought was a gun, in her side.

她感到自己身边是一把枪。

She was taken to an abandoned house,

她被带到一个废弃的房子里，

to a bedroom in that house, that was filled with trash.

带到那个房子的卧室， 里面堆满了垃圾。

Every time she tried to resist,

每次她试图反抗，

he would hit her about the face and the head.

他就打她的脸和头。

He violently raped her on the floor of that bedroom

他粗暴地在那个堆满垃圾的

that was filled with garbage.

卧室地板上强奸了她。

When he was done,

当他完事了，

he put on his clothes,

他穿上衣服，

he stole her money, and he just walked away.

拿走她的钱，扬长而去。

Pamela also reported her rape right away.

帕梅拉也立即报案 她遭到了强奸。

She also had a rape kit done.

她也做了强奸取证。

And like Natasha's, her kit sat on the shelf for 15 years.

然而跟娜塔莎一样，她的强奸证据包 也在架子上呆了15年。

Now, criminals, like people who raped Natasha and Pamela,

现在，犯罪分子，比如强奸了 娜塔莎和帕梅拉的人，

often leave their DNA at a crime scene.

通常会在犯罪现象留下他们的DNA。

But for a rape victim, their body is the crime scene.

但对于强奸案受害者， 她们的身体就是犯罪现场。

So many elect to go through this hours-long rape kit process

所以很多人选择这个长达几个小时 的强奸证据包的取证程序，

that requires every inch and orifice of a victim's body

这就需要对受害者的身体每一寸

to be combed, swabbed and photographed.

进行检查，采集和拍照。

All right after a violent sexual assault.

需要马上在暴力 性侵犯后进行。

The reason that most people do this, who have a rape kit,

大多数被强奸的人做这个取证，

is because they want the forensic scientists to study that rape kit.

是因为她们想让法医科学家 研究这个强奸证据包。

And hopefully come up with a genetic profile

希望能找到一个基因图谱

that will help identify their perpetrator.

来帮助识别施暴者。

Once forensic scientists come up with this genetic profile,

一旦法医得出这个基因图谱，

they enter it into CODIS, hopefully have a match.

他们就可以输入到CODIS， 希望可以找到匹配。

CODIS is filled with DNA profiles of people who are arrested

CODIS有那些被逮捕过 或因某些特定罪行

and/or convicted of certain prescribed offenses.

而被定罪的人的DNA档案。

If in fact a profile is made and entered into CODIS,

如果一个档案被录入了CODIS，

it can help identify a perpetrator in the matter of minutes.

就可以在几分钟内 帮助识别施暴者。

CODIS stands for Combined DNA Index System.

CODIS是DNA联合检索系统的缩写。

Now, how did we get here?

现在，我们是怎么到这一步的？

Detroit had no money.

底特律没有钱。

It cost, at that time that these kits were found,

当时，这些被发现的证据包，

up to 1,500 dollars per kit to have it tested.

检测一个证据包的费用 高达1500美元。

So, you do the math about how much that was going to cost.

所以，你可以算算数学 这个成本有多少。

In addition to that,

除了这个，

within four years of these kits being found in 2009,

在这些证据包2009年 被发现后的4年内，

Detroit would be the largest municipality in the history of the United States

底特律成为了美国历史上 宣告破产的

to declare bankruptcy.

最大城市。

We didn't know what we were going to do.

我们不知道我们能做什么。

But not only that.

但不仅如此，

随着我们开始研究和 调查这怎么可能发生，

As we began to study and investigate how this possibly could have happened,

we discovered there were other issues besides just financial ones.

我们发现除了经济之外的其他问题。

During the course of these decades where these kits sat in that warehouse,

在这些证据包呆在这个 仓库的几十年间，

we discovered there had been multiple changes of police leadership,

我们发现警察管理层 发生了多次变动，

with different priorities and different agendas.

有各种不同的优先级 和不同的议程。

There was woefully inadequate training for sex crimes officers

警局对性犯罪警察的培训

in the police department in general.

非常不足。

They were chronically understaffed,

他们长期人手不足，

and they had other resource issues.

而且他们还有其他资源问题。

And there was perpetual victim blaming

还有就是对受害者 无休无止的指责，

when these victims came to report their crimes.

当这些受害者来报案时。

That's the rape culture.

这就是强奸文化。

And because of this victim blaming

因为这种受害者指责

of someone that had been violently assaulted,

被暴力侵犯的受害者，

some of these victim were even ridiculed

其中一些受害者被嘲笑到

into not continuing to proceed with their case.

不再继续进行她们的案件。

The bottom line is, that 11,341 rape kits sat on that shelf.

底线是，那11,341个躺在 架子上的强奸证据包。

I wanted transparency.

我想要最直接的行动。

I asked myself: How in the world can we stop this from spreading?

我问自己：我们究竟如何 才能阻止这种事情蔓延。

I don't want to go through all this work and five, 10 years down the line,

我不想在接下来的5到10年 的时间里完成这些工作，

figure we have the same issue.

得出我们有同样的问题。

At that time, police officers had the sole discretion

当时，警察有全权裁量权

about whether and when and if

决定何时提交何人的

they were going to submit the rape kits for testing --

强奸证据包去检测——

any rape kit in their jurisdiction -- for testing.

他们管辖范围内的任何 强奸证据包——去检测。

That had to change.

这必须改变。

我们需要拿走警官的这种判断力，

We had to take that discretion away from police officers,

and pass state laws

通过严谨的法律

to ensure that every rape kit released by the victim to law enforcement

去确保每个受害者的 强奸证据包在法律下

is tested immediately.

立刻得到检测。

I also knew that there had to be some kind of system

我也知道需要有 某种程度的系统

to keep everybody honest and to keep everybody accountable, put in place,

去让每个人保持诚实， 让每个人都负起责任，要到位，

在任何时间，我们都要知道 这些犯罪证据包在哪。

where we knew where these rape kits were, at any given time.

The answer was simple.

这个答案很简单。

Think about all of the hundreds of thousands

想想那些成千上万

and perhaps millions of packages,

和可能上百万，

that are moved by a logistics company every day.

由物流公司每天在搬运的包裹。

They are scanned and tracked,

它们被扫描和被追踪，

and they know where they are, at every bend and turn,

从它们被放在仓库的那一刻起，

from the time that they're stored in the warehouse,

他们知道它们在哪个具体的角落，

until the time that that package arrives on the purchaser's front steps.

这种了解一直到包裹 到达购买者的前台阶。

Why couldn't we do that for rape kits?

为什么不对强奸证据包这样做？

I had no desire to reinvent the wheel.

我没有重新发明轮子的意愿。

So I contacted UPS.

所以我联系UPS。

UPS, within two weeks -- two weeks --

UPS，不到两周的时间——两周——

of our first meeting with UPS,

在我们与UPS的首次会议后，

they had come up with a major plan

他们拿出了一个主要的计划，

where they involved all the stakeholders --

涉及了所有的利益相关方，

the police officers, the prosecutors, the medical facilities,

警官，检方，医疗设施，

the forensic nurses, the hospitals,

法医护士，医院，

the lab personnel and the victim advocates,

实验室工作人员和 受害者辩护律师，

could know where the rape kits were at any given time.

在任何时间都能知道 强奸证据包在哪里。

They sent a team of experts out

他们派出了一个专家小组

and fanned the Detroit area, talked to all the stakeholders

在底特律地区展开了调查， 并与所有利益相关者进行了交谈，

and developed a plan,

并制定了一个计划，

and studied the life of a rape kit,

研究了强奸证据包 的生命周期，

from the time the rape kit was collected,

从强奸证据包被收集，

through to the time that it was tested in the lab

到在实验室被测试的时间，

and returned to the police personnel.

回到警察那里的时间等。

They also developed a web-based portal

他们也开发了一个网站门户，

that all the stakeholders could look into and see where any given rape kit was

所有的利益相关人 都可以看到任何时候

at any given time.

特定强奸证据包所在的位置。

UPS had the technology,

UPS有这个技术，

UPS knew how to use that technology to solve our problem,

UPS知道如何使用这个技术 解决我们的问题，

and we didn't.

我们没有。

We launched -- we, we --

我们启动——我们，我们——

UPS and the prosecutor's office --

UPS和检察官办公室——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

launched this pilot program in Detroit.

在底特律启动了这个试点项目。

And we started this process on January 28, 2015,

我们在2015年1月28号 开始这个项目，

through to May 25 of 2016.

知道2016年5月25号。

And during that period of time --

在那段时间中——

remember, we're not dealing with the ones we found,

记住，我们不打算 处理我们发现的，

因为它们已经被储存了，

because they'd already been stored --

我们处理了在2015年 1月28号后进来的新证据包。

we're dealing with any new kit that came in as of January 28, 2015.

And we knew where that rape kit was.

我们知道证据包在哪里。

For the 16 months of this project, we didn't lose a single rape kit.

在这个项目的16个月内， 我们没遗失任何一个强奸证据包。

Not a single one.

一个都没有。

We knew where they all were.

我们知道它们在哪。

（鼓掌）

(Applause)

This project went on until the state of Michigan,

这个项目一直持续 到密歇根州的，

the elected officials in state government,

州政府的民选官员，

took notice of everything that UPS was doing.

注意到UPS所做的事情。

And everything that my office was doing.

和我们办公室在做的事情。

And they decided that they were going to use state funds

他们决定他们 要使用州资金

to develop a state-wide tracking system.

去开发全州范围内 的跟踪系统。

Not in just Detroit, but state-wide tracking system.

不仅是在底特律，而是 整个州的跟踪系统。

Hopefully, that system will be up and running soon.

希望这个系统能够 尽快上线运行。

But I loved working with UPS.

我喜欢与UPS一道工作。

I loved their innovation, I loved how fast they worked,

我喜欢他们的创新， 我喜欢他们工作的高效，

I loved their unorthodox approach to ideas to solve an everyday, common problem,

我喜欢他们用非传统的方法来 解决日常生活中常见的问题，

whose solution should be simple.

他们的解决方案应该简单。

So, after working with them

所以在与他们一道工作后，

I knew that even with one company,

我知道，即便与一家公司，

working on one issue,

在一个问题上工作，

the progress that could be made.

进展也是可以取得的。

We've been at this now for nine years.

离现在已经有9年了。

And it was nine years ago

在9年前

that we rescued those rape kits from the warehouse.

我们从仓库中拯救了 这批强奸证据包。

That warehouse has since been torn down.

那个仓库自那后就被拆除了。

But all of the kits have either been tested,

但所有这些工具包要不被检测完了，

or are in the final stages of being tested.

要不就在检测的最后阶段。

We still have a lot of work to do

我们仍然有很多工作要做，

in terms of investigation and prosecution of those cases,

在调查和起诉这些案件方面，

but our rape kit issue, in terms of testing, is done.

但我们的强奸证据包问题， 检测问题，已经解决了。

As of June 28, 2018,

2018年6月28号，

our CODIS hits have showed us and identified 2,600 suspects.

我们的CODIS命中展示了2600位嫌疑犯。

We have identified 861 serial rapists.

我们确认了861名连续强奸犯。

Just within this project.

仅是通过这个项目。

That means 861 potential defendants

这意味着861位潜在被告

that have raped within the project two or more times.

仅在这个项目中识别的强奸次数 就多达两次或者更多。

And 50 to 75 of them have raped 10 to 15 times a piece.

其中50-75个人强奸了10-15次。

In one city, in one state.

在一个城市，一个州。

Also, the CODIS results that we have

我们有的CODIS结果还显示了

have tentacles to crime scenes,

犯罪现场的触角，

have linkages in 40 states in the United States.

涵盖了美国的40个州。

Forty of the 50 states have tentacles to our crime testing of these rape kits.

50个州中有40个跟我们这些 强奸证据包检测结果有联系。

From Alaska to Florida

从阿拉斯加到佛罗里达

and from Maine to the most southern parts of California.

从缅因州到加利福尼亚最南部。

A sea to shining sea, string of CODIS hits.

从大西洋到太平洋， 一连串CODIS命中。

Natasha is now 36 years old.

娜塔莎现在已经36岁了。

When she heard about the work that we were doing with the rape kits,

当她听说我们对这些 强奸证据包做的工作后，

she contacted my office, the Wayne County prosecutor's office.

她联系我的办公室， 韦恩县检察官办公室。

Her kit was eventually tested.

她的证据包最终被检测。

And it had identified Paul Warwick.

它锁定了保罗·沃里克。

In the interim, Paul Warwick had raped two more women.

在此期间，保罗·沃里克 又强奸了两名女性。

One in the state of Colorado.

其中一个在科罗拉多州。

Paul Warwick is now serving a sentence in the Michigan Department of Corrections,

保罗·沃里克现在正在 密歇根惩教署服刑，

in prison, of 15 to 40 years.

在监狱服刑，15-40年。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Pamela's kit was also tested.

帕梅拉的证据包也被检测了。

And her kit led to the identification -- her CODIS hit on her kit --

她的证据包锁定了身份—— 她的CODIS命中了她的证据包——

led to the identification of Bernard Peterson.

让伯纳德·彼得森被锁定。

In the interim, Bernard Peterson raped 10 more women.

在此期间，伯纳德·彼得森 强奸了10个以上的女性。

Each of those women had a rape kit done.

每个女性都做了强奸证据包。

And each of those women's rape kits sat on that shelf next to Pamela's.

每一个这些女性的强奸证据包 就躺在帕梅拉的旁边。

For a varying number of years.

长达好多年。

Bernard Peterson is now serving a sentence

伯纳德·彼得森现在在

in the Michigan Department of Corrections,

密歇根惩教署服刑，

concurrently -- that means at the same time --

同时——同时的意思是——

of 60 to 90 years, and 90 years to 125 years,

从服刑60-90年提到90-125年，

for the rapes that he committed.

因为他犯下的强奸案。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

We still have a lot of work to be done.

我们仍有很多工作要做。

And we desperately need the help of the private sector.

我们非常需要私人部门的帮助。

We need the help of the tech industry.

我们需要科技行业的帮助。

To help us develop -- not help us, we want them to develop --

来帮助我们开发——不是帮助我们， 我们想要他们开发——

information management systems,

信息管理系统，

so we can all talk to each other

这样我们就可以跟每个人交谈，

and stop these perpetrators

去阻止这些犯罪者

from raping and maiming and killing with impunity.

不受惩罚地强奸、 残害和杀人。

We also need help from those of you

我们也需要你们这些有

with marketing and advertisement backgrounds.

营销和广告背景的人的帮助。

We need you, desperately we need you,

我们需要你们， 非常需要你们，

to develop campaigns for our children and other people to listen to,

为我们的孩子和其他人 来制定营销活动，

so we can stop the culture, change the culture of rape victims

这样我们就能够阻止文化， 改变因可能发生在

being too afraid to come forward because of what may happen to them.

她们身上的事情而不敢 站出来的强奸犯罪文化。

UPS was one company, as I said.

UPS是这家公司，像我说的。

They helped us with their innovation,

他们用他们的创新帮助我们，

and they revolutionized the way that we can track rape kits.

他们革命性地改造了我们 追踪强奸证据包的方法。

Every single aspect of our lives is tracked.

我们生活的每一方面都被追踪。

Every like, every mood,

每个点赞，每个心情，

shopping history, browsing history, reading history,

购物历史，浏览历史，阅读历史，

our entire web history is tracked these days.

现在我们整个网页 历史都会被追踪。

What if we could track the activities and the comings and goings

如果我们能追踪犯罪分子的活动

of criminals who commit crimes?

和行为会发生什么呢？

Just like people track every aspect of our lives.

就像人们追踪我们生活的方方面面一样。

In 2015, the Obama White House

2015年，白宫奥巴马

and the US Department of Justice

和美国司法部给出的

put the number of untested, abandoned rape kits at 400,000,

全国未经检测、 被遗弃的强奸证据包数量

across this country.

是40万套。

Four hundred thousand.

40万套。

That's a national pandemic.

这是全国性的流行病。

We know where a lot of those kits are.

我们知道这些证据包都在哪里。

Our testing showed

我们的检测显示

that women were raped waiting in their cars, waiting for friends,

女性被强奸的地点发生在 车上等人时，等朋友时，

on their way to work, on their way from work,

上班途中，下班途中，

at gas stations, at shopping malls.

加油站，购物中心。

And even one of the first cases that we did

当这些强奸证据包开始检测时，

when these rape kits were starting to be tested,

我们做的第一个案件甚至是

was a man who came into the window

一个男人从窗户进来

and got into the bed and raped a woman who was in bed with her two children.

来到床上，强奸了正带着 两个小孩睡觉的女性。

He raped her while he was in bed with her two children.

他在两个小孩还在床上的 时候强奸了她。

Every time I look at a rape victim that comes into my office,

每次我看着强奸受害者 来到我的办公室，

because their case is being called

因为她们的案子正在审理

or they're being interviewed by the prosecutor,

或者她们正在接受检察官的问询，

她们是在为案件做准备，

they are being prepped for case,

I look into their eyes and I think to myself,

我看着她们的眼睛，心想，

they didn't have to be one of the ones that was raped.

她们本不应该成为被强奸的人。

They didn't have to be one of those victims.

她们不应该是这些受害者之一。

如果这些强奸证据包及时被检测， 也许她们就不会成为受害者。

And maybe they would not have been, if these rape kits had been tested timely.

How many more Pamelas are in this world?

这个世界上还有多少帕梅拉？

How many more Natashas are in this world?

这个世界上还有多少娜塔莎？

We may never know.

我们可能永远不会知道。

But what I do know is that you have the technology,

但我知道的是你们有这个技术，

you know how to use it

你们知道如何使用它，

and you can help us solve the problem of rape kits being stockpiled.

并且你们可以帮助我们解决这些 堆积如山的强奸证据包。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌，站立）