How to Disagree with Respect — Not Hate | Spencer J. Cox | TED

翻译人员: Tianyun Liu 校对人员: Lening Xu

In 1967,

1967 年，

Ronald Reagan became the governor of the State of California.

罗纳德·里根成为加州州长。

In his inaugural address,

在就职演说中，

he talked about the peaceful transfer of power,

他谈到了权力的和平交接，

something he described as “the simple magic

他将其描述为 来自 平凡的日常的简单魔力，

of the commonplace routine,

which makes it a near miracle to many of the world’s inhabitants.”

这对大多数人来说，几乎是一个奇迹。

He then went on to utter an iconic phrase that would be repeated by politicians

随后，他说出了一个标志性的短语，

被政客们在未来几十年中反复引用。

for decades to come.

"Freedom is a fragile thing," he said,

他说：“自由是脆弱，

"And it's never more than one generation away from extinction."

它距离灭绝从来不会超过一代人。”

Now like countless others, I have used that quote many times,

现在，像无数人一样， 我已经多次使用了这句话，

but I have a confession to make.

但我要坦白。

I never really believed it.

我从来没有真正相信过。

Surely, after 250 years of this stuff,

当然，自由存在了 250 年之后，

we no longer have to worry about losing it.

我们再也不用担心它会消散。

I'm not pleased to report that I actually believe it now.

我并不情愿向各位报告 说我现在真的相信了。

The first cracks in my confidence

我信心的第一次破裂发生在

came during one of those commonplace routines of transferring power

犹他州副州长移交权力的一次例行程中。

as Lieutenant Governor of the State of Utah.

It was my duty to certify the votes of the electors

我有责任对总统选举的选票 进行认证。

for the presidential election.

While the meeting to do so was open to the public,

虽然会议对公众开放，

it was so commonplace and routine that no one ever showed up.

但由于惯例和常规， 从未有人出席。

As I walked into the room,

当我走进房间时，

I was stunned to see dozens of angry protesters

我震惊地看到数十名愤怒的抗议者

screaming that the election had been stolen

高喊着选举被窃取了，

and demanding that we violate state law

并要求我们违反州法律

and change the votes of the electors.

改变选举人的投票结果。

Now I know what you’re all thinking,

我知道你们都在想什么，

and you're probably wrong.

你可能想错了。

This was not 2020.

这不是 2020 年。

This was 2016,

是 2016 年，

and the protesters were Hillary Clinton supporters.

抗议者是希拉里·克林顿的支持者。

Now it got far worse

四年后，现在情况 不知为什么变得更糟了。

somehow, four years later.

With the election less than two months away,

距离选举还有不到两个月的时间，

a friend and I were talking and lamenting

我和一位朋友正在谈论和哀叹

about the state of our our country

我们国家的状况，

following a summer of destructive protests

极左翼和极右翼人士 夏季的破坏性抗议活动，

by the extreme left and an extreme right

that was already undermining the validity of an election

已经破坏了甚至还 没有举行的选举的有效性。

that hadn't even happened yet.

"Isn't there something you can do," she asked.

她问：“你能做些什么吗。”

Well, that question haunted me all weekend,

好吧，这个问题整个周末都困扰着我，

so I picked up the phone and called my opponent.

所以我拿起电话给对方打了电话。

By the way, I was running for governor at the same time

顺便说一句， 在特朗普和拜登争夺总统职位的同时，

that Trump and Biden were battling for the presidency.

我正在竞选州长。

I called my opponent,

我打电话给我的对手，

a Democrat named Chris Peterson, whom I respected,

一个叫克里斯·彼得森的民主党人， 我很尊敬他，

and I said, "Hey, Chris, this is Spencer Cox.

然后我说：“嘿，克里斯， 我是斯宾塞·考克斯。

I have a crazy idea.

我有一个疯狂的主意。

What if we filmed a campaign ad together?"

我们一起拍竞选广告怎么办？”

I could almost hear the confused look forming on his face.

我几乎能听出他脸上困惑的表情。

To his credit, he agreed,

值得称赞的是，他同意了，

and one week later, we were in a studio together.

一周后， 我们一起录制。

Let's watch.

让我们来看看。

(Video) I'm Chris Peterson.

我是克里斯·彼得森。

And I'm Spencer Cox.

而且我是斯宾塞·考克斯。

CP: We are currently in the final days of campaigning against each other

CP：我们目前正处于竞选 下一任州长的最后几天。

to be your next governor.

SC: And while I think you should vote for me --

SC：虽然我认为你应该投票给我——

CP: Yeah, but really, you should vote for me.

CP：实际上，你应该投票给我。

SC: There are some things we both agree on.

SC：我们一致同意。

CP: We can debate issues without degrading each other's character.

CP：我们可以在不贬低对方性格的 情况下辩论问题。

SC: We can disagree without hating each other.

SC：我们可以在 不憎恨对方的情况下意见相左。

CP: And win or lose, in Utah, we work together.

CP：无论输赢， 在犹他，我们共同努力。

SC: So let's show the country that there's a better way.

SC：让我们向全国人民展示更好的方法。

CP: My name is Chris Peterson.

CP：我叫克里斯·彼得森。

SC: And I'm Spencer Cox.

SC：我是斯宾塞·考克斯。

(Together) And we approve this message.

（齐声）我们赞同这一消息。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Well, the response was instantaneous and overwhelming.

嗯，回应是即时的，压倒性的。

The ad went viral.

这则广告风靡一时。

Neither of us saw it coming.

我们俩都没想到。

There were media requests from all over the world,

来自世界各地的采访请求，

millions of views and shares.

数百万的浏览量和分享量。

Perhaps there really is an exhausted majority,

我自己心想，

也许大多数人确实精疲力尽，

I remember thinking to myself,

and maybe this is the message they want to hear.

也许这就是他们想听到的信息。

I could actually feel my faith in the American idea start to rekindle.

我真的能感觉到我对 美国理念的信心开始重燃。

The popularity of the ad validated my hope

这则广告的受欢迎程度 证实了我的希望，

that most people really do want their political leaders

即大多数人确实希望 他们的政治领导人

to uphold the values that we teach our kids.

维护我们教给孩子的价值观。

That we can disagree without hate and contempt,

我们可以不带仇恨和蔑视地 持有不同意见，

even that we can find ways to treat each other with respect

即使我们有分歧，我们也可以 找到尊重彼此的方法。

even when we disagree.

It seemed like there was a hunger

看来人们 渴望建筑师而不是纵火犯。

for architects instead of arsonists.

My hunch was confirmed one year later,

一年后，我的直觉得到了证实，

一位教授将我们广告的一个版本

when a professor submitted a version of our ad

to the Stanford Polarization and Social Change Lab

提交给斯坦福 两极分化与社会变革实验室

as part of a huge depolarization experiment.

作为一个大型去极化实验的一部分。

It was chosen as one of 25 interventions

它被选为对 30,000 多人

to be tested on over 30,000 people.

进行测试的 25 种干预措施之一。

The result?

结果？

Our ad actually had a measurable depolarization effect,

我们的广告实际上产生了 可衡量的去极化效应，

including a reduction in urges towards violence.

包括减少了对暴力的冲动。

It turns out there really are things that we can do

事实证明， 我们确实可以采取一些措施

to alter the trajectory of the United States.

来改变美国的发展轨迹。

Now look, I get it.

看，我明白了。

It's easy to feel a little hopeless

人们很容易感到绝望，

as Americans once again barrel towards an election

当选举活动再次朝着 不满意的候选人和竞选活动迈进。

with unsatisfying candidates and campaigns.

But there is good news.

但有个好消息。

Over the past six months,

在过去的六个月中，

20 governors from all across the country

来自全国各地的 20 位州长拍摄

have filmed similar ads,

了类似的广告，

most of them with a public servant from the opposing party.

其中大多数是反对党的公务员。

And the data continues to show that people really are hungry

而且数据继续表明， 人们确实渴望不同的东西。

for something different.

According to polling from More in Common,

根据More in Common的民意调查，

70 percent of Americans

70％ 的美国人

hate the divisiveness in politics.

讨厌政治分裂。

And it also turns out that ...

事实证明，

Americans aren't as far apart as we think we are.

美国人的距离并不 像我们想象的那么疏远。

The problem isn't how far apart the average Republican

问题不在于普通共和党人

and the average Democrat is on the actual issues.

和普通民主党人 在实际问题 上相距多远。

In fact, we're not much different than other Western democracies.

实际上，我们与其他西方民主国家 没太大区别。

The problem is how far apart we think we are.

问题在于我们认为我们相距多远。

Due in large part to conflict entrepreneurs

这在很大程度上是由于 媒体和政治领域的冲突企业家，

in both the media and politics,

both sides overestimate the extremism on the other side

双方都高估了对方 约 30％ 的极端主义。

by about 30 percent.

Now interestingly,

有趣的是，

this perception gap is actually strongest

这种认知差距实际上在

amongst progressive activists on the left

左翼的进步活动家

and amongst extreme conservatives on the right.

和右翼的极端保守派中最为明显。

So the people most engaged in the political process

所以，参与政治最积极的人

also have the most inaccurate views of the other side.

对另一方的看法也最不准确。

But perhaps the best news of all

但是，也许最好的消息

is that there are very practical things

其实我们每个人每天都可以做 一些非常实际的事情

that every one of us can do every day

to help heal the divides in our nations and our neighborhoods.

来帮助弥合我们国家和社区的分歧。

First, we can start by turning off and tuning out

首先，我们可以从关闭和忽略

some of those conflict entrepreneurs.

一些制造冲突的商人来开始。

My wife and I,

我和我的妻子,

we stopped watching cable news 11 years ago

我们在 11 年前停止观看有线新闻

and immediately saw an improvement in our marriage, our family,

我们的婚姻、家庭和心理健康 立刻得到了改善。

and our mental health.

(Laughter and applause)

（笑声和掌声）

Now that always elicits a laugh, but we’re not alone.

这总能让人开怀大笑， 但我们并不是唯一这样做的。

Studies have found that more time spent on the latest headlines,

研究发现，无论是通过社交媒体 还是传统媒体，

whether through social media or traditional media outlets,

花费更多时间关注最新头条新闻，

is really bad for our mental health.

对我们的心理健康都非常不利。

Psychologists refer to this phenomenon in different ways,

心理学家用不同的方式来描述这种现象，

like media saturation overload

如媒体过载、

or doomscrolling or headline anxiety.

末日滚动或头条焦虑。

You see, more news, on all the time, isn’t making us smarter,

你看，更多的新闻， 并不能使我们变得更聪明，

it's just stressing us out.

反而是在给我们带来压力。

Second, we can spend more time, preferably offline,

其次，我们可以花更多的时间， 最好是离线时间，

with real people who are different than us.

与和我们不同的真实的人待在一起。

In the words of Bryan Stevenson, proximity will empower you.

用布莱恩·史蒂文森的话说， 亲近将赋予你权力。

You see, it's just harder to hate up close.

你看，近距离讨厌更难。

"Tell me more about why you feel that way" is a magical request.

“告诉我你为什么会有这种感觉” 是一个神奇的问题。

Twenty years ago,

二十年前，

we rarely identified each other by our political identities first.

我们很少通过政治身份认同对方。

As for me, I'm a father.

至于我，我是父亲。

I'm an NBA fan.

我是 NBA 球迷。

I'm a terrible aspiring bassist in a band.

我是乐队里一个非常有抱负的贝斯手。

I'm a Utahn.

我是犹他人。

I'm an American.

我是美国人。

How about you?

你呢？

You see, if we look beyond our political tribes,

你看，如果我们把目光 投向政治部落之外，

we can actually find shared identities and friendships

我们实际上可以找到团结 而不是分裂的共同身份和友谊。

that unite instead of divide.

Now third, we can serve others.

第三，我们可以为他人服务。

Service and volunteering help build up communities

服务和志愿服务有助于建立社区，

and improve our outlook on life and the people around us.

改善我们的人生观和周围的人。

Some forms of regular volunteering

某些形式的定期志愿服务

have even been associated with lower blood pressure.

甚至能降低血压。

There is nothing better for the soul or society than giving back.

对灵魂或社会来说， 没有什么比回馈更好的了。

Aristotle really was on to something

亚里士多德确实抓住了某些东西，

when he described and summed up the essence of life as:

他描述并总结生命的本质为：

“Serve others

“为他人服务，做好事”。

and do good.”

Fourth, and finally,

第四，也是最后一点，

we can work to develop the classical political virtues

我们可以努力培养

of humility, patience and moderation,

谦卑、耐心和温和等经典政治美德，

without which, as John Adams explained,

正如约翰·亚当斯所解释的那样， 没有这些美德，

we all become ravenous beasts of prey.

我们都会成为贪婪的猛兽。

Now look, I know it’s almost laughable

你看，我知道在政治话语中谈论

to talk about words like humility in political discourse,

谦卑之类的词语几乎是可笑的，

but I truly believe that it is the only way for us

但我真的相信， 这是我们记住如何在

to remember how to disagree without hate and contempt.

没有仇恨和蔑视的情况下 持不同立场的唯一途径。

In the words of Judge Learned Hand, who so eloquently stated,

用勒尼德·汉德法官的话来说， 他雄辩地说：

“The true spirit of liberty is the spirit which is not too sure it is right.

“真正的自由精神是 不太确定自己是否正确的精神。

The spirit of liberty is the spirit which seeks to understand

自由精神是寻求理解

the minds of other men and women.”

其他男人和女人思想的精神。”

And I started with a quote from Ronald Reagan.

我首先引用了罗纳德·里根的一句话。

He went on to say that freedom is not ours by way of inheritance.

他接着说， 自由不是我们的继承权。

It must be fought for and defended constantly by each generation,

每一代人都必须 不断地为之奋斗和捍卫它，

for it comes only once to a people

因为对于一个民族来说，

and those in history who have known freedom

它只有一次， 历史上那些知道自由

and then lost it

然后又失去自由的人

have never known it again.

再也不会知道自由了。

Ladies and gentlemen,

女士们、先生们，

it is our solemn duty in our generation

我们这一代人的庄严职责是

to once again secure the freedoms

再次确保从顶层赋予 所有人的自由。

endowed to all of us from on high.

We cannot wait for politicians or the media to do it.

我们不能等到政客或媒体这样做。

It will take real work,

这将需要我们每个人切实参与 和辛勤工作。

hard work by each of us.

But we must remember how to disagree without hate.

但是我们必须记住 如何在没有仇恨的情况下反对。

We must rise up

我们必须挺身而出，

and meet that radical call to love our enemies --

响应这种激进的呼吁， 即便是爱我们的敌人，

even, especially,

尤其是

our political opponents.

我们的政治对手。

It's ...

这是...

It's not an ...

这不是……

It's not an easy answer, but it is a simple one.

这不是一个容易的答案， 但它也是一个简单的答案。

If we really want to change the world,

如果我们真的想改变世界

we have to start by changing our own hearts.

我们必须从改变自己的心开始。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）