How to Alter the Perception of Mental Health Care in Russia | Olga Kitaina | TED

翻译人员: Fiona Ma 校对人员: Lexi Ding

For the past five years,

过去五年里，我在俄罗斯 做心理咨询师的工作.

I've been working as a psychologist in Russia,

a country where mental health is stigmatized

俄罗斯是一个将精神疾病污名化的国家， 人们也因此害怕寻求专业的帮助。

and people are often afraid to seek professional help.

Right now, people in Ukraine are fighting for their lives.

当下乌克兰公民正在经历战争。

What is happening is devastating and traumatic,

正在发生的事情是毁灭性和创伤性的，

and everyone, including both Russians and Ukrainians,

每个俄罗斯公民和乌克兰公民，

will need mental health support, but on different levels.

都会需要不同程度的心理健康辅导。

No matter where in the world I'll be working from,

不管在世界的哪个地方工作， 我都致力于帮助他人。

I'm committed to helping people.

Psychotherapy for me,

精神治疗对于我来说，

has and will always be a force of understanding,

一直是一种关于理解， 变化和和平的力量。

change and peace.

And now it is needed more than ever.

现在我们比任何时候 都更需要这种力量。

Unfortunately, there is a lot of resistance to psychotherapy in Russia.

不幸的是，精神疗法在俄罗斯 碰到了很多阻碍。

First, for historical reasons.

首先是历史方面的原因。

During the Soviet Union,

在苏联时期，精神治疗 经常被用作当政治工具，

psychiatry was often used as a political tool,

and this is just a small part of the state attitudes toward people

这只是国家对待人民的态度的一小部分， 它给社会带来了深刻的创伤。

that deeply traumatized the society.

Since then,

从那起，俄罗斯对精神治疗体系 进行了重大改革，

Russia has seen major reforms in the psychiatric system,

and there are a growing number of good specialists in the mental health industry.

并且心理健康领域优秀的专家日渐增加。

Yet problems remain.

但问题仍然存在。

As in many countries where mental health has been stigmatized,

就像在很多国家， 心理健康依然被污名化，

proper regulations for practicing psychologists

俄罗斯从未制定过 专门的心理学家执业法规，

have never been developed in Russia.

There are no licensing procedures

不存在任何执照规程或者 任何法律条例保护咨询者的权益。

or any laws protecting clients from incompetence and fraud.

There are a lot of scammers,

这其中有很多的骗局，

people who simply took a three-month course,

只接受了三个月培训的人、

tarot card readers or astrologers

塔罗师以及占星家， 都可以说自己是专业的心理学家。

who say they're professional psychologists.

As a result,

这导致很多人不知该如何根据自身情况 去选择一位能够帮助自己的心理医生，

a lot of people don't know how to choose a professional

who fits their profile

or are even victimized by such unprofessional help.

甚至有人因不专业的帮助而受到伤害。

In the absence of regulation and interest by the state,

在国家监管缺失情况下，

I saw an opportunity.

我发现了一个机会。

With my team, we created a platform

我和我的团队创建了一个平台， 可以评估心理学家，

with an assessment system for psychologists

and the means to get people connected to the therapists they need,

并为人们提供了获取可靠、 适配的咨询服务的渠道。

therapists they can trust.

Through this assessment system,

通过这个评估系统，

we help people overcome the risk of being harmed by professional help

我们帮助人们规避受害风险，

or falling into despair,

免于陷入绝望或失去好转的希望。

of giving up hope they will ever feel better.

We have based our assessment on a hypothesis backed up with research,

我们的评估系统基于 有研究成果支持的假设，

saying that there are common factors

也就是一些常见的影响 精神治疗生效的原因，

that significantly contribute to psychotherapy effectiveness.

This includes a variety of ways

包括多种心理医生和咨询者

in which a therapist and the client

create a special bond of trust and partnership.

建立信任和伙伴关系的方法。

Unfortunately, in most psychotherapy training programs in Russia,

不幸的是，在俄罗斯的 大部分精神治疗培训课程中，

not much attention is paid to those common factors.

并没有人关心这些常见的原因。

The bottom line,

持有好的学位证书这个门槛远远不够。

having a good diploma is not enough.

Our psychologists undergo a test and a case study interview,

我们的心理学家要接受测试和 个案研究面谈，包括伦理问题，

including ethics questions,

because the client's safety is the priority.

因为咨询者的安全是我们优先考虑的。

The sad truth is that only around 15 percent of applicants

很遗憾，只有约 15% 的申请者 通过了我们的选择性评估筛选。

pass our selective assessment screening.

After this assessment,

通过评估后，下面要做的就是 为咨询者匹配合适的心理医生。

it is important to match a client with the right specialist.

With our current matching algorithm,

通过现有的匹配算法， 我们已经帮助了 35,000 多人

we've already helped more than 35,000 people

receive safe psychotherapy.

获取安全的精神治疗。

We also offer pro-bono sessions

我们也同时提供无偿的 心理咨询和免费的教育材料

and free educational materials

to support those who can't afford therapy.

来帮助那些负担不起咨询费用的人。

And I believe the number of people in need of mental health support

并且我认为需要心理健康辅导的人数

will increase due to the PTSD,

会因创伤后遗症、

chronic stress,

精神压力、过去两年的疫情影响、

trauma of two years of the pandemic

and all the global events we are experiencing.

以及我们实时经历的全球事件而提升。

And this is the beginning

但这仅是一个开头，

of a bigger mental health catastrophe we all need to face.

一个我们都即将面临巨大的 心理健康灾难的开头。

We're trying our best,

我们在拼尽全力，

even though we work in a tough environment

即使面临艰苦的工作环境、

with the strong stigma

被强烈污名化、

and the cultural memory of psychiatry as an instrument of oppression.

承担着精神治疗曾是 剥削工具的历史枷锁。

Our goal is to minimize the risk of people giving up on therapy

我们的目标是降低咨询者 放弃心理咨询的风险，

because it's dangerous.

因为那样很危险。

On an individual level,

对个人而言，

it means a barrier for well-being, and unfolding potential.

这样会使人无法获得幸福、 潜力得不到激发。

For the world,

对整个世界来说，

it means a loss in productivity and economy.

这意味着生产力降低和经济损失。

Just depression and anxiety disorder

仅抑郁症和焦虑症

cause the global economy an estimated one trillion dollars each year

造成的生产力降低，

就能导致全球经济 每年约流失一万亿美金。

in lost productivity.

But I believe that the most important costs

但是我认为最大的代价，

are the decrease in the quality of connections between people.

是人际关系质量的流失、

The loss of self awareness.

自我意识的流失、

An increase in hatred and violence.

仇恨以及暴力事件的增加。

Psychotherapy is not only about one individual finding help

精神治疗并不只是一个人寻求帮助，

for their individual issues.

来解决他们个人的问题。

When one of us is wounded, all of us share in that wound.

当一个人受伤时， 我们全都分担着这份伤。

Psychotherapy is a way to move forward from the burden of the past

精神治疗帮助人们走出过去的苦难，

and trauma of the present

走出现在的创伤，

by breaking cycles of hurt,

打破痛楚的恶循环，

by embracing the path of healing and self-knowledge.

拥抱治愈过程和自我认知。

Because by knowing ourselves and seeking healing from our pain and trauma,

因为通过认识自我和走出痛苦与创伤，

we also become better human beings in our interconnected world,

我们也在这个互联的世界里， 变成更好的人类，

bringing a real hope for peace.

带来真正的和平希望。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）