A Safe Pathway to Resettlement for Migrants and Refugees | Becca Heller | TED

Prevodilac: Brana Vladisavljevic Lektor: Milenka Okuka

It's an incredible honor to be here.

Neverovatna je čast biti ovde.

And I've met so many wonderful people so far this week.

I do sada sam upoznala toliko divnih ljudi ove nedelje.

And one of the things that I've been thinking about

A jedna od stvari o kojima sam razmišljala

is how, at the end of this week,

je kako će, na kraju ove nedelje,

most of us are going to pack up our bags

većina nas spakovati kofere

and go home.

i otići kući.

Going home is a luxury that's not available to everyone.

Odlazak kući je luksuz koji nije dostupan svima.

I think top of mind for a lot of people right now is the situation in Ukraine.

Mislim da je mnogima trenutno u mislima pre svega situacija u Ukrajini.

Over four million people forced to flee not just their country,

Preko četiri miliona ljudi je primorano da beži, ne samo iz svoje zemlje,

but their home in six weeks.

već i iz svog doma za šest nedelja.

And that's just one of the major human migration events happening right now.

A to je samo jedna od velikih migracija ljudi koje se upravo dešavaju.

They may no longer be making headlines,

Možda oni više nisu u glavnim vestima,

but people are still trying to flee Syria,

ali ljudi i dalje pokušavaju da pobegnu iz Sirije,

Afghanistan, Eritrea, and the list goes on.

Avganistana, Eritreje, i ta lista se nastavlja.

People are forced to flee their homes for any number of reasons.

Ljudi su primorani da napuste svoje domove iz čitavog niza razloga.

War, yes, of course, but also gender-based violence,

Rat, da, naravno, ali i rodno zasnovano nasilje,

politically sanctioned persecution,

politički sankcionisan progon

and more and more due to climate change,

i sve više zbog klimatskih promena,

which estimates say could displace 150 million people in the coming years.

za koje procene kažu da bi mogle da rasele 150 miliona ljudi u narednim godinama.

So if human migration is both inevitable and growing,

Dakle, ako je ljudska migracija i neizbežna i u porastu,

what are we, as a global community, doing to address it?

šta mi, kao globalna zajednica, radimo da bi na to odgovorili?

Typically,

Obično,

people attempting to seek safety in a country not their own

ljudi koji pokušavaju da traže sigurnost u stranoj zemlji

are forced to languish in dangerous situations for decades,

prinuđeni su da decenijama čame u opasnim situacijama,

attempting to navigate the suffocating bureaucracy

pokušavajući da se snađu u birokratiji koja guši,

used by different countries to determine who gets to be resettled and where.

a koju razne zemlje koriste da odrede ko i gde treba da bude raseljen.

The United Nations is involved,

Uključene su Ujedinjene nacije,

and every country has its own immigration laws and restrictions.

a svaka država ima svoje imigracione zakone i ograničenja.

And there are multiple interviews required

I potrebni su brojni intervjui

and onerous documentation requests.

i tegobni zahtevi za dokumentacijom.

Not to mention the difficulty of shepherding your entire family

Da i ne govorimo o teškoći da vodite celu svoju porodicu

through this process

kroz ovaj proces

when you’ve been separated, traumatized

kada ste razdvojeni, traumatizovani

and have few resources at your disposal.

i imate vrlo malo resursa na raspolaganju.

But here's the good news.

Ali evo dobrih vesti.

It doesn't have to be this way.

Ne mora biti ovako.

Because the same thing that is holding people back

Jer ista stvar koja sputava ljude

can be used to help move them forward to safe refuge:

može pomoći da se oni premeste do sigurnog utočišta:

the rule of law.

vladavina prava.

The key is to get legal knowledge into the hands of those who need it most

Ključno je staviti pravno znanje u ruke onih kojima je to najpotrebnije

and give them a chance to use the law

i dati im šansu da koriste zakon

to open pathways to safety for themselves and their families.

da otvore puteve ka bezbednosti za sebe i svoje porodice.

Although there's an entire industry built around humanitarian aid

Iako je čitava industrija izgrađena oko humanitarne pomoći

and response to various crises,

i odgovaranja na razne krize,

that aid typically does not include legal services.

ta pomoć obično ne uključuje pravne usluge.

Many people hire a smuggler to take them across a sea or a desert

Mnogi ljudi unajme krijumčara da ih odvede preko mora ili pustinje

because they don't even know that they qualify for a legal pathway.

jer ni ne znaju da ispunjavaju uslove za zakoniti put.

Others may know that they qualify

Neki možda znaju da ih ispunjavaju,

but may not know how to navigate the interviews and the paperwork.

ali možda ne znaju da se snađu u intervjuima i papirologiji.

That's why so many people end up stuck in camps for decades.

Zato toliko ljudi na kraju zaglavi u logorima decenijama.

They're in legal limbo.

Oni su u pravnom limbu.

In this scenario,

U ovom scenariju,

access to legal information and legal services

pristup pravnim informacijama i pravnim uslugama

is just as crucial as access to food, clothing and shelter.

je jednako ključan kao i pristup hrani, odeći i skloništu.

And that's where we at the International Refugee Assistance Project, or IRAP,

I tu mi iz Međunarodnog projekta za pomoć izbeglicama, ili MPPI-a,

come in.

nastupamo.

First, IRAP utilizes technology through a digital platform

Prvo, MPPI koristi tehnologiju preko digitalne platforme

to make these laws and processes more accessible.

da učini ove zakone i procese dostupnijim.

We give refugees access to timely, accurate

Mi izbeglicama dajemo pristup blagovremenim, tačnim

and culturally relevant information about their legal rights and options.

i kulturološki relevantnim informacijama o njihovim zakonskim pravima i opcijama.

IRAP also provides direct legal services both on the ground and remotely

MPPI takođe pruža direktne pravne usluge, kako na terenu tako i na daljinu,

in partnership with a trained network

u partnerstvu sa obučenom mrežom

of front line refugee-serving organizations, pro-bono attorneys

organizacija koje su na prvoj liniji u službi izbeglica, pro bono advokata

and other trusted legal advocates.

i drugih pravnih zastupnika od poverenja.

And finally, as we walk side by side with our clients,

I, konačno, dok idemo rame uz rame sa našim klijentima,

through every step of these processes,

kroz svaki korak ovih procesa,

we're able to identify systemic issues that we can use the law to address

možemo identifikovati sistemske probleme na koje možemo odgovoriti zakonom

and ultimately change for the better.

i na kraju ih promeniti nabolje.

It's these individual cases that illuminate opportunities

Upravo ti pojedinačni slučajevi osvetljavaju mogućnosti

for broader systemic reform.

za širu reformu sistema.

Let me give you a case example so you can see what I mean.

Dozvolite mi da dam primer slučaja da shvatite na šta mislim.

Aaron and Miriam.

Aron i Mirjam.

Not their real names.

To nisu njihova prava imena.

We had to change them for safety reasons,

Morali smo ih promeniti zbog bezbednosti,

and you'll see why in a second.

a za koji tren ćete videti zašto.

Aaron and Miriam are brother and sister.

Aron i Mirjam su brat i sestra.

They were separated from their mother when they were all forced to flee

Odvojeni su od majke kada su svi bili primorani da beže

from their home in Eritrea when they were children.

iz njihove kuće u Eritreji kada su bili deca.

The kids ended up in a refugee camp in Sudan,

Deca su završila u izbegličkom kampu u Sudanu,

and their mother ended up in Germany.

a majka im je završila u Nemačkoj.

And in today's dysfunctional system of refugee resettlement,

U današnjem disfunkcionalnom sistemu preseljenja izbeglica

this type of family separation happens all the time.

stalno dolazi do takve vrste razdvajanja porodica.

And typically what would happen

I ono što bi se obično desilo

is either that the kids spend decades stuck in the camp

je da deca provedu decenije zaglavljena u logoru

or that their mother would be forced to hire a smuggler

ili da im majka bude prinuđena da unajmi krijumčara

to take them on a dangerous journey across the Mediterranean

da ih povede na opasno putovanje preko Sredozemnog mora

just so she could be with them again.

samo da bi mogla ponovo da bude sa njima.

These are both terrible options.

Obe ove opcije su užasne.

But luckily for Aaron and Miriam,

Ali srećom po Arona i Mirjam,

some of the staff in the camp have been trained by IRAP

deo osoblja u logoru obučen je od strane MPPI-a

to identify cases eligible for family reunification,

da identifikuje slučajeve koji ispunjavaju uslove za spajanje porodice,

which is one type of resettlement pathway.

što je jedan vid puta za preseljenje.

So we filed the application to Germany.

I tako smo podneli zahtev Nemačkoj.

So far so good.

Dotle je sve u redu.

Until the German government denied the application

Dok nemačka vlada nije odbila prijavu

because Aaron and Miriam didn't have passports,

jer Aron i Mirjam nisu imali pasoše,

which they couldn't get

koje nisu mogli da dobiju

because the Eritrean government considered them to be traitors for fleeing.

jer ih eritrejska vlada smatra izdajnicima zbog bekstva.

So approaching the embassy to get passports

Dakle, obraćanje ambasadi da dobiju pasoše

would have put their lives in even more danger.

bi dovelo njihove živote u još veću opasnost.

IRAP flagged this as a wrongful, systemic barrier,

MPPI je ovo označio kao nepravednu sistemsku barijeru,

fought the case in German court on the family's behalf and won.

vodio slučaj na nemačkom sudu u ime porodice i pobedio.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And I am so happy to tell you

I tako sam srećna što vam mogu reći

that Aaron and Miriam were reunited with their mother in Germany

da su se Aron i Mirjam ponovo spojili sa majkom u Nemačkoj

in June of 2021.

u junu 2021. godine.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

This is a joyful story of family reunification

Ovo je radosna priča o spajanju porodice

that legal advocacy made possible.

koju je pravno zastupanje omogućilo.

But there's something else at play here that I really want you to see.

Ali ovde je u igri nešto drugo što zaista želim da vidite.

And it involves one of my favorite words in the English language:

To uključuje jednu od mojih omiljenih reči na engleskom jeziku:

precedent.

presedan.

Yes, I am a legal nerd.

Da, ja sam pravnica štreberka.

This is my favorite word, precedent.

To je moja omiljena reč, presedan.

By bringing the case in court,

Iznošenjem ovog slučaja pred sud,

IRAP began to establish a precedent to ease the passport requirement,

MPPI je počeo da uspostavlja presedan da se olakša uslov za pasoš,

not just for Aaron and Miriam,

ne samo za Arona i Mirjam,

but for thousands of other refugee children in similar situations.

već za hiljade druge dece izbeglica u sličnim situacijama.

When legal service providers walk side by side with our clients

Kada pružaoci pravnih usluga idu rame uz rame sa našim klijentima

through every step of these immigration processes,

kroz svaki korak tih imigracionih procesa,

we're able to identify the obstacles that are preventing people

u stanju smo da identifikujemo prepreke koje sprečavaju ljude

from reaching safety.

da dođu do bezbednosti.

Do that often enough,

Ako radite to dovoljno često,

and you start to see patterns in the obstacles.

počinjete da vidite obrasce u preprekama.

And when we find a pattern,

A kada pronađemo obrazac,

we can advocate to change the underlying law

možemo da zagovaramo promenu osnovnog zakona

that's creating the obstacle in the first place.

koji je i stvorio prepreku na prvom mestu.

It's the patterns that allow us to open pathways

Upravo nam obrasci dozvoljavaju da otvorimo puteve

to resettlement at scale.

za preseljenje u velikom obimu.

This was all put to the test in Afghanistan.

Sve je ovo stavljeno na probu u Avganistanu.

For the past 20 years,

Tokom poslednjih 20 godina,

thousands of Afghans have worked in essential and lifesaving jobs

hiljade Avganistanaca je radilo ključne poslove koji spasavaju živote

on behalf of the US government.

u ime vlade SAD-a.

They've been interpreters,

Bili su usmeni prevodioci,

truck drivers and computer scientists.

vozači kamiona i programeri.

And because of their US affiliation,

I zbog njihove veze sa SAD-om,

the Taliban has spent those same 20 years

talibani su proveli tih istih 20 godina

trying to track them down and kill them.

pokušavajući da im uđu u trag i ubiju ih.

So all the way back in 2009, Congress,

Dakle, još 2009. godine, Kongres je,

in response to this very real threat,

kao odgovor na ovu veoma stvarnu pretnju,

created a special visa program for Afghan allies of the United States.

napravio poseban vizni program za avganistanske saveznike SAD-a.

The purpose of the visa was to provide those whose lives were in imminent danger

Svrha te vize je bila da obezbedi onima čiji su životi bili neposredno ugroženi

with quick resettlement to the US.

brzo preseljenje u SAD.

But at IRAP,

Ali u MPPI-u,

we knew that this program was broken.

znali smo da taj program ne valja.

We knew this because we were helping more than 1,000 Afghans

To smo znali jer smo pomagali više od 1 000 Avganistanaca

try to navigate this visa process,

da se snađu u tom viznom procesu,

and we began to see a pattern.

i počeli smo da vidimo obrazac.

It was taking on average more than four years

Trebalo je u proseku više od četiri godine

for the US government to issue these "urgent" visas.

da američka vlada izda ove „hitne“ vize.

Which meant that our allies and their families

Što znači da su naši saveznici sa porodicama

were at risk of Taliban assassination

rizikovali da ih talibani ubiju

because the US couldn't stamp their passports quickly enough.

jer SAD nisu mogle dovoljno brzo da ispečate njihove pasoše.

So in response,

Dakle, kao odgovor,

we gathered our knowledge from all of these cases,

prikupili smo svoje znanje iz svih ovih slučajeva,

filed a class action lawsuit,

podneli kolektivnu tužbu,

and in 2020, we won.

i 2020. godine, pobedili smo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

A court ordered the US government to process these backlog applications

Sud je naredio američkoj vladi da obradi ove zaostale prijave

in a timely fashion,

blagovremeno,

treating our clients' cases with the urgency

i da tretira slučajeve naših klijenata sa hitnošću

that the situation warranted.

koju je situacija nalagala.

Now, as you all well know,

Sada, kao što svi dobro znate,

the US withdrawal from Afghanistan has created a whole new level of chaos.

povlačenje SAD-a iz Avganistana stvorilo je potpuno novi nivo haosa.

But our model has allowed us to continue utilizing technology

Ali naš model nam je dozvolio da nastavimo da koristimo tehnologiju

to get crucial llegal information into the hands of our allies

da ključne zakonske informacije stavimo u ruke naših saveznika

who have not yet been able to flee.

koji još nisu uspeli da pobegnu.

We're still in court and in the halls of Congress,

Još smo na sudu i u salama Kongresa,

demanding their urgent evacuation and protection.

zahtevajući njihovu hitnu evakuaciju i zaštitu.

And we're going to keep looking for obstacles to take down

I nastavićemo da tražimo prepreke koje treba ukloniti

and using the law to empower refugees,

i da upotrebom prava osnažujemo izbeglice,

just like we always have,

kao što smo uvek radili

because that is the best way to get these folks to long-lasting safety.

jer je to najbolji način da ovi ljudi dobiju dugotrajnu sigurnost.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

The last thing I'll say is this.

Poslednje što ću reći je ovo.

When faced with the reality that human movement is in fact inevitable,

Kada se suoče sa stvarnošću da je ljudsko kretanje zapravo neizbežno,

countries have two choices.

države imaju dva izbora.

They can build walls and prisons

Mogu da izgrade zidove i zatvore

and separate children from their parents,

i da razdvoje decu od njihovih roditelja,

or they can create fair and transparent legal systems

ili mogu da naprave fer i transparentne pravne sisteme

that facilitate safe

koji olakšavaju bezbednu

and organized migration and resettlement.

i organizovanu migraciju i preseljenje.

Functional rights-based legal systems help everybody.

Funkcionalni pravni sistemi zasnovani na pravima pomažu svima.

But unfortunately,

Ali, nažalost,

there are those who find it more advantageous to demonize migrants

ima onih za koje je probitačnije da demonizuju migrante

and politicize refugee crises

i politizuju izbegličke krize

than to make serious plans to address global migration in a safe,

nego da prave ozbiljne planove za rešavanje globalne migracije na bezbedan,

orderly and dignified way.

uređen i dostojanstven način.

Through this work,

Kroz ovaj rad,

I have met so many people who embody the traits that we praise

upoznala sam toliko ljudi koji oličavaju osobine koje hvalimo

in entrepreneurs and thought leaders.

kod preduzetnika i vodećih mislilaca.

It takes tenacity, creativity and bravery

Treba upornosti, kreativnosti i hrabrosti

to get yourself and your family to a new country

da sebe i svoju porodicu odvedete u novu zemlju

to begin your life over again.

i počnete svoj život iznova.

In my opinion, countries should be competing for refugees.

Po mom mišljenju, zemlje bi trebalo da se takmiče za izbeglice.

But at the very least,

Međutim, u najmanju ruku,

everyone should have a safe place to call home

svako treba da ima bezbedno mesto koje može da zove domom

and a safe way to get there.

i bezbedan način da tamo stigne.

I wish all of you a safe journey home.

Želim vam svima bezbedan put kući.

And thank you.

I hvala vam.

(Applause and cheers)

(Aplauz i ovacije)