A Safe Pathway to Resettlement for Migrants and Refugees | Becca Heller | TED

譯者: 凱壬 施 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

It's an incredible honor to be here.

站在這裡是個超讚的榮耀啊。

And I've met so many wonderful people so far this week.

而到這禮拜為止我遇見了許多美妙的人們。

And one of the things that I've been thinking about

然後有一件事我一直在思考，

is how, at the end of this week,

也就是在這個禮拜結束前

most of us are going to pack up our bags

要如何讓大多數的我們打包行李

and go home.

並回家。

Going home is a luxury that's not available to everyone.

回家是十分奢侈的

且對某些人而言是無法達成的。

I think top of mind for a lot of people right now is the situation in Ukraine.

我想大部分人現在第一個想到的是烏克蘭現在的情形。

超過400萬人被迫離開的不只是他們的家園，

Over four million people forced to flee not just their country,

but their home in six weeks.

和自己的家

長達六個星期。

And that's just one of the major human migration events happening right now.

但那只是正在發生的主要人類遷移事件的其中之一.

他們可能沒再出現在頭條裡，

They may no longer be making headlines,

but people are still trying to flee Syria,

但人們依舊在逃離敘利亞，

Afghanistan, Eritrea, and the list goes on.

阿富汗、厄利垂亞和其他不勝枚舉的例子。

People are forced to flee their homes for any number of reasons.

人們因為許多理由而被迫離開自己的家。

War, yes, of course, but also gender-based violence,

戰爭，沒錯，當然， 但還有基於性別的暴力，

politically sanctioned persecution,

政治迫害

and more and more due to climate change,

和更多更多的原因像是氣候變遷，

which estimates say could displace 150 million people in the coming years.

其被預測說將在未來幾年使150萬人無家可歸。

So if human migration is both inevitable and growing,

所以如果人類遷徙是不可避免和持續成長的，

what are we, as a global community, doing to address it?

那我們，身為全球社區裡的一員，要怎麼解決它。

Typically,

通常，

people attempting to seek safety in a country not their own

嘗試在不屬於他們國家尋求安全的人們

are forced to languish in dangerous situations for decades,

會注定在危險的環境下憔悴數十年，

attempting to navigate the suffocating bureaucracy

試著去駕馭令人窒息的官僚體系

used by different countries to determine who gets to be resettled and where.

被不同國家用來決定誰要被重新安置、和在哪被安置。

The United Nations is involved,

聯合國也參與其中，

and every country has its own immigration laws and restrictions.

且每個國家有自己的移民法條和限制。

And there are multiple interviews required

其中包含許多的面試

and onerous documentation requests.

和單調的文件申請。

Not to mention the difficulty of shepherding your entire family

更何況要引導全家

through this process

經過此程序是很困難的。

when you’ve been separated, traumatized

而且那時你們已經分隔兩地，受到創傷

and have few resources at your disposal.

且只有少數你能運用的資源。

But here's the good news.

但是也有一些好消息。

It doesn't have to be this way.

其實可以不用像剛剛講述的那樣。

Because the same thing that is holding people back

因為同樣阻止別人移民的東西

can be used to help move them forward to safe refuge:

能夠被用來 將他們轉移到安全的避難所：

the rule of law.

法律的規則。

The key is to get legal knowledge into the hands of those who need it most

其關鍵在於要把法律的知識送進那些最需要的人

and give them a chance to use the law

且給他們機會去使用這些法律

to open pathways to safety for themselves and their families.

去開拓一條安全的道路給他們和他們的家人

Although there's an entire industry built around humanitarian aid

雖然那裡有一整個已建立的產業在給予人道救援

and response to various crises,

和對各種危險的措施，

that aid typically does not include legal services.

那些救援通常不包含合法機構

Many people hire a smuggler to take them across a sea or a desert

許多人雇用走私犯來帶他們穿越海洋和沙漠

because they don't even know that they qualify for a legal pathway.

他們甚至不知道 他們有資格獲得法律途徑。

Others may know that they qualify

某些人可能知道他們有資格

but may not know how to navigate the interviews and the paperwork.

但並不知道能夠申請面試和處理文書工作的地方。

That's why so many people end up stuck in camps for decades.

這就是為什麼這麼多人最終被困在營地數十年。

They're in legal limbo.

他們處於法律邊緣。

In this scenario,

在這種情況下，

access to legal information and legal services

合法資訊及服務的管道

is just as crucial as access to food, clothing and shelter.

與獲得食物、衣服和住所一樣重要。

And that's where we at the International Refugee Assistance Project, or IRAP,

這是我們能在國際難民援助計畫， 或 IRAP,

come in.

能找到的。

First, IRAP utilizes technology through a digital platform

首先，IRAP善用了電子平台的科技

to make these laws and processes more accessible.

來使這些法律程序更加的好取得。

We give refugees access to timely, accurate

我們讓難民進入要及時、準確

and culturally relevant information about their legal rights and options.

和給予有關其合法權利和選擇 的文化相關訊息。

IRAP also provides direct legal services both on the ground and remotely

IRAP 還提供實地和遠程的直接法律服務

in partnership with a trained network

與訓練有素的網絡合作

of front line refugee-serving organizations, pro-bono attorneys

像是在前線服務難民的機構、無償律師

and other trusted legal advocates.

和其他信賴的合法自願者。

And finally, as we walk side by side with our clients,

最終，當我們與客戶們肩並肩的

through every step of these processes,

走過這個流程的每一個步驟，

we're able to identify systemic issues that we can use the law to address

我們能夠去證實某些 能透過法律處理的系統性問題

and ultimately change for the better.

並於最後把它改變成更好的。

It's these individual cases that illuminate opportunities

正是這些個別案例為更廣泛的系統性改革

for broader systemic reform.

提供了機會。

Let me give you a case example so you can see what I mean.

讓我給你一些例子來讓你知道我在比表達什麼。

Aaron and Miriam.

Aaron 和 Miriam.

Not their real names.

這些不是他們的真實姓名。

We had to change them for safety reasons,

我們因為安全上的理由所以必須要改變他們，

and you'll see why in a second.

很快你就會知道為什麼了。

Aaron and Miriam are brother and sister.

Aaron 和 Miriam 是兄妹。

They were separated from their mother when they were all forced to flee

當他們還是孩子的時候，他們都被迫離開

from their home in Eritrea when they were children.

厄立特里亞的家，於是他們與母親分離了。

The kids ended up in a refugee camp in Sudan,

小孩們最後落在了蘇丹的難民營，

and their mother ended up in Germany.

但他們的媽媽到了德國的。

And in today's dysfunctional system of refugee resettlement,

在今日功能失調的難民安置處理系統，

this type of family separation happens all the time.

像這樣家人被迫分離的情形不斷再發生。

And typically what would happen

通常接下來會發生的，

is either that the kids spend decades stuck in the camp

不是那些小孩會卡在營地裡數十年

or that their mother would be forced to hire a smuggler

就是他們的媽媽必需聘請走私者幫忙

to take them on a dangerous journey across the Mediterranean

並帶他們踏上穿越地中海的危險旅程

just so she could be with them again.

只是為了再次相聚。

These are both terrible options.

這兩個都是糟糕的選項。

But luckily for Aaron and Miriam,

但幸運的是，Aaron 和 Miriam

some of the staff in the camp have been trained by IRAP

的營隊裡有一些工作人有被IRAP訓練過

to identify cases eligible for family reunification,

來確定符合家庭團聚條件的案件，

which is one type of resettlement pathway.

這也是一種安置的途徑。

So we filed the application to Germany.

所以我們向德國提交了申請。

So far so good.

到目前為止還算挺好的。

Until the German government denied the application

直到德國政府否決了這項申請

because Aaron and Miriam didn't have passports,

因為Aaron和Miriam沒有護照

which they couldn't get

而這些是他們無法獲得的。

because the Eritrean government considered them to be traitors for fleeing.

因為厄利垂亞政府認為他們逃亡 是叛徒者的行為。

So approaching the embassy to get passports

所以去大使館辦護照

would have put their lives in even more danger.

會讓他們更加的危險。

IRAP flagged this as a wrongful, systemic barrier,

IRAP將此標記為錯誤的系統性障礙，

fought the case in German court on the family's behalf and won.

後來我們在德國法院 代表這個家庭打官司並獲勝。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

And I am so happy to tell you

我很開心的告訴你

that Aaron and Miriam were reunited with their mother in Germany

Aaron和Miriam在德國和媽媽重新團聚了

in June of 2021.

於2021年7月時。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

This is a joyful story of family reunification

這是個家人重聚的愉悅故事

that legal advocacy made possible.

且此代表法律辯護是有用的。

But there's something else at play here that I really want you to see.

但這裡還有別的東西在起作用 我真的想讓你看到。

And it involves one of my favorite words in the English language:

且它涉及我最喜歡的英文詞語之一：

precedent.

先例，

Yes, I am a legal nerd.

是的，我是一個法律書呆子。

This is my favorite word, precedent.

這是我最喜歡的字,先例。

By bringing the case in court,

藉由把案例帶到法院裡，

IRAP began to establish a precedent to ease the passport requirement,

IRAP 開始開創先例來放寬護照要求，

not just for Aaron and Miriam,

不只是給予 Aaron 和 Miriam，

but for thousands of other refugee children in similar situations.

而是給予有類似處境的數千個難民小孩

When legal service providers walk side by side with our clients

當立法機構的提供者與他們的客戶並肩

through every step of these immigration processes,

走過移民程序的每個步驟,

we're able to identify the obstacles that are preventing people

我們有能力去找到阻擋人們

from reaching safety.

尋求安全的阻礙。

Do that often enough,

通常做這須就夠了，

and you start to see patterns in the obstacles.

然後你開始看到障礙物中的模式。

And when we find a pattern,

當我們找到一種新的模式，

we can advocate to change the underlying law

我們可以倡導改變最初

that's creating the obstacle in the first place.

造成障礙的基本法律。

It's the patterns that allow us to open pathways

這個模式允許我們打開

to resettlement at scale.

大型安置的途徑。

This was all put to the test in Afghanistan.

這一切都在阿富汗經受了考驗。

For the past 20 years,

在過去20年裡

thousands of Afghans have worked in essential and lifesaving jobs

數千個阿富汗人有代表美國政府

on behalf of the US government.

做不可或缺、拯救生命的工作。

They've been interpreters,

他們是口譯員

truck drivers and computer scientists.

卡車司機和計算機科學家。

And because of their US affiliation,

由於他們對美國隸屬關係，

the Taliban has spent those same 20 years

塔利班花了同樣的20年

trying to track them down and kill them.

努力的去追蹤並殺掉他們。

So all the way back in 2009, Congress,

所以一路回到了2009的國會，

in response to this very real threat,

為了應對這種非常真實的威脅，

created a special visa program for Afghan allies of the United States.

為美國的阿富汗盟友創建了 一個特殊簽證計劃。

The purpose of the visa was to provide those whose lives were in imminent danger

簽證的目的是為那些命在旦夕的人提供

with quick resettlement to the US.

快速重新安置在美國的機會。

But at IRAP,

但在IRAP，

we knew that this program was broken.

我們知道這項計畫已經被破壞了。

We knew this because we were helping more than 1,000 Afghans

我們知道這一點，因為我們正在幫助 1,000 多名阿富汗人

try to navigate this visa process,

度過此簽證流程，

and we began to see a pattern.

然後我們開始看到一個模式。

It was taking on average more than four years

平均需要四年多的時間

for the US government to issue these "urgent" visas.

來讓美國政府頒發“緊急”簽證。

Which meant that our allies and their families

這意味著那些盟友和其家人們，

were at risk of Taliban assassination

在塔利班暗殺的風險下

because the US couldn't stamp their passports quickly enough.

因為美國不能夠快地 給他們的護照蓋章。

So in response,

所以作為回應，

we gathered our knowledge from all of these cases,

我們從所有的案例中收集了知識，

filed a class action lawsuit,

來提起集體訴訟，

and in 2020, we won.

在2020年，我們獲勝了。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

A court ordered the US government to process these backlog applications

法院命令美國政府及時處理

in a timely fashion,

這些積壓的申請,

treating our clients' cases with the urgency

處理我們客戶的案件情形

that the situation warranted.

所需要的緊迫性。

Now, as you all well know,

現在，眾所皆知的，

the US withdrawal from Afghanistan has created a whole new level of chaos.

美軍撤出阿富汗已經造成了新程度的混亂。

But our model has allowed us to continue utilizing technology

但我們的模式允許我們繼續善用科技

to get crucial llegal information into the hands of our allies

來將重要、和法律相關資訊傳達給

who have not yet been able to flee.

還來不及逃離的盟友們。

We're still in court and in the halls of Congress,

我們還在法院和國會大廳，

demanding their urgent evacuation and protection.

要求他們要給予緊急的保護和撤離。

And we're going to keep looking for obstacles to take down

我們會去尋找並解決障礙

and using the law to empower refugees,

且運用法律來給予難民權利，

just like we always have,

就像我們一直做的那樣，

because that is the best way to get these folks to long-lasting safety.

這是讓這些人獲得長期安全的最佳方式。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

The last thing I'll say is this.

最後我想講的是這個。

When faced with the reality that human movement is in fact inevitable,

在面對人類遷移

這個在實際上是不可避免的現實時，

countries have two choices.

國家有兩種選擇。

They can build walls and prisons

他們可以建造牆和監獄

and separate children from their parents,

並把小孩和他的父母分開，

or they can create fair and transparent legal systems

或者是創造公平、透明的法制

that facilitate safe

來促進安全的

and organized migration and resettlement.

和有組織的遷移和安置。

Functional rights-based legal systems help everybody.

實用、以權利為基礎的法律體制會幫助所有人。

But unfortunately,

但不幸的是，

there are those who find it more advantageous to demonize migrants

有些人認為妖魔化移民

and politicize refugee crises

和將難民議題政治化

than to make serious plans to address global migration in a safe,

比起製定嚴肅的計劃，以安全、有序和有尊嚴

orderly and dignified way.

的方式解決全球移民問題還要有利。

Through this work,

透過這個工作，

I have met so many people who embody the traits that we praise

我遇到了很多體現了我們在

in entrepreneurs and thought leaders.

企業家和思想領袖身上所讚美的特質。

It takes tenacity, creativity and bravery

這需要不屈不撓、創造力、勇氣

to get yourself and your family to a new country

來帶領你和你的家人到一個新國家

to begin your life over again.

再一次的開展新人生。

In my opinion, countries should be competing for refugees.

在我看來，國家應該要爭奪難民。

But at the very least,

但至少，

everyone should have a safe place to call home

每個人都應該要有一個稱為家的安全場所

and a safe way to get there.

和一個安全的方式到達那裡。

I wish all of you a safe journey home.

祝大家回家時一路平安。

And thank you.

且謝謝你們。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼）