Severine Autesserre: To solve mass violence, look to locals

48,264 views ・ 2015-01-27

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: hansom Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I want to speak about a forgotten conflict.
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였늘 μ œκ°€ μ–˜κΈ°ν•  μ£Όμ œλŠ” μžŠν˜€μ§„ λΆ„μŸ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
It's a conflict that rarely hits the headlines.
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μžŠν˜€μ§„ λΆ„μŸμ΄λž€ 신문기사에 거의 λ‚˜μ˜€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
It happens right here, in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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이 일은 μ§€κΈˆ λ°”λ‘œ 콩고 λ―Όμ£Ό κ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ 살지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 콩고 μ „μŸμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 잘 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Now, most people outside of Africa don't know much about the war in Congo,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•œ 사싀 λͺ‡κ°€μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
so let me give you a couple of key facts.
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00:32
The Congolese conflict is the deadliest conflict since World War II.
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콩고 내전은 세계2μ°¨ λŒ€μ „ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ κ°€μž₯ μž”μΈν•œ μ „μŸμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
It has caused almost four million deaths.
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이 μ „μŸμ€ 400만 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ μ•—μ•„κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
It has destabilized most of Central Africa for the past 18 years.
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이 μ „μŸμ€ μ§€λ‚œ 18λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 아프리카 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ λΆˆμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
It is the largest ongoing humanitarian crisis in the world.
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이 μ „μŸμ€ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μΈλ„μ£Όμ˜μ  μœ„κΈ° 쀑 κ°€μž₯ 큰 μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
That's why I first went to Congo in 2001.
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이것이 2001년도에 μ œκ°€ 콩고에 κ°„ 첫번째 μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
I was a young humanitarian aid worker, and I met this woman who was my age.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ•Œ μ–΄λ¦° ꡭ제 κ΅¬ν˜Έκ°€μ˜€κ³  제 λ‚˜μ΄ 또래 여성뢄을 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
She was called Isabelle.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ΄μ‚¬λ²¨μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Local militias had attacked Isabelle's village.
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ν˜„μ§€ λ―Όλ³‘λŒ€κ°€ μ΄μ‚¬λ²¨μ˜ λ§ˆμ„μ„ κ³΅κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
They had killed many men, raped many women.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ λ‚¨μžλ₯Ό 죽이고, μ—¬μžλ“€μ„ κ°•κ°„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
They had looted everything.
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λͺ¨λ“  것을 λΉΌμ•—μ•„ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
And then they wanted to take Isabelle,
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그듀은 이사벨을 데리고 κ°€λ €κ³  ν–ˆλŠ”λ° κ·Έ λ•Œ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ‚¨νŽΈμ΄ λ“€μ–΄μ™€μ„œ,
01:13
but her husband stepped in,
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01:15
and he said, "No, please don't take Isabelle.
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λ§ν•˜κΈΈ "μ•ˆλΌμš”, 제발 이사벨은 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
Take me instead."
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차라리 μ €λ₯Ό λ°λ €κ°€μ„Έμš”." ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
So he had gone to the forest with the militias,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” λ―Όλ³‘λŒ€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 숲으둜 μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œκ³  ,
01:24
and Isabelle had never seen him again.
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이사벨은 κ·Έλ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ³Ό 수 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Well, it's because of people like Isabelle and her husband
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 이사벨과 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ‚¨νŽΈ 같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
01:32
that I have devoted my career to studying this war
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μ œκ°€ 우리의 관심 밖에 μžˆλŠ” μ „μŸ,
01:35
that we know so little about.
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제 κ²½λ ₯을 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ „μŸμ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 데 μŒ“λŠ” μ΄μœ κ°€ λ˜κ² μ§€μš”.
01:38
Although there is one story about Congo that you may have heard.
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 콩고에 λŒ€ν•΄ 많이 듀어봀을 μ–˜κΈ°κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
It's a story about minerals and rape.
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그것은 λ°”λ‘œ κ΄‘λ¬Όκ³Ό κ°•κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Policy statements and media reports
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μ •μ±… λ°œν‘œμ™€ λ§€μŠ€μ»΄λ“€μ˜ λ°œν‘œλŠ”
01:49
both usually focus on a primary cause of violence in Congo --
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μ½©κ³ μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 폭λ ₯의 κ°€μž₯ 근본적인 원인을
01:54
the illegal exploitation and trafficking of natural resources --
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λΆ€λ‹Ήν•œ μ°©μ·¨ 그리고 μ²œμ—°μžμ›μ˜ λ°€κ±°λž˜μ΄λ©°
01:59
and on a main consequence --
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그것에 λŒ€ν•œ μ£Όμš” 결과둜
02:02
sexual abuse of women and girls as a weapon of war.
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μ „μŸ 무기둜써 μ—¬μžμ™€ μ—¬μžμ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°€ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 성폭λ ₯ 으둜 보고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
So, not that these two issues aren't important and tragic. They are.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, μ§€κΈˆ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 두가지 μ΄μŠˆλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ„ 비극적이도 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
But today I want to tell you a different story.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άκ΅°μš”.
02:17
I want to tell you a story that emphasizes a core cause
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κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” λΆ„μŸμ˜ 핡심 이유λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
of the ongoing conflict.
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02:24
Violence in Congo is in large part driven by local bottom-up conflicts
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콩고의 폭λ ₯은 λŒ€κ°œ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λΆ„μŸμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
that international peace efforts have failed to help address.
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이것은 ꡭ제 평화λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯이 이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
The story starts from the fact that not only is Congo notable
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이 사싀은 단지 콩고만의 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
02:42
for being the world's worst ongoing humanitarian crisis,
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€ μΈλ„μ£Όμ˜μ  μœ„κΈ°λ“€,
02:46
but it is also home to some of the largest
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 뢀뢄을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ”
02:50
international peacebuilding efforts in the world.
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ꡭ제 평화 기ꡬ의 λ…Έλ ₯에 κ΄€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Congo hosts the largest
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μ½©κ³ λŠ” UNμ—μ„œ ν‰ν™”μœ μ§€μ— κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ€ λΉ„μš©κ³Ό 규λͺ¨κ°€ λ“œλŠ” λ‚˜λΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
and most expensive United Nations peacekeeping mission in the world.
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03:01
It was also the site of the first European-led peacekeeping mission,
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λ˜ν•œ 유럽이 첫번째둜 평화 μœ μ§€ μž„λ¬΄λ₯Ό 맑은 지역이며
03:06
and for its first cases ever,
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ꡭ제 사법 μž¬νŒμ†Œκ°€ κ΅° μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹€ν˜•μ„ μ„ κ³ ν•œ 졜초의 사둀가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
the International Criminal Court chose to prosecute Congolese warlords.
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03:15
In 2006, when Congo held the first free national elections in its history,
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2006년에, 콩고 역사상 첫 총선이 μ‹€μ‹œ λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
03:22
many observers thought that an end to violence in the region had finally come.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 콩고 내전이 λ“œλ””μ–΄ 끝날 것이라고 생각 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
The international community lauded the successful organization of these elections
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ꡭ제 μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ„ κ±°μ˜ 성곡을 μΉ˜ν•˜ν–ˆκ³ 
03:34
as finally an example of successful international intervention
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이것을 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯이 μ—†λŠ” κ³³μ—μ„œ
03:38
in a failed state.
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κ°€μž₯ μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 이루어진 사둀라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
But the eastern provinces
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ™λΆ€μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:42
have continued to face massive population displacements
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아직도 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ”μ°ν•œ 인ꢌ μΉ¨ν•΄ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:46
and horrific human rights violations.
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이민 κ°€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
Shortly before I went back there last summer,
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μ œκ°€ λŒμ•„κ°€κΈ° 직전 여름에,
03:52
there was a horrible massacre in the province of South Kivu.
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ν‚€λΆ€ 남μͺ½μ—μ„œλŠ” λ”μ°ν•œ λŒ€ν•™μ‚΄μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
Thirty-three people were killed.
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33λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚΄ν•΄λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
They were mostly women and children,
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κ·Έλ“€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ—¬μžμ™€ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
04:01
and many of them were hacked to death.
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그듀쀑 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ λ„λΌλ‘œ μ£½μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
During the past eight years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 8λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ,
04:08
fighting in the eastern provinces has regularly reignited
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λ™λΆ€μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ „μŸμ€ 일상적인 일이 λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
04:12
full-scale civil and international war.
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κ·Έ 규λͺ¨λŠ” 동뢀지역 μ „λ°˜μ— 걸친 μ „μŸμ΄λ©΄μ„œ ꡭ제 μ „μŸμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
So basically, every time we feel that we are on the brink of peace,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 근본적으둜 λ§€μˆœκ°„λ§ˆλ‹€ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν‰ν™”μ˜ λ²Όλž‘λμ— μ„œ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λŠλ‚„λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
04:20
the conflict explodes again.
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μ „μŸμ΄ λ‹€μ‹œ ν„°μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
Why?
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μ–΄μ§Έμ„œ κ·ΈλŸ΄κΉŒμš”?
04:24
Why have the massive international efforts
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μ™œ λ§Žμ€ ꡭ제적인 λ…Έλ ₯에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
04:27
failed to help Congo achieve lasting peace and security?
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콩고의 평화λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  μ•ˆμ „μ„ 지킀지 λͺ»ν• κΉŒμš”?
04:34
Well, my answer to this question revolves around two central observations.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ €μ˜ λŒ€λ‹΅μ„ 두가지 κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
First, one of the main reasons for the continuation of violence in Congo
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첫째둜, μ½©κ³ μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 지속적인 폭λ ₯의 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 원인은
04:47
is fundamentally local --
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λ°”λ‘œ 근본적인 지역--
04:50
and when I say local,
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μ œκ°€ 지역이라고 λ§ν• λ•ŒλŠ” κ·Έ 속에 개인, κ°€μ‘±,
04:51
I really mean at the level of the individual, the family,
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04:54
the clan, the municipality, the community, the district,
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집단, 지방, 지역, ꡬ역, λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ’…μ‘±κΉŒμ§€ ν¬ν•¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
sometimes the ethnic group.
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05:01
For instance, you remember the story of Isabelle that I told you.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, μ œκ°€ μ•žμ—μ„œ 이사벨에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ—ˆλ˜ 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
Well, the reason why militias had attacked Isabelle's village
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μ™œ ν˜„μ§€ λ―Όλ³‘λŒ€κ°€ μ΄μ‚¬λ²¨μ˜ λ§ˆμ„μ„ κ³΅κ²©ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” κΈ€μŽ„μš”,
05:10
was because they wanted to take the land
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 그듀은 λ§ˆμ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹λŸ‰μ„ μž¬λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 땅을
05:13
that the villagers needed to cultivate food and to survive.
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λΉΌμ•—κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μΌκ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
The second central observation is that international peace efforts
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ” 평화 μœ μ§€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ꡭ제적인 λ…Έλ ₯이
05:23
have failed to help address local conflicts
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지역 λΆ„μŸμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
05:27
because of the presence of a dominant peacebuilding culture.
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ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 평화 ꡬ좕 λ¬Έν™”κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 지배적이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
So what I mean is that
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 것은,
05:35
Western and African diplomats,
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μ„œλΆ€μ™€ 아프리카 외ꡐ관듀, ꡭ제 μ—°ν•© 평화 μœ μ§€κ°€λ“€, κΈ°μ¦μžλ“€,
05:38
United Nations peacekeepers, donors,
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05:40
the staff of most nongovernmental organizations
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λΉ„μ˜λ¦¬ λ‹¨μ²΄μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
05:43
that work with the resolution of conflict,
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λΆ„μŸμ— λŒ€ν•œ 해결책을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ νž˜μ„ ν•©μΉ˜κ³ 
05:46
they all share a specific way of seeing the world.
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κ·Έλ“€ 각자 세계λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 방식을 ν•¨κ»˜ 곡유 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
And I was one of these people, and I shared this culture,
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 쀑 ν•œλͺ…μ΄μ—ˆκ³ , μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό 곡유 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
05:55
so I know all too well how powerful it is.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ νž˜μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
Throughout the world, and throughout conflict zones,
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세계 곳곳의 λΆ„μŸ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ,
06:03
this common culture shapes the intervener's understanding
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일반적인 λ¬Έν™”λŠ” μ€‘μž¬μžλ“€μ΄ 폭λ ₯의 원인에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
06:07
of the causes of violence
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06:09
as something that is primarily located in the national and international spheres.
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ꡭ가적 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„μ— λ’€λ˜ 것을 ꡭ제 μ‚¬νšŒμ—λ„ μ μš©μ„ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
It shapes our understanding of the path toward peace
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν‰ν™”λ‘œ κ°€λŠ” 방법인데
06:19
as something again that requires top-down intervention
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κ·Έ λ°©λ²•μ΄λž€ κ΅­κ°€λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 생긴 κ°ˆλ“±κ³Ό ꡭ제적인 κ°ˆλ“±μ΄ λ‹€μ‹œ μƒκΈ°κ²Œ 되면
06:23
to address national and international tensions.
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ν•˜ν–₯μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ°œμž…ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
And it shapes our understanding of the roles of foreign actors
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ΄ ꡭ가와 관계가 있으면
06:31
as engaging in national and international peace processes.
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ꡭ제 평화λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
Even more importantly, this common culture
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그것보닀 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일반적인 λ¬Έν™”κ°€
06:41
enables international peacebuilders to ignore the micro-level tensions
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ꡭ제 평화 μœ μ§€λ‹¨μ΄ λ―Έμ‹œμ  μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μ§€μ—­λΆ„μŸμ„ λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³ 
06:47
that often jeopardize the macro-level settlements.
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μ’…μ’… κ±°μ‹œμ μΈ ν•΄κ²°λ§Œν•˜κ²Œ 될 μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
So for instance, in Congo,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄μ„œ, μ½©κ³ μ—μ„œλŠ”,
06:54
because of how they are socialized and trained,
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μ–΄λŠ 정도 μ‚¬νšŒν™”κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆκ³ , ν›ˆλ ¨μ΄ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
06:58
United Nations officials, donors, diplomats,
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λ―Έκ΅­ 곡무원듀, κΈ°μ¦μžλ“€, 외ꡐ관듀, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λΉ„μ˜λ¦¬ 단체 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
07:01
the staff of most nongovernmental organizations,
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07:04
they interpret continued fighting and massacres as a top-down problem.
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μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λΆ„μŸκ³Ό λŒ€ν•™μ‚΄μ„
ν•˜ν–₯식 문제둜 보고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
To them, the violence they see
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 폭λ ₯μ΄λž€
07:13
is the consequence of tensions between President Kabila
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카빌라 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήκ³Ό λ§Žμ€ λ°˜λž€κ΅°λ“€μ΄ λŒ€μΉ˜ν•΄μ„œ 생긴 결과이고,
07:18
and various national opponents,
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07:21
and tensions between Congo, Rwanda and Uganda.
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콩고와,λ₯΄μ™„λ‹€,μš°κ°„λ‹€,μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 생긴 λΆ„μŸμΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
In addition, these international peacebuilders view local conflicts
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡭ제 평화 μœ μ§€λ‹¨λ“€μ€
07:32
as simply the result of national and international tensions,
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지역 λΆ„μŸμ΄ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ ꡭ가와 ꡭ제적인 λΆ„μŸμ˜ κ²°κ³Όμ΄κ±°λ‚˜
07:38
insufficient state authority,
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κ΅­κ°€ 자치ꢌ 뢀쑱이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ 
07:40
and what they call the Congolese people's so-called inherent penchant for violence.
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콩고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ ν”νžˆ μ„ μ²œμ μœΌλ‘œ 폭λ ₯적인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄λΌκ³  μ—¬κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
The dominant culture also constructs intervention
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 지배적인 λ¬Έν™”κ°€ λ˜ν•œ ꡭ가와 ꡭ제 λ‹¨κ³„μ˜
07:51
at the national and international levels
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κ°œμž…μ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
07:54
as the only natural and legitimate task for United Nations staffers and diplomats.
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λ―Έκ΅­ κ΅¬ν˜Έκ°€λ“€κ³Ό μ™Έκ΅κ΄€λ“€μ—κ²Œλ§Œ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ³  합법적인 일이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
And it elevates the organization of general elections,
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 쑰직이 일반적인 μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό λ†’κ²Œ μΉ˜λ©΄μ„œ
08:05
which is now a sort of cure-all,
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μ„ κ±°κ°€ λͺ¨λ“  것을 ν•΄κ²°ν•΄ μ€€λ‹€λŠ” 듯이,
08:07
as the most crucial state reconstruction mechanism
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ£Όμ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 방법을 μž¬μ„€μ •ν•΄μ„œ
08:11
over more effective state-building approaches.
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더 효과적인 κ΅­κ°€ ν˜•μ„± 접근법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
And that happens not only in Congo but also in many other conflict zones.
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이런 일은 콩고 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œλ„ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
But let's dig deeper,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 쑰금 더 깊이 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄,
08:23
into the other main sources of violence.
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폭λ ₯μ—λŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ λ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
In Congo, continuing violence
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콩고의 지속적인 폭λ ₯은
08:29
is motivated not only by the national and international causes
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ ꡭ가와 ꡭ제적인 λ¬Έμ œλ“€ λ•Œλ¬Έλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ ,
08:34
but also by longstanding bottom-up agendas
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μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ λ°‘μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μŒ“μ—¬μ™”λ˜ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ μˆ˜λ©΄μœ„λ‘œ μ˜¬λΌμ™€
08:39
whose main instigators are villagers, traditional chiefs,
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이런 일을 주둜 μ„ λ™ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ§ˆμ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€, 전톡적인 μ§€λ„μžλ“€,
08:43
community chiefs or ethnic leaders.
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λ§ˆμ„ μ§€λ„μž, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λΆ€μ‘± μž₯λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
Many conflicts revolve around political, social and economic stakes
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λ§Žμ€ λΆ„μŸλ“€μ΄ μ •μΉ˜μ ,μ‚¬νšŒμ ,경제적 이해관계가 μ§€μ—­λ§ˆλ‹€ μ–½ν˜€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
that are distinctively local.
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08:54
For instance, there is a lot of competition
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κ°€λ Ή λ§ˆμ„μ΄λ‚˜ κ΅¬μ—­λ§ˆλ‹€ λ§Žμ€ 경쟁이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
08:57
at the village or district level
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09:00
over who can be chief of village or chief of territory
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전톡법에 따라 λˆ„κ°€ λ§ˆμ„μ˜ 수μž₯이 될것인지
09:03
according to traditional law,
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09:06
and who can control the distribution of land
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 그땅을 λˆ„κ°€ ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜κ³  λΆ„λ°°ν•  것인지와
09:09
and the exploitation of local mining sites.
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지역광산 μ΄μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
This competition often results in localized fighting,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²½μŸμ€ μ’…μ’… μ§€μ—­λΆ„μŸμœΌλ‘œ 이어지기도 ν•˜κ³ ,
09:17
for instance in one village or territory,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄ ν•œ λ§ˆμ„ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ˜ν† ,
09:21
and quite frequently, it escalates into generalized fighting,
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그리고 자주 λ‚΄μ „μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ Έμ„œ,
09:25
so across a whole province,
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지역 μ „μ²΄κΉŒμ§€ νΌμ§€κ²Œ 되고, 심지어 이웃 λ‚˜λΌκΉŒμ§€ ν™•λŒ€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
and even at times into neighboring countries.
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09:30
Take the conflict between Congolese of Rwandan descent
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λ₯΄μ™„λ‹€ ν›„μ†μ˜ 콩고인듀과
09:35
and the so-called indigenous communities of the Kivus.
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μ†Œμœ„ ν‚€λΆ€ 원주민 μ§‘λ‹¨κ³Όμ˜ λΆ„μŸμ„ 예둜 μ‚΄νŽ΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
09:40
This conflict started in the 1930s during Belgian colonization,
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이것은 1930λ…„λŒ€ λ²¨κΈ°μ—μ˜ 식민 ν†΅μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ°›λŠ” κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆμ— μ‹œμž‘ λλŠ”λ°
09:45
when both communities competed over access to land and to local power.
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κ·Έλ•Œ 두 지역이 토지와 ꢌλ ₯ μŸνƒˆ κ²½μŸμ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
Then, in 1960, after Congolese independence,
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κ·Έ ν›„ 1960년도에 콩고가 λ…λ¦½ν•˜κ³ ,
09:54
it escalated because each camp tried to align with national politicians,
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이것이 가속화 된 것이 각 μ§„μ˜μ΄ μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€κ³Ό 결속을 ν•˜λ € ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜,
10:00
but still to advance their local agendas.
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그듀이 μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 지역 ν†΅μΉ˜κΆŒμ„ μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
And then, at the time of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda,
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그리고 1994λ…„ λ₯΄μ™„λ‹€μ—μ„œ 학살이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”λ°,
10:08
these local actors allied with Congolese and Rwandan armed groups,
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지역 ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ΄ 콩고와 λ₯΄μ™„λ‹€ 무μž₯단체와 동맹을 맺으렀 ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜,
10:15
but still to advance their local agendas in the provinces of the Kivus.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ ν‚€λΆ€ 지역 μ „μ²΄μ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜κΆŒμ„ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
And since then, these local disputes over land and local power
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κ·Έλ•ŒλΆ€ν„°, 이런 지역 λΆ„μŸμ€ λ•…κ³Ό 지역이 가진 힘이
10:26
have fueled violence,
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폭λ ₯을 μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆκ³ ,
10:27
and they have regularly jeopardized
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그듀은 자주 κ΅­κ°€ κ°„ κ΅­μ œν˜‘μ•½μ„ μ–΄κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
the national and international settlements.
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10:35
So we can wonder why in these circumstances
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ™œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황이
10:39
the international peacebuilders have failed to help implement
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ꡭ제 평화 μœ μ§€λ‹¨λ“€μ΄ 지역 평화λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ“€μ΄
10:44
local peacebuilding programs.
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μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό κΆκΈˆν•΄ν• κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
And the answer is that international interveners
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κ·Έ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ ꡭ제 μ€‘μž¬μžλ“€μ΄
10:52
deem the resolution of grassroots conflict
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각 지역 주민에 μ˜ν•œ λΆ„μŸν•΄κ²°λ°©λ²•μ„
10:55
an unimportant, unfamiliar, and illegitimate task.
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μ‚¬μ†Œν•˜κ³  λ‚―μ„€λ©° λΆˆλ²•μ μΈ 일둜 μ—¬κΈ°κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
The very idea of becoming involved at the local level clashes fundamentally
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λ°”λ‘œ 이런 생각이 지역 μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ λΆ„μŸμ€ 이미 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 문화적 κ·œλ²”μ„
11:08
with existing cultural norms,
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ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  있고,
11:10
and it threatens key organizational interests.
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쑰직의 이해λ₯Ό μœ„ν˜‘ν• μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ°œλ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:14
For instance, the very identity of the United Nations
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, λ―Έκ΅­ 같이 각각의 정체성이
11:18
as this macro-level diplomatic organization
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 규λͺ¨λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 외ꡐ λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€λ“€μ΄
11:22
would be upended if it were to refocus on local conflicts.
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거꾸둜 지역 λΆ„μŸμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
And the result is that neither the internal resistance
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‚΄λΆ€μ €ν•­μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
11:33
to the dominant ways of working
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κ°€μž₯ μš°μ„Έν•œ 방법도 μ™ΈλΆ€ 좩격도 μ•„λ‹Œ
11:35
nor the external shocks
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11:38
have managed to convince international actors that they should reevaluate
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ꡭ제 κ΅¬ν˜Έκ°€λ“€μ΄ μ΄ν•΄ν•œ 폭λ ₯κ³Ό κ°œμž…μ— λŒ€ν•œ 생각을
11:43
their understanding of violence and intervention.
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재고 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:47
And so far, there have been only very few exceptions.
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό 적은 μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:51
There have been exceptions, but only very few exceptions,
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그런 κ²ƒμ—λŠ” 항상 μ˜ˆμ™Έκ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°, ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νŒ¨ν„΄μ—μ„œλŠ”
11:54
to this broad pattern.
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ꡉμž₯히 μ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
So to wrap up, the story I just told you
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ μ •λ¦¬ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
12:01
is a story about how a dominant peacebuilding culture
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지배적인 평화 μœ μ§€ λ¬Έν™”κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
12:06
shapes the intervener's understanding of what the causes of violence are,
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κ°œμž…μžλ“€μ΄ 폭λ ₯을 μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” 원인에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κ³ ,
12:11
how peace is made,
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평화가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λ©°,
12:12
and what interventions should accomplish.
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κ°œμž…μ€ 무엇을 이뀄야 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:16
These understandings enable international peacebuilders
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ΄ν•΄λŠ” ꡭ제 평화 μœ μ§€λ‹¨λ“€μ΄
12:20
to ignore the micro-level foundations
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λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³  있던 λ―Έμ„Έν•œ ν† λŒ€λ“€μ΄
12:23
that are so necessary for sustainable peace.
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평화λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것인지 μ•Œκ²Œ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
The resulting inattention to local conflicts
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§€μ—­λΆ„μŸμ— λŒ€ν•œ λΆ€μ£Όμ˜μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ”
12:31
leads to inadequate peacebuilding in the short term
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μ•„μ£Ό 짧은 κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆλ§Œμ˜ ν‰ν™”μœ μ§€μΌλΏμ΄λ©°
12:35
and potential war resumption in the long term.
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잠재적으둜 κΈ΄ μ „μŸμ΄ λ‹€μ‹œ 일어날 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
And what's fascinating is that this analysis
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ†€λΌμš΄ 것은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 뢄석이
12:42
helps us to better understand many cases of lasting conflict
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 지속적인 λΆ„μŸμ˜ 원인에 λŒ€ν•΄ 더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν• μˆ˜ 있고
12:46
and international intervention failures, in Africa and elsewhere.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λ‚΄μ˜ ꡭ제 κ°œμž…μ΄ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œ 곳듀도 λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
Local conflicts fuel violence in most war and post-war environments,
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μ§€μ—­λΆ„μŸμ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ „μŸκ³Ό μ „ν›„ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ 폭λ ₯을 μ‹¬ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³ ,
12:57
from Afghanistan to Sudan to Timor-Leste,
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μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„λΆ€ν„° μˆ˜λ‹¨, 동티λͺ¨λ₯΄κΉŒμ§€,
13:00
and in the rare cases where there have been comprehensive,
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μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ 상ν–₯식 평화 μœ μ§€ κ³„νšμ€ ꡉμž₯히
13:04
bottom-up peacebuilding initiatives,
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λ“œλ¬Έ 경우인데
13:07
these attempts have been successful at making peace sustainable.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 접근법은 ν‰ν™”μœ μ§€μ— ꡉμž₯히 μ„±κ³΅μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:12
One of the best examples is the contrast
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κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 μ˜ˆλŠ” λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λŠ” 것인데
13:15
between the relatively peaceful situation in Somaliland,
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ†Œλ§λ¦¬μ•„μ—μ„œ 평화적인 곳은
13:20
which benefited from sustained grassroots peacebuilding initiatives,
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ν’€λΏŒλ¦¬ ν‰ν™”μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œ 효과λ₯Ό 보고 μžˆλŠ” 곳이고,
13:25
and the violence prevalent in the rest of Somalia,
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μ†Œλ§λ¦¬μ•„μ˜ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 뢀뢄은 폭λ ₯이 λΉˆλ²ˆν•˜κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”λ°
13:29
where peacebuilding has been mostly top-down.
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κ·Έ 곳은 ν‰ν™”μœ μ§€κ°€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ ν•˜ν–₯μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:32
And there are several other cases
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 사둀도 μžˆλŠ”λ°
13:35
in which local, grassroots conflict resolution
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지역, 근본적인 λΆ„μŸμ˜ 해결은
13:38
has made a crucial difference.
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ꡉμž₯히 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
So if we want international peacebuilding to work,
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν‰ν™”μœ μ§€μ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άκ³ ,
13:46
in addition to any top-down intervention,
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또 ν•˜ν–₯식 κ°œμž…μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ 것이든 간에,
13:49
conflicts must be resolved from the bottom up.
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λΆ„μŸμ˜ 해결은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 상ν–₯식이어야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:53
And again, it's not that national and international tensions don't matter.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, κ΅­κ°€κ°„μ˜ κΈ΄μž₯은 상관 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
They do.
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κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:59
And it's not that national and international peacebuilding
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이것은 ꡭ가와 ꡭ제 평화 μœ μ§€κ°€ ν•„μš” μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
isn't necessary.
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14:04
It is.
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ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:06
Instead, it is that both macro-level and micro-level peacebuilding are needed
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λŒ€μ‹ , κ±°μ‹œμ μΈ μˆ˜μ€€κ³Ό λ―Έμ‹œμ μΈ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 평화 μœ μ§€κ°€
14:13
to make peace sustainable,
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평화λ₯Ό μ§€μ†μ‹œν‚€κ³ ,
14:15
and local nongovernmental organizations,
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μ§€μ—­μ˜ λΉ„μ˜λ¦¬ 단체, 지역 μžμΉ˜μ™€ μ‹œλ―Ό μ‚¬νšŒ λŒ€ν‘œλ“€μ΄
14:18
local authorities and civil society representatives
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14:21
should be the main actors in the bottom-up process.
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λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 상ν–₯식 쀑심 ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ΄ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:25
So of course, there are obstacles.
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μž₯애물도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:28
Local actors often lack the funding
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지역 ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ€ μ’…μ’… 기금이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
14:30
and sometimes the logistical means and the technical capacity
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μˆ˜μ†‘ μˆ˜λ‹¨κ³Ό 기술의 κ°€λŠ₯성을
14:34
to implement effective, local peacebuilding programs.
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지역 평화 μœ μ§€ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 싀행이 잘 μ•ˆ λ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:38
So international actors should expand their funding and support
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ꡭ제 ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 돈과 지원을
14:43
for local conflict resolution.
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지역 λΆ„μŸμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ§€μ›ν•΄μ€˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:47
As for Congo, what can be done?
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콩고에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 ν• μˆ˜ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:51
After two decades of conflict and the deaths of millions,
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μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„μ˜ λΆ„μŸκ³Ό 수 백만λͺ…μ˜ 죽음,
14:54
it's clear that we need to change our approach.
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μ ‘κ·Ό 방식을 λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점이 ν™•μ‹€ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:58
Based on my field research,
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μ €μ˜ ν˜„μ§€ 쑰사에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄,
15:00
I believe that international and Congolese actors
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ꡭ제적 콩고 ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ΄
15:03
should pay more attention to the resolution of land conflict
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λ•… λΆ„μŸμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³ 
15:07
and the promotion of inter-community reconciliation.
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지역 μ‚¬νšŒλ‚΄μ˜ ν™”ν•΄ 증진에 더 λ…Έλ ₯을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:11
So for instance, in the province of the Kivus,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄, ν‚€λΆ€ 지역은
15:14
the Life and Peace Institute and its Congolese partners
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μ‚Άκ³Ό 평화 κΈ°κ΄€ 그리고 콩고 νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆλ“€ λͺ¨μ€
15:17
have set up inter-community forums
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곡동체 회의λ₯Όλ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
15:20
to discuss the specifics of local conflicts over land,
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지역에 걸친 ꡬ체적인 지역 λΆ„μŸμ˜ 해결을 λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³ 
15:25
and these forums have found solutions to help manage the violence.
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이런 λͺ¨μž„은 폭λ ₯을 ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 해결책을 찾게 도움을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:30
That's the kind of program that is sorely needed
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콩고 동뢀지역 전체에 이런 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ λͺΉμ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
throughout eastern Congo.
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15:37
It's with programs like this
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이사벨과 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λ‚¨νŽΈ 같은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:38
that we can help people like Isabelle and her husband.
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15:43
So these will not be magic wands,
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이것이 λ§ˆλ²•μ§€νŒ‘μ΄κ°€ 될 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ,
15:46
but because they take into account deeply rooted causes of the violence,
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그듀이 폭λ ₯의 근본적인 원인을 μ΄ν•΄ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
15:52
they could definitely be game-changers.
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그듀은 상황을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 될수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:54
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:57
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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