Want to get great at something? Get a coach | Atul Gawande

343,163 views ใƒป 2018-01-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sujee Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I don't come to you today as an expert.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
I come to you as someone who has been really interested
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:17
in how I get better at what I do
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์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
and how we all do.
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00:23
I think it's not just how good you are now,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:25
I think it's how good you're going to be that really matters.
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'์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
I was visiting this birth center in the north of India.
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์ธ๋„ ๋ถ์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
I was watching the birth attendants,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
00:34
and I realized I was witnessing in them an extreme form of this very struggle,
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€
00:39
which is how people improve in the face of complexity --
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ํ˜น์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
or don't.
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00:46
The women here are delivering in a region
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์ด ๊ณณ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€
์‹ ์ƒ์•„ 20๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
00:48
where the typical birth center has a one-in-20 death rate for the babies,
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00:54
and the moms are dying at a rate ten times higher than they do elsewhere.
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 10๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Now, we've known the critical practices
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค์€
01:02
that stop the big killers in birth for decades,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
and the thing about it is that even in this place --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
01:09
in this place especially,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:11
the simplest things are not simple.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
We know for example you should wash hands and put on clean gloves,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์†์„ ์”ป์€ ํ›„์— ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ฐ‘์„ ๊ปด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
01:18
but here,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:19
the tap is in another room,
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์ˆ˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:22
and they don't have clean gloves.
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์žฅ๊ฐ‘์€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
To reuse their gloves,
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์žฅ๊ฐ‘์„ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:26
they wash them in this basin of dilute bleach,
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ํฌ์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฑ์ œ๋กœ ์žฅ๊ฐ‘์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์”ป์–ด ๋‚ด๋„
01:30
but you can see there's still blood on the gloves from the last delivery.
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์ด์ „ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์— ์ผ๋˜ ํ”ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žฅ๊ฐ‘์— ๋ฌป์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Ten percent of babies are born with difficulty breathing everywhere.
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์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ 10%๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
We know what to do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿด ๋•Œ ๋ญ˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
You dry the baby with a clean cloth to stimulate them to breathe.
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๋ ค ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ทน์„ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
If they don't start to breathe,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํ˜ธํก๊ณค๋ž€์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:50
you suction out their airways.
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์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And if that doesn't work, you give them breaths with the baby mask.
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๊ทธ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์”Œ์–ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
But these are skills that they've learned mostly from textbooks,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ์ € ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์ผ ๋ฟ
02:01
and that baby mask is broken.
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๊ทธ ์•„๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋งˆ์ €๋„ ๋ง๊ฐ€์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
In this one disturbing image for me
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
02:12
is a picture that brings home just how dire the situation is.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ์ง€ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
This is a baby 10 minutes after birth,
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์ถœ์ƒํ•œ์ง€ 10๋ถ„์ด ๋œ ์•„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
and he's alive,
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์•„์ด๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:22
but only just.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
No clean cloth,
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์ฒœ์€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜์ง€๋„
02:25
has not been dried,
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๋ง๋ผ์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:27
not warming skin to skin,
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๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
02:31
an unsterile clamp across the cord.
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒฏ์ค„์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
He's an infection waiting to happen,
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์•„์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ณ 
02:35
and he's losing his temperature by the minute.
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒด์˜จ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Successful child delivery requires a successful team of people.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์—๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํŒ€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
A whole team has to be skilled and coordinated;
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์ˆ™๋ จ๋˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ํŒ€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
the nurses who do the deliveries in a place like this,
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๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ
02:50
the doctor who backs them up,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ
02:52
the supply clerk who's responsible for 22 critical drugs and supplies
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22๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•ฝํ’ˆ๊ณผ ํ•„์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ์„
02:56
being in stock and at the bedside,
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๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›
์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š”
02:59
the medical officer in charge,
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03:00
responsible for the quality of the whole facility.
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์นจ๋Œ€ ๋งก์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ์ฃ .
03:05
The thing is they are all experienced professionals.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
I didn't meet anybody who hadn't been part of thousands of deliveries.
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์ด ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But against the complexities that they face,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—
03:18
they seem to be at their limits.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
They were not getting better anymore.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‚˜์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:25
It's how good you're going to be that really matters.
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์ง„์ • ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
It presses on a fundamental question.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
How do professionals get better at what they do?
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:39
How do they get great?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:41
And there are two views about this.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
One is the traditional pedagogical view.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ต์œกํ•™์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
That is that you go to school,
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ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
03:47
you study, you practice, you learn, you graduate,
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๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:50
and then you go out into the world
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
03:52
and you make your way on your own.
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๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
A professional is someone who is capable of managing their own improvement.
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
That is the approach that virtually all professionals have learned by.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
That's how doctors learn,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
that's how lawyers do,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
scientists ...
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค
04:09
musicians.
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์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
04:12
And the thing is, it works.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Consider for example legendary Juilliard violin instructor Dorothy DeLay.
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์ „์„ค์ ์ธ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์–ด๋“œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ๋„๋กœ์‹œ ๋”œ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
04:20
She trained an amazing roster of violin virtuosos:
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ์žฅ์ด ๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Midori, Sarah Chang, Itzhak Perlman.
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๋ฏธ๋„๋ฆฌ, ์‚ฌ๋ผ ์žฅ, ์ด์ž‘ ํŽ„๋งจ.
04:26
Each of them came to her as young talents,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์–ด๋ฆด ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„๋กœ์‹œ์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
and they worked with her over years.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
04:32
What she worked on most, she said,
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๋„๋กœ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:34
was inculcating in them habits of thinking and of learning
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:38
so that they could make their way in the world without her
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€ ์—†์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€
04:41
when they were done.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Now, the contrasting view comes out of sports.
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๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
And they say "You are never done,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋์€ ์—†๋‹ค,
04:52
everybody needs a coach."
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
Everyone.
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:56
The greatest in the world needs a coach.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So I tried to think about this as a surgeon.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์™ธ๊ณผ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Pay someone to come into my operating room,
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๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹ค์— ์™€์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ 
๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
observe me and critique me.
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05:14
That seems absurd.
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ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:16
Expertise means not needing to be coached.
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์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ง€๋„๋ฐ›์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ž–์•„์š”.
05:20
So then which view is right?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:25
I learned that coaching came into sports as a very American idea.
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์ฝ”์น˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์— ๋“ค์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
In 1875,
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1875๋…„์—
05:32
Harvard and Yale played one of the very first American-rules football games.
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์™€ ์˜ˆ์ผ์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:36
Yale hired a head coach;
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์˜ˆ์ผ์€ ํ—ค๋“œ ์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Harvard did not.
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
05:41
The results?
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:42
Over the next three decades,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
05:44
Harvard won just four times.
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹จ 4๋ฒˆ ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Harvard hired a coach.
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Š” ์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
(Laughter)
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05:52
And it became the way that sports works.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
But is it necessary then?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:57
Does it transfer into other fields?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋„ ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:01
I decided to ask, of all people,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:03
Itzhak Perlman.
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์ด์ž‘ ํŽ„๋งจ.
06:05
He had trained the Dorothy DeLay way
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋„๋กœ์‹œ ๋”œ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:08
and became arguably the greatest violinist of his generation.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
One of the beautiful things about getting to write for "The New Yorker"
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๋‰ด์š”์ปค์— ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ต์‹ ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:16
is I call people up, and they return my phone calls.
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06:19
(Laughter)
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06:20
And Perlman returned my phone call.
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ํŽ„๋งจ์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
So we ended up having an almost two-hour conversation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด์ž‘์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„
06:25
about how he got to where he got in his career.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
And I asked him, I said, "Why don't violinists have coaches?"
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์™œ ์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?"
06:34
And he said, "I don't know,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
06:37
but I always had a coach."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ ."
06:39
"You always had a coach?"
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"ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”?"
06:41
"Oh yeah, my wife, Toby."
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์š”, ์ œ ๋ถ€์ธ ํ† ๋น„์ฃ ."
06:45
They had graduated together from Juilliard,
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์ค„๋ฆฌ์–ด๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ํ† ๋น„๋Š”
06:48
and she had given up her job as a concert violinist
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์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ง์—…์„
06:52
to be his coach,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:53
sitting in the audience,
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๊ด€์ค‘์„์— ์•‰์•„
06:55
observing him and giving him feedback.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
"Itzhak, in that middle section,
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"์ด์ž‘, ๊ทธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
07:00
you know you sounded a little bit mechanical.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜€์–ด์š”. ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ?
07:03
What can you differently next time?"
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?"
07:06
It was crucial to everything he became, he said.
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์ด ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Turns out there are numerous problems in making it on your own.
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ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
You don't recognize the issues that are standing in your way
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ž์‹  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
or if you do,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
07:19
you don't necessarily know how to fix them.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
And the result is that somewhere along the way,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ฐ€๋„
07:24
you stop improving.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
And I thought about that,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
07:30
and I realized that was exactly what had happened to me as a surgeon.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์ด ์™ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
I'd entered practice in 2003,
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์ €๋Š” 2003๋…„์— ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
and for the first several years,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์€
07:38
it was just this steady, upward improvement in my learning curve.
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ํ•™์Šต ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
I watched my complication rates drop from one year to the next.
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ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ๋ฅ ์ด ๋งค๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:47
And after about five years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ 5๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋’ค
07:48
they leveled out.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
And a few more years after that,
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด ๋” ์ง€๋‚˜์ž
07:52
I realized I wasn't getting any better anymore.
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์ œ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ข‹์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
And I thought: "Is this as good as I'm going to get?"
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ตœ์„ ์ผ๊นŒ?"
08:00
So I thought a little more and I said ...
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:03
"OK,
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜
08:05
I'll try a coach."
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์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ณด์ž."
08:07
So I asked a former professor of mine who had retired,
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์ €๋Š” ์€ํ‡ดํ•œ ์ „์ง ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ธ
08:11
his name is Bob Osteen,
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๋ฐฅ ์˜ค์Šคํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
and he agreed to come to my operating room
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์ œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹ค์— ์˜ค์…”์„œ
08:16
and observe me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
08:19
The case --
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๊ทธ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋Š”
08:20
I remember that first case.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
It went beautifully.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์ฃ .
08:23
I didn't think there would be anything much he'd have to say
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐฅ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ง์ด
08:26
when we were done.
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๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Instead, he had a whole page dense with notes.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐฅ์€ ํ•„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
(Laughter)
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08:33
"Just small things," he said.
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"์•„์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์•ผ." ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
(Laughter)
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08:35
But it's the small things that matter.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
08:39
"Did you notice that the light had swung out of the wound
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"์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ค‘์— ์ƒ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋น›์ด ๋ป—์–ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ๋‹ˆ?
08:42
during the case?
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08:43
You spent about half an hour
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๋„ˆ๋Š” 30๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
08:45
just operating off the light from reflected surfaces."
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋น›์„ ๋„๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ์ง€."
08:49
"Another thing I noticed," he said,
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:51
"Your elbow goes up in the air every once in a while.
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๋„ˆ์˜ ํŒ”๊ฟˆ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ๊ณต์ค‘์— ๋“ค๋ ค.
08:54
That means you're not in full control.
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๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€.
08:57
A surgeon's elbows should be down at their sides resting comfortably.
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์™ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ํŒ”๊ฟˆ์น˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํŽธ์•ˆํžˆ ์˜†๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚ด๋ ค์™€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด.
09:01
So that means if you feel your elbow going in the air,
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ํŒ”๊ฟˆ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉด
09:04
you should get a different instrument, or just move your feet."
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฐœ์„ ์›€์ง์—ฌ."
09:09
It was a whole other level of awareness.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:14
And I had to think,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
09:17
you know, there was something fundamentally profound about this.
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
He was describing what great coaches do,
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๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ฝ”์น˜๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
and what they do is they are your external eyes and ears,
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์ฝ”์น˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
09:27
providing a more accurate picture of your reality.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
They're recognizing the fundamentals.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ
09:33
They're breaking your actions down
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:36
and then helping you build them back up again.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„ธ์šฐ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
After two months of coaching,
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2๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์ฝ”์นญ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
09:40
I felt myself getting better again.
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์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
And after a year,
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1๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋’ค
09:44
I saw my complications drop down even further.
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ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
It was painful.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์ฃ .
09:51
I didn't like being observed,
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๊ด€์ฐฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
and at times I didn't want to have to work on things.
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09:57
I also felt there were periods where I would get worse before I got better.
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๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
But it made me realize
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
that the coaches were onto something profoundly important.
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์ฝ”์น˜๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
10:09
In my other work,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘์—
10:10
I lead a health systems innovation center called Ariadne Labs,
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์•„๋ฆฌ์•„๋“œ๋„ค ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž ์ง„๋ฃŒ ํ˜์‹  ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
where we work on problems in the delivery of health care,
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
10:18
including global childbirth.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
As part of it,
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๊ทธ ์ผ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ
10:21
we had worked with the World Health Organization
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ผํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
to devise a safe childbirth checklist.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
10:26
It lays out the fundamentals.
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์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
It breaks down the fundamentals --
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์คฌ์ฃ .
10:30
the critical actions a team needs to go through
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์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ผญ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™๋“ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
when a woman comes in in labor,
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ
10:35
when she's ready to push,
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์ด ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:37
when the baby is out,
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
10:39
and then when the mom and baby are ready to go home.
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ์™€ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ฃ .
10:42
And we knew
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
that just handing out a checklist wasn't going to change very much,
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์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
10:46
and even just teaching it in the classroom wasn't necessarily going to be enough
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๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
10:51
to get people to make the changes that you needed to bring it alive.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
10:55
And I thought on my experience and said,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
"What if we tried coaching?
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"์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
11:00
What if we tried coaching at a massive scale?"
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ณด์ž."
11:04
We found some incredible partners,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
including the government of India,
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์ธ๋„ ์ •๋ถ€๋„ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
and we ran a trial there in 120 birth centers.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 120๊ฐœ์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
In Uttar Pradesh, in India's largest state.
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฃผ์ธ ์šฐํƒ€๋ฅดํ”„๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ์š”.
11:17
Half of the centers basically we just observed,
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์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:23
but the other half got visits from coaches.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
We trained an army of doctors and nurses like this one
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ต์œกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
who learned to observe the care and also the managers
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
and then help them build on their strengths
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๊ฐ์ž ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
11:36
and address their weaknesses.
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์•ฝ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
One of the skills for example they had to work on with people --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ˆ
11:41
turned out to be fundamentally important --
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
11:44
was communication.
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์†Œํ†ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Getting the nurses to practice speaking up when the baby mask is broken
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์•„๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
์žฅ๊ฐ‘์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
11:49
or the gloves are not in stock
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์†์„ ์”ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋†’์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
or someone's not washing their hands.
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11:53
And then getting others, including the managers,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
11:55
to practice listening.
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๋“ฃ๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
This small army of coaches ended up coaching 400 nurses
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์ด ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ฝ”์น˜์ง„๋“ค์€
400๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค
12:02
and other birth attendants,
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12:04
and 100 physicians and managers.
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100๋ช…์˜ ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ์ง€๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
We tracked the results across 160,000 births.
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ 16๋งŒ ๊ฑด์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
The results ...
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
in the control group you had --
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์‹คํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ค‘
12:17
and these are the ones who did not get coaching --
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์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€
12:19
they delivered on only one-third of 18 basic practices
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜ํ•œ 18๊ฑด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜
3๋ถ„์˜ 1๋งŒ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
that we were measuring.
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12:25
And most important was over the course of the years of study,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
12:28
we saw no improvement over time.
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์ „ํ˜€ ์ง„์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:30
The other folks got four months of coaching
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4๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€
12:33
and then it tapered off over eight months,
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8๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๋”๋‹ˆ
12:35
and we saw them increase
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2 ์ด์ƒ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
to greater than two-thirds of the practices being delivered.
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12:42
It works.
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ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:43
We could see the improvement in quality,
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์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:47
and you could see it happen across a whole range of centers
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์„ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
that suggested that coaching could be a whole line of way
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์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์—
12:53
that we bring value to what we do.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
You can imagine the whole job category that could reach out in the world
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…๊ตฐ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:00
and that millions of people could fulfill.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
We were clearly at the beginning of it, though,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
because there was still a distance to go.
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๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๊ธธ์ด ์•„์ง ๋ฉ€์ฃ .
13:08
You have to put all of the checklist together
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
13:10
to achieve the substantial reductions in mortality.
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์˜ ํฐ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
But we began seeing the first places that were getting there,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง€์ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:17
and this center was one of them
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์ด ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
because coaching helped them learn to execute on the fundamentals.
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์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:24
And you could see it here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
13:27
This is a 23-year-old woman
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23์‚ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
who had come in by ambulance,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ๋กœ ์ด์†ก๋˜์–ด ์™”์ฃ .
13:32
in labor with her third child.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด์˜ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง„ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
She broke her water in the triage area,
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์‘๊ธ‰์ฒ˜์น˜์†Œ์—์„œ ์–‘์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์ง„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ
13:41
so they brought her directly to the labor and delivery room,
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๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
and then they ran through their checks.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:46
I put the time stamp on here
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
13:48
so you could see how quickly all of this happens
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
and how much more complicated that makes things.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
13:54
Within four minutes,
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4๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์—
13:55
they had taken the blood pressure, measured her pulse
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ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งฅ๋ฐ•์„ ์Ÿ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
and also measured the heart rate of the baby.
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ํƒœ์•„์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ์Ÿ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
That meant that the blood pressure cuff and the fetal Doppler monitor,
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ํ˜ˆ์••์ธก์ •๋ ์™€ ํƒœ์•„ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
14:05
they were all there, and the nurse knew how to use them.
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์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
14:08
The team was skilled and coordinated.
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ํŒ€์€ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋๊ณ  ์กฐ์ง์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
The mom was doing great,
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ›Œ๋ฃกํžˆ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
the baby's heart rate was 143, which is normal.
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ํƒœ์•„์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Š” 143์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ฃ .
14:16
Eight minutes later, the intensity of the contractions picked up,
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8๋ถ„ ํ›„, ์ง„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
so the nurse washed her hands,
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์†์„ ์”ผ๊ณ 
14:22
put on clean gloves,
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ฐ‘์„ ๋‚€ ํ›„์—
14:23
examined her and found that her cervix was fully dilated.
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ์ž๊ถ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด ๋ถ€ํ‘ผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
The baby was ready to come.
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:29
She then went straight over to do her next set of checks.
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
All of the equipment, she worked her way through
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๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„์™€ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋’ค
14:35
and made sure she had everything she needed at the bedside.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์นจ๋Œ€ ๋งก์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
The baby mask was there, the sterile towel,
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์•„๊ธฐ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์‚ด๊ท ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
14:40
the sterile equipment that you needed.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ด๊ท ๋œ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”.
14:42
And then three minutes later, one push and that baby was out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3๋ถ„ ๋’ค, ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ์ž๋งˆ์ž ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
(Applause)
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14:52
I was watching this delivery,
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์ „ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
and suddenly I realized that the mood in that room had changed.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค์˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
The nurse was looking at the community health worker
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜จ
๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ ์ง์›์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
who had come in with the woman
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15:04
because that baby did not seem to be alive.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
She was blue and floppy and not breathing.
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์•„์ด๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ ค์„œ ์ถ• ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
She would be one of that one-in-20.
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20๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ทธ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
But the nurse kept going with her checkpoints.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
She dried that baby with a clean towel.
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํƒ€์›”๋กœ ๋‹ฆ์•„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
And after a minute, when that didn't stimulate that baby,
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1๋ถ„ ํ›„, ํƒ€์›”๋กœ๋„ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทน์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜์ž
15:25
she ran to get the baby mask
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
and the other one went to get the suction.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํก์ž…์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
She didn't have a mechanical suction because you could count on electricity,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๊ฒจ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ํก์ž…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด
15:35
so she used a mouth suction,
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๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํก์ž…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
and within 20 seconds,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20์ดˆ ์ด๋‚ด์—
15:37
she was clearing out that little girl's airways.
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์•„์ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋—์ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
And she got back a green, thick liquid,
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์˜ ์ ์•ก์งˆ์„ ๋ฑ‰์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
and within a minute of being able to do that
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์ดํ›„ 1๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ
15:44
and suctioning out over and over,
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ํก์ž…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
that baby started to breathe.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
(Applause)
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15:53
Another minute and that baby was crying.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ 1๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์ž ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์šธ์Œ์„ ํ„ฐํŠธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
And five minutes after that,
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๊ทธ 5๋ถ„ ๋’ค
15:59
she was pink and warming on her mother's chest,
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ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์ด ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ”๊ณ 
16:02
and that mother reached out to grab that nurse's hand,
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์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋Š” ์†์„ ๋ป—์–ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†์„ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
and they could all breathe.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ์„œ์•ผ ๋‹ค๋“ค ์•ˆ๋„์˜ ์ˆจ์„ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
I saw a team transformed because of coaching.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฝ”์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆํ•œ ํŒ€์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
And I saw at least one life saved because of it.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๊ตฌํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
We followed up with that mother a few months later.
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๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋’ค, ๊ทธ ์‚ฐ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
Mom and baby were doing great.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
The baby's name is Anshika.
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์•„์ด์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์•ˆ์‰ฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
It means "beautiful."
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
16:30
And she is what's possible
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์•ˆ์‰ฌ์นด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
16:31
when we really understand
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊นจ์šฐ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ
16:33
how people get better at what they do.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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