To eliminate waste, we need to rediscover thrift | Andrew Dent

116,504 views ・ 2018-04-26

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ga yeram κ²€ν† : InHyuk Song
00:12
Let's talk about thrift.
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μ ˆμ•½μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:15
Thrift is a concept where you reduce, reuse and recycle,
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μ ˆμ•½μ€ 쀄이고, μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ , μž¬ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” κ°œλ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
but yet with an economic aspect I think has a real potential for change.
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κ²€μ†Œν•¨μ€ 경제적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ³€ν™”μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성을 가지고 있죠.
00:25
My grandmother, she knew about thrift.
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제 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ ˆμ•½μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:27
This is her string jar.
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이것은 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 끈 ν•­μ•„λ¦¬μ˜ˆμš”.
00:29
She never bought any string.
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ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ λˆλ„ 사지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Basically, she would collect string.
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λŒ€μ‹ , λˆμ„ μˆ˜μ§‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
It would come from the butcher's, it would come from presents.
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μ •μœ‘μ μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ–»κ³ , μ„ λ¬Όλ‘œ μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
She would put it in the jar and then use it when it was needed.
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그리고 병에 λ„£μ–΄λ‘κ³ μ„œλŠ” ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³€ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:38
When it was finished, whether it was tying up the roses
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μ‚¬μš©μ΄ λλ‚˜λ©΄, μž₯λ―Έλ₯Ό λ¬Άμ–΄λ†“κ±°λ‚˜
00:40
or a part of my bike,
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제 μžμ „κ±°μ˜ 일뢀λ₯Ό λ¬Άμ–΄λ†“μ•˜μ£ .
00:41
once finished with that, it'd go back into the jar.
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이 λˆμ€ μ—­μ‹œ μš©λ„κ°€ λλ‚˜λ©΄ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•­μ•„λ¦¬λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
00:44
This is a perfect idea of thrift; you use what you need,
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μ ˆμ•½μ˜ μ™„λ²½ν•œ λ°©μ•ˆμ΄μ£ . ν•„μš”ν•œ κ±Έ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄,
00:47
you don't actually purchase anything, so you save money.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 아무것도 κ΅¬λ§€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λˆμ„ μ ˆμ•½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Kids also inherently know this idea.
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아이듀도 μ„ μ²œμ μœΌλ‘œ 이런 생각을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
When you want to throw out a cardboard box,
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λ§Œμ•½ νŒμ§€ μƒμžλ₯Ό 버리렀 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
00:54
the average kid will say, "Don't! I want to use it for a robot head
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λ³΄ν†΅μ˜ 아이듀은 "ν•˜μ§€λ§ˆ! λ‘œλ΄‡ 머리둜 μ“°κ±°λ‚˜
00:57
or for a canoe to paddle down a river."
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강을 타기 μœ„ν•œ μΉ΄λˆ„λ‘œ μ“Έκ±°μ•Ό!"라고 말할 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
They understand the value of the second life of products.
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그듀은 μ œν’ˆμ˜ 두 번째 μ“°μž„μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ£ .
01:04
So, I think thrift is a perfect counterpoint
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μ €λŠ” μ ˆμ•½μ΄ μ™„λ²½ν•œ λŒ€ν•­μ±…μ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
01:07
to the current age which we live in.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν˜„λŒ€μ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
01:09
All of our current products are replaceable.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ œν’ˆμ€ λŒ€μ²΄κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
When we get that bright, new, shiny toy,
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밝고, μƒˆλ‘­κ³ , λΉ›λ‚˜λŠ” μž₯λ‚œκ°μ„ μ–»κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
01:14
it's because, basically, we got rid of the old one.
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그건 기본적으둜 μ˜ˆμ „μ˜ μž₯λ‚œκ°μ„ 버렸기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄κ² μ£ .
01:17
The idea of that is, of course, it's great in the moment,
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λ¬Όλ‘  κ·Έ μˆœκ°„μ—” μ’‹μ§€λ§Œ
01:21
but the challenge is, as we keep doing this,
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 일을 계속 ν•˜λ‹€λ³΄λ©΄
01:24
we're going to cause a problem.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μƒκΈ΄λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
That problem is that there is really no way.
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κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ™„λ²½ν•œ λŒ€μ±…μ΄ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
When you throw something away, it typically goes into a landfill.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 버린 것은 보톡 μ“°λ ˆκΈ° λ§€λ¦½μ§€λ‘œ κ°€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Now, a landfill is basically something which is not going to go away,
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기본적으둜 μ“°λ ˆκΈ° λ§€λ¦½μ§€λŠ” 사라지지 μ•Šμ„ 것이고
01:37
and it's increasing.
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점점 컀지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
At the moment, we have about 1.3 billion tons of material every year
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이 μˆœκ°„μ—λ„ 맀년 μ•½ 13μ–΅ ν†€μ˜ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ“€μ΄
01:43
going into landfills.
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λ§€λ¦½μ§€λ‘œ κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
By 2100, it's going to be about four billion tons.
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2100λ…„μ—λŠ” 40얡톀 정도가 될 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
01:48
See, instead, I'd prefer if we started thrifting.
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λŒ€μ‹  μž¬ν™œμš©(Thrifting)을 ν•΄ 보면 쒋지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”.
01:51
What that means is, we consider materials when they go into products
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무슨 말이냐면, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 물건에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
01:56
and also when they get used,
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그것이 μ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€κ³  μ‚¬μš©λ  λ•Œ
01:57
and, at the end of their life: When can they be used again?
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μ–Έμ œ λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ“°μž„μƒˆλ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
It's the idea of completely changing the way we think about waste,
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이 생각은 μ“°λ ˆκΈ°μ— λŒ€ν•œ 생각을 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΎΈμ£ .
02:03
so waste is no longer a dirty word --
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μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λŠ” 더 이상 μ§€μ €λΆ„ν•œ 단어가 μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜ˆμš”.
02:05
we almost remove the word "waste" completely.
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ "μ“°λ ˆκΈ°"λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ™„μ „νžˆ μ œκ±°ν•  κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:07
All we're looking to is resources.
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λŒ€μ‹  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μžμ›μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Resource goes into a product
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μžμ›μ€ μ œν’ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°„ λ‹€μŒμ—λ„
02:10
and then can basically go into another product.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ œν’ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
We used to be good at thrifting.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ ˆμ•½μ„ μž˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
My grandmother, again, used to use old seed packets
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제 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 낑은 씨앗 톡을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³€ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:19
to paper the bathroom walls.
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ν™”μž₯μ‹€ 벽을 λ„λ°°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
02:21
I think, though, there are companies out there who understand this value
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일뢀 이런 κ°€μΉ˜λ“€μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ΄ν•΄μ‹œν‚€λ €λŠ”
02:24
and are promoting it.
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νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
And a lot of the technologies that have been developed for the smart age
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슀마트 μ‹œλŒ€μ—” 더 μ „λ¬Έμ μœΌλ‘œ 쀄이고, μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ 
02:29
can also be adapted to reduce, reuse and also thrift more proficiently.
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μ ˆμ•½ν•˜λ„λ‘ 개발된 λ§Žμ€ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ΄ 적용될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
And as a materials scientist,
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재료 κ³Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ
02:36
what I've been tracking over the last couple of decades
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μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡μ‹­λ…„ κ°„ μ œκ°€ μΆ”μ ν•΄μ˜¨ 것은
02:38
is how companies are getting smart at thrifting,
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νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ ˆμ•½μ„ μž˜ν•˜λŠ” 방법과
02:41
how they're able to understand this concept
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이 κ°œλ…μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 방법,
02:43
and profit from it.
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그리고 κ·Έκ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 이득을 λ³΄λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
I'm going to give you two examples.
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두 가지 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
02:47
The first one, a good one; the second one, not so good.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 쒋은 것이고, 두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” λ³„λ‘œ 쒋지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
The first is the automotive industry.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μžλ™μ°¨ μ‚°μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
Not always known as the most innovative or creative of industries,
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κ°€μž₯ ν˜μ‹ μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 창쑰적인 μ‚°μ—…μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ‚˜
02:54
but it turns out, they're really, really good at recycling their products.
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이듀은 μžλ™μ°¨ μ œν’ˆμ„ μž¬ν™œμš© ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŠ₯μˆ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Ninety-five percent of every single car that goes on the road
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길을 κ°€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ°¨λ“€μ˜ 95%κ°€ μž¬ν™œμš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
gets recycled here.
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03:03
And of that car, about 75 percent of the entire car
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그리고 κ·Έ 차의 μ•½ 75%λŠ”
03:06
actually gets used again.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
That includes, of course, the old steel and aluminum
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였래된 κ°•μ² κ³Ό μ•Œλ£¨λ―ΈλŠ„λ„ ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
but then also the plastics from the fender and the interiors,
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범퍼와 λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±λ“€,
03:15
glass from the windows and the windshield
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μ°½λ¬Έκ³Ό μ•ž 유리창의 유리,
03:17
and also the tires.
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νƒ€μ΄μ–΄κΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
03:18
There's a mature and successful industry that deals with these old cars
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낑은 차듀을 μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ , 그것듀을 μž¬ν™œμš©ν•΄μ„œ
03:22
and basically recycles them and puts them back into use
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ°¨λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒˆ μ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ”
03:25
as new cars or other new products.
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μ„±μˆ™λ˜κ³  성곡적인 산업이죠.
03:28
Even as we move towards battery-powered cars,
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심지어 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „κΈ°μ°¨ μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:31
there are companies that claim they can recycle up to 90 percent
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2020년이면 1천1백만 톀에 λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°°ν„°λ¦¬μ˜ 90%λ₯Ό
03:34
of the 11 million tons of batteries that are going to be with us in 2020.
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μž¬ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
That, I think, is not perfect,
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μ™„λ²½ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
03:40
but it's certainly good, and it's getting better.
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ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 점점 λ‚˜μ•„μ§€κ³  있죠.
03:43
The industry that's not doing so well is the architecture industry.
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잘 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 산업은 건좕 μ‚°μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ±΄μΆ•μ˜ 과제 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 항상 건좕을 ν•  λ•Œ
03:48
One of the challenges with architecture has always been
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03:50
when we build up, we don't think about taking down.
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해체에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
We don't dismantle, we don't disassemble, we demolish.
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λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν•΄μ²΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
That's a challenge,
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그것이 κ³Όμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
because it ends up that about a third of all landfill waste in the US
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ―Έκ΅­ 전체 μ“°λ ˆκΈ° λ§€λ¦½μ§€μ˜
04:00
is architecture.
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μ•½ 3λΆ„μ˜ 1이 건좕물이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:02
We need to think differently about this.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 생각할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:04
There are programs that can actually reduce some of this material.
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이런 μžμž¬λ“€μ„ 쀄일 수 μžˆλŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
A good example is this.
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이것이 쒋은 μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
These are actually bricks that are made from old demolition waste,
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유리, 파편, 콘크리트λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 였래된 건섀 폐기물둜
04:12
which includes the glass, the rubble, the concrete.
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ λ²½λŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
You put up a grinder, put it all together, heat it up
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뢄쇄기λ₯Ό μ¨μ„œ ν•©μΉ˜κ³ , κ°€μ—΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
and make these bricks we can basically build more buildings from.
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이 벽돌둜 더 λ§Žμ€ 건물을 지을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
But it's only a fraction of what we need.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 ν•„μš”ν•œ 것 쀑 일뢀일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
My hope is that with big data and geotagging,
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제 희망은 λΉ… 데이터와 μœ„μΉ˜ν‘œμ‹μ„ μ΄μš©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:28
we can actually change that,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이 지점을 λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€λ„λ‘
04:29
and be more thrifty when it comes to buildings.
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건물의 μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ„±μ„ 더 λ†’μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
If there's a building down the block which is being demolished,
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철거되고 μžˆλŠ” 건물이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
04:35
are there materials there
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μž¬μ‚¬μš© μž¬λ£Œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:36
that the new building being built here can use?
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μƒˆλ‘œ 지을 건물에 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘μš”.
04:39
Can we use that, the ability to understand
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건물에 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μž¬λ£Œκ°€
04:42
that all the materials available in that building are still usable?
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ΄ν•΄μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:45
Can we then basically put them into a new building,
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기본적으둜 이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 건물에 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬
04:48
without actually losing any value in the process?
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μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μžƒμ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:53
So now let's think about other industries.
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이제 λ‹€λ₯Έ 산업에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:55
What are other industries doing to create thrift?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 산업듀은 μ ˆμ•½μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 무엇을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
04:57
Well, it turns out that there are plenty of industries
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슀슀둜의 폐기물과 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일에 λŒ€ν•΄
05:00
that are also thinking about their own waste
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μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 산업듀이
μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이 λ°ν˜€μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
05:02
and what we can do with it.
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05:03
A simple example is the waste that they basically belch out
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ˜ˆλŠ” 그듀이 기본적으둜
05:06
as part of industrial processes.
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μ‚°μ—… ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€μ˜ μΌλΆ€λ‘œμ„œ λ°°μΆœν•˜λŠ” νκΈ°λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
Most metal smelters give off an awful lot of carbon dioxide.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κΈˆμ† μ œλ ¨μ†ŒλŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°°μΆœν•΄μš”.
05:11
Turns out, there's a company called Land Detector
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μ•Œκ³ λ³΄λ‹ˆ, 쀑ꡭ과 남아프리카에도
λ•… νƒμ§€κΈ°λΌλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μžˆλ”κ΅°μš”.
05:14
that's actually working in China and also soon in South Africa,
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이 νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” νκ°€μŠ€λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
that's able to take that waste gas --
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05:20
about 700,000 tons per smelter --
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각 μ œλ ¨μ†Œ λ‹Ή μ•½ 70만 ν†€μ„μš”.
05:24
and then turn it into about 400,000 tons of ethanol,
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이것을 μ•½ 40λ§Œν†€μ˜ μ—νƒ„μ˜¬λ‘œ λ°”κΎΈλŠ”λ°,
05:27
which is equivalent to basically powering 250,000, or quarter of a million, cars
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이것은 기본적으둜 1λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 25만, λ˜λŠ” 25λ§Œν†€μ˜ μžλ™μ°¨μ—
05:31
for a year.
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μ „λ ₯을 κ³΅κΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 것과 κ°™μ•„μš”.
05:32
That's a very effective use of waste.
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이것은 폐기물을 효과적으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
How about products more close to home?
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μ§‘μ—μ„œ μ’€ 더 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 곳에 μžˆλŠ” μ œν’ˆμ€ μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?
05:38
This is a simple solution.
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이것은 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν•΄κ²°μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
And it, again, takes the idea of reducing, reusing,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그것은 쀄이고, μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ ,
05:43
but then also with economic advantage.
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경제적인 이점도 κ³ λ €ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
So it's a simple process of changing from a cut and sew,
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이것은 자λ₯΄κ³  κΏ°λ§€λŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
where typically between 20 and 30 materials are used
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보톡 큰 μ²œμ„ 잘라 λ§Œλ“  20~30개의 재료λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄
05:51
which are cut from a large cloth and then sewn together or even sometimes glued,
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λ°”λŠμ§ˆμ„ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
05:55
they changed it and said that they just knitted the shoe.
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그것을 λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ μ‹ λ°œμ„ λœ¨κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
The advantage with this is not just a simplification of the process,
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이 λ°©λ²•μ˜ 이점은 과정을 λ‹¨μˆœν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
it's also, "I've got one material. I have zero waste,"
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μž¬λ£Œκ°€ 있고, μ“°λ ˆκΈ°κ°€ μ „ν˜€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
and then also, "I'm able to potentially recycle that at the end of its life."
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 수λͺ…이 λλ‚ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μž¬ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
Digital manufacturing is also allowing us to do this more effectively.
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디지털 μ œμ‘°λŠ” 이것을 더 효과적이게 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
In this case, it's actually creating the theoretical limit of strength
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이 경우, μž¬λ£Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 이둠적인 μ œν•œμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
for a material:
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이 λͺ¨μ–‘보닀 더 λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜
06:18
you cannot get any stronger for the amount of material
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06:20
than this shape.
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재료λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
So it's a basic simple block,
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이것은 기본적인 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λ©μ–΄λ¦¬μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:24
but the idea is, I can extrapolate this, I can make it into large formats,
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생각해보면 이것을 큰 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 있으며
06:27
I can make it into buildings, bridges,
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건좕물, 닀리, λΉ„ν–‰κΈ° λ‚ κ°œ, μ‹ λ°œκΉŒμ§€λ„
06:29
but also airplane wings and shoes.
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λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
The idea here is, I'm minimizing the amount of material.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 생각할 점은, 재료의 양을 μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
Here's a good example from architecture.
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κ±΄μΆ•μ—μ„œλ„ 쒋은 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
Typically, these sorts of metal nodes are used to hold up large tent structures.
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일반적으둜, 이런 κΈˆμ† λ…Έλ“œλŠ” 큰 ν…νŠΈλ₯Ό μ„ΈμšΈ λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ£ .
06:43
In this case, it in was in the Hague, along a shopping center.
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이것은 μ‡Όν•‘ μ„Όν„°λ₯Ό 끼고 μžˆλŠ” 헀이그에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그듀은 μ™Όμͺ½μ˜ 것을 1600개 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:46
They used 1600 of the materials on the left.
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06:48
The difference is, by using the solution on the right,
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차이점은 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
06:51
they cut down the number of steps from seven to one,
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μŠ€ν… 수λ₯Ό 7κ°œμ—μ„œ 1개둜 쀄일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
because the one on the left is currently welded,
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μ™Όμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 것은 ν˜„μž¬ μš©μ ‘λ˜μ–΄ 있고,
06:56
the one on the right is simply just printed.
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μ— μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ°ν˜€μžˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
06:58
And it was able to reduce waste to zero,
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μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό 0으둜 쀄이고
07:00
cost less money
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λΉ„μš©μ„ μ ˆκ°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:02
and also, because it's made out of steel,
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λ˜ν•œ, κ°•μ² λ‘œ λ˜μ–΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
07:04
can be eventually recycled at the end of its life.
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수λͺ…이 λ‹€ν•  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μž¬ν™œμš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
Nature also is very effective at thrift.
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μžμ—° λ˜ν•œ μ ˆμ•½μ— 맀우 효과적이죠.
07:12
Think about it: nature has zero waste.
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μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μžμ—°μ€ λ‚­λΉ„κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
Everything is useful for another process.
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λͺ¨λ“  것이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 과정에 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
So, in this case, nanocellulose,
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λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
07:19
which is basically one of the very fine building blocks of cellulose,
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μ„¬μœ μ†Œ 덩어리 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ
07:22
which is one of the materials that makes trees strong,
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λ‚˜λ…Έμ…€λ£°λ‘œμ˜€μŠ€λ₯Ό λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜λ©΄
07:27
you can isolate it, and it works very much like carbon fiber.
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νƒ„μ†Œ μ„¬μœ μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ μž‘μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
So, take that from a tree, form it into fibers,
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λ‚˜λ¬΄μ—μ„œ 이것을 λ–Όμ–΄λ‚΄μ„œ μ„¬μœ λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€λ©΄
07:33
and then those fibers can strengthen things,
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이것은 λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°, 건물, μžλ™μ°¨ 같은 것듀을
07:35
such as airplanes, buildings, cars.
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κ°•ν™”μ‹œμΌœμ€„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
The advantage of this, though, is it's not just bioderived,
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이점은 μƒλ¬Όμœ λ„λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
μž¬μƒ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μžμ›μ—μ„œ μ˜¨λ‹€λŠ” 것이고,
07:41
comes from a renewable resource,
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07:42
but also that it is transparent,
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λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
so it can be used in consumer electronics, as well as food packaging.
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이것은 μ‹ν’ˆ 포μž₯뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ°€μ „ μ œν’ˆμ—λ„ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 있죠.
07:48
Not bad for something that basically comes from the backyard.
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λ’·λ§ˆλ‹Ήμ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 무언가도 λ‚˜μ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
Another one from the biosource is synthetic spider silk.
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λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ 생물학적 μ›μ²œμ€ ν•©μ„± κ±°λ―Έμ€„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
Now, it's very hard to actually create spider silk naturally.
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사싀, 거미쀄을 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄κΈ°λŠ” μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
You can basically get it from spiders,
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기본적으둜 κ±°λ―Έμ—κ²Œμ„œ 얻을 수 있죠.
08:00
but in large numbers, they tend to kill each other, eat each other,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ κ±°λ―ΈλŠ” μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό 죽이고 λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
so you've got a problem with creating it,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 보톡 μ‹€κ³Ό 같은 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은
08:05
in the same way you do with regular silk.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹  κ±°λ―Έμ—κ²Œμ„œ DNAλ₯Ό μ–»μ–΄
08:07
So what you can do is instead take the DNA from the spider,
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08:10
and put it into various different things.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 것듀에 넣을 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:12
You can put it into bacteria, you can put it into yeast,
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ— 넣을 μˆ˜λ„ 있고, 효λͺ¨κ· μ— 넣을 수 있으며
μš°μœ μ— 넣을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
you can put it into milk.
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08:16
And what you can do then is,
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κ·Έλ•Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ±΄
08:18
the milk or the bacteria produce in much larger volumes
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μš°μœ λ‚˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ 더 λ§Žμ€ 양을 μƒμ‚°ν•΄λ‚΄μ„œ
08:21
and then from that, spin a yarn and then create a fabric or a rope.
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κ·Έκ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 싀을 치고 μ§λ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜ 밧쀄을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
Again, bioderived, has incredible strength -- about the same as Kevlar --
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μƒλ¬Όμœ λ„λŠ” μΌ€λΈ”λŸ¬(Kevlar)만큼 ꡉμž₯ν•œ νž˜μ„ 가지고 있죠.
08:29
so they're using it in things like bulletproof vests and helmets
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이것을 방탄 μ‘°λΌλ‚˜ 헬멧,
08:32
and outdoor jackets.
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아웃도어 μž¬ν‚·μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
It has a great performance.
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이것은 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
But again, it's bioderived, and at the end of its life,
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μƒλ¬Όμœ λ„λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³ , 수λͺ…을 λ‹€ν•˜λ©΄
ν™μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 재료둜
08:37
it potentially can go back into the soil and get composted
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λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:40
to again be potentially used as a new material.
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08:44
I'd like to leave you with one last form which is biobased,
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μƒλ¬Όμœ λ„μ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μœ ν˜•μ„ μ „ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άλ„€μš”.
이것은, ꢁ극적인 μ ˆμ•½κ³Ό κ°™μ•„μš”.
08:47
but this, I think, is like the ultimate thrift.
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08:49
Think about the poster child for conspicuous consumption.
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κ³Όμ‹œμ  μ†ŒλΉ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν¬μŠ€ν„°μ— λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 아이λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:51
It's the water bottle.
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이것은 λ¬Όλ³‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
We have too many of them, they're basically going everywhere,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이런 것듀을 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 가지고 있고, 이것듀은
08:56
they're a problem in the ocean.
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μ–΄λ””λ‘œλ“  갈 수 있으며 λ°”λ‹€μ˜ 큰 λ¬Έμ œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
What do we do with them?
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μ΄κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
09:00
This process is able not just to recycle them,
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이 과정은 μž¬ν™œμš©μ„ ν•œλ²ˆλ§Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:02
but to recycle them infinitely.
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λ¬΄ν•œν•˜κ²Œ μž¬ν™œμš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
Why is that interesting?
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이게 μ™œ ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμšΈκΉŒμš”?
09:05
Because when we think about reusing and recycling,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μž¬μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό μž¬ν™œμš©μ„ 생각할 λ•Œ κΈˆμ†, μœ λ¦¬κ°™μ€ 것은
09:08
metals, glass, things like that, can be recycled as many times as you like.
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” 만큼 μž¬ν™œμš©λ  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
09:13
There's metal in your car
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 차에 μžˆλŠ” κΈˆμ†μ€ μ•„λ§ˆλ„
09:15
that may well have come from a 1950s Oldsmobile,
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1950λŒ€μ˜ μ˜¬λ“œλͺ¨λΉŒμ— μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
because you can recycle it infinitely with no loss of performance.
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μ„±λŠ₯ 손싀 없이 κΈˆμ†μ„ λ¬΄ν•œμž¬μƒν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
09:21
Plastics offer about once or twice of recycling,
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ€ ν•œ, λ‘λ²ˆμ˜ μž¬ν™œμš©λ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
whether it's a bottle, whether it's a chair --
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그것이 병이든, μ˜μžλ“ 
09:26
whatever it is, if it's carpet --
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μΉ΄νŽ«μ΄λ“ 
09:27
after two times of recycling, whether it goes back into another chair, etc,
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μž¬ν™œμš©μ„ 두 λ²ˆν•œ ν›„, 의자둜 λŒμ•„κ°€λ“ 
νž˜μ„ μžƒκ³ , 더 이상 μ“Έλͺ¨κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
it tends to lose strength, it's no longer of any use.
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09:33
This, though, just using a few enzymes, is able to recycle it infinitely.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ νš¨μ†Œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄ λ¬΄ν•œνžˆ μž¬ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:37
I take a bottle or a chair or some other plastic product,
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μ €λŠ” λ³‘μ΄λ‚˜ 의자, λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± μ œν’ˆμ—
09:40
I basically put it in with a few enzymes, they break it apart,
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λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ νš¨μ†Œλ₯Ό μ£Όμž…ν•˜κ³ , λΆ„ν•΄ν•΄μ„œ
09:44
they basically put it back into its original molecules.
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μ›λž˜ λΆ„μžμ— λ‹€μ‹œ μ§‘μ–΄λ„£μ–΄μš”.
09:46
And then from those molecules,
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그리고 κ·Έ λΆ„μžλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜μžλ‚˜ 카펫, 병을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
you can build another chair or carpet or bottle.
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09:51
So, the cycle is infinite.
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μˆœν™˜μ€ λ¬΄ν•œνžˆ κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μš”.
09:53
The advantage with that, of course,
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 이점은
09:55
is that you have potentially zero loss of material resources.
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물질적 μžμ›μ˜ 손싀이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
Again, the perfect idea of thrift.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ ˆμ•½μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ™„λ²½ν•œ μƒκ°μ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
10:02
So in conclusion, I just want to have you think about -- if you make anything,
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결둠적으둜
10:06
if you're any part of a design firm,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ””μžμΈ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ 직원이고,
10:08
if you basically are refurbishing your house --
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집을 μƒˆλ‘œ κ³ μΉ˜λ©΄μ„œ
10:11
any aspect where you make something,
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λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 뢀뢄이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
10:13
think about how that product could potentially be used
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μ œν’ˆμ΄ 두 번째 μ‚Ά, μ„Έ 번째 μ‚Άμ΄λ‚˜ λ„€ 번째 μ‚ΆμœΌλ‘œ
10:16
as a second life, or third life or fourth life.
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μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:19
Design in the ability for it to be taken apart.
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그것을 뢄리할 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ§Œλ“œμ„Έμš”.
10:23
That, to me, is the ultimate thrift,
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μ €μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄ 그것이 ꢁ극적인 μ ˆμ•½μ΄λ©°,
10:25
and I think that's basically what my grandmother would love.
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제 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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