Gregory Stock: To upgrade is human

44,277 views ใƒป 2009-04-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: MinJae Jung ๊ฒ€ํ† : eunyoung suh
00:12
The future of life, where the unraveling of our biology --
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ถ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ --
00:16
and bring up the lights a little bit. I don't have any slides.
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์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐํ˜€ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์—†์ด
00:18
I'm just going to talk --
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๊ฐˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
00:21
about where that's likely to carry us.
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๋ง๋กœ๋งŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And you know, I saw all the visions
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์ €๋„ ์•ž์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์„ธ์…˜์—์„œ
00:27
of the first couple of sessions.
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์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ ผ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
It almost made me feel a little bit guilty about having an uplifting talk
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค๋– ์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๋ฐ, ์•ž์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋น„์ ผ๋“ค์€
00:32
about the future.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ
00:34
It felt wrong to do that in some way.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋“ค๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
And yet, I don't really think it is
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
because when it comes down to it,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น  ๋•Œ
00:40
it's this larger trajectory that is really what is going to remain --
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ถค๋„ -- ์ฆ‰
00:44
what people in the future are going to remember about this period.
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ํ›—๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
I want to talk to you a little bit about
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:51
why the visions of Jeremy Rivkins,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” Jaremy Rivkins์˜
00:55
who would like to ban these sorts of technologies,
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๋น„์ ผ๊ณผ
00:58
or of the Bill Joys who would like to relinquish them,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” Bill Joys์˜ ๋น„์ ผ์ด
01:02
are actually -- to follow those paths would be such a tragedy for us.
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ทน์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
I'm focusing on biology,
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์šฐ์„ , ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™,
01:10
the biological sciences.
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์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
The reason I'm doing that is because those are going to be
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋จผ์ € ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:15
the areas that are the most significant to us.
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์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
The reason for that is really very simple.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
It's because we're flesh and blood.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ์™€ ์‚ด๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:23
We're biological creatures.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
And what we can do with our biology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:29
is going to shape our future
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:31
and that of our children and that of their children --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ›„์†๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
whether we gain control over aging,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
01:36
whether we learn to protect ourselves from Alzheimer's,
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์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:40
and heart disease, and cancer.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ณ‘, ์•” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
I think that Shakespeare really put it very nicely.
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์ €๋Š” ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And I'm actually going to use his words in the same order that he did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
(Laughter)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘ ์›ƒ์Œ)
01:51
He said, "And so from hour to hour
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
01:54
we ripe and ripe.
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์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
01:57
And then from hour to hour we rot and rot.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
And thereby hangs a tale."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:01
Life is short, you know.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์งง์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
And we need to think about planning a little bit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
We're all going to eventually, even in the developed world,
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๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
02:10
going to have to lose everything that we love.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
When you're beginning to rot a little bit,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋Š™์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
02:16
all of the videos crammed into your head,
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์‚ถ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์„ ๋ฉ”์›Œ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
02:18
all of the extensions that extend your various powers,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋“ค์€
02:22
are going to being to seem a little secondary.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
And you know, I'm getting a little bit gray -- so is Ray Kurzweil,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, Ray Kurzweil์”จ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €๋„ ํฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋Š˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
so is Eric Drexler.
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Eric Drexler์”จ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ตฌ์š”.
02:32
This is where it's really central to our lives.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
Now I know there's been a whole lot of hype
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ƒ๋ช…ํ•™์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ปจํŠธ๋กคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
02:37
about our power to control biology.
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๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํฌ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
You just have to look at the Human Genome Project.
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์šฐ์„  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ „์ž ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
It wasn't two years ago
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ 2๋…„์ „์˜ ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:44
that everybody was talking about --
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๋ชจ๋“ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:46
we've found the Holy Grail of biology.
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์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
02:48
We're deciphering the code of codes.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
02:50
We're reading the book of life.
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์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
It's a little bit reminiscent of 1969 when Neil Armstrong walked on the moon,
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๋งˆ์น˜ 1969๋…„ ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ์— ์ฒซ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋‚ด๋”›์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
and everybody was about to race out toward the stars.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ชจ๋“ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์— ๋“ค๋– ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:01
And we've all seen "2001: A Space Odyssey."
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™” 2001 ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์˜ค๋””์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
You know it's 2003, and there is no HAL.
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2003๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋˜ HAL(์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ)๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And there is no odyssey to our own moon, much less the moons of Jupiter.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์€ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์ด, ์•„์ง ๋‹ฌ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And we're still picking up pieces of the Challenger.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฑŒ๋ฆฐ์ €ํ˜ธ(์šฐ์ฃผ์™•๋ณต์„ฑ ์ œ2ํ˜ธ)์˜ ์ž”ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
So it's not surprising that some people would wonder
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ 30๋…„ ํ˜น์€ 40๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์—
03:19
whether maybe 30 or 40 years from now,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€์—
03:22
we'll look back at this instant in time,
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
and all of the sort of talk about
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ง€๋„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์™€
03:27
the Human Genome Project,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„
03:29
and what all this is going to mean to us --
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
well, it will really mean precious little.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
And I just want to say that that is absolutely not going to be the case.
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์ €๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Because when we talk about our genetics and our biology,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ ์ „ํ•™๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„
03:44
and modifying and altering and adjusting these things,
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๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
03:46
we're talking about changing ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And this is very critical stuff.
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
If you have any doubts about how technology affects our lives,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹œ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:55
you just have to go to any major city.
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๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
This is not the stomping ground
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๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™์ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด
03:59
of our Pleistocene ancestors.
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์‚ด๋˜๊ณณ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
What's happening is we're taking this technology --
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
it's becoming more precise, more potent --
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์ ์  ์ •๊ตํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
04:06
and we're turning it back upon ourselves.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Before it's all done
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
04:11
we are going to alter ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
04:13
every bit as much as we have changed the world around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ž์‹ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
It's going to happen a lot sooner
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
04:18
than people imagine.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
On the way there it's going to
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
04:23
completely revolutionize medicine and health care; that's obvious.
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์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
It's going to change the way we have children.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‰ํƒœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:28
It's going to change the way we manage
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„
04:30
and alter our emotions.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
It's going to probably change the human lifespan.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
It will really make us question
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
04:36
what it is to be a human being.
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๋‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
The larger context of this is that are
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์ข€๋” ํฐ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š”
04:42
two unprecedented revolutions that are going on today.
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์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
The first of them is the obvious one,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์ž๋ช…ํ•œ
04:50
the silicon revolution,
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์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
which you all are very, very familiar with.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:55
It's changing our lives in so many ways,
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์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํ˜๋ช…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์—์„œ
04:57
and it will continue to do that.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
What the essence of that is, is that we're taking
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์€
05:01
the sand at our feet, the inert silicon at our feet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™, ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋†“์€ ๋ถˆํ™œ์„ฑ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
05:05
and we're breathing a level of complexity into it
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๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๋ณต์žกํ•จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ
05:07
that rivals that of life itself,
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
and may even surpass it.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”
05:12
As an outgrowth of that, as a child of that revolution,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜๋ช…์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์€
05:15
is the revolution in biology.
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๋‹ค๋ฆ„์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
The genomics revolution,
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๊ฒŒ๋†ˆํ•™์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆํ•™, ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌํ•™๋“ฑ
05:19
proteomics, metabolomics, all of these "omics"
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ "~ํ•™๋ฌธ"์€ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
05:22
that sound so terrific on grants and on business plans.
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๋ณด์•˜์„๋•Œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
What we're doing is we are
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
05:30
seizing control of our evolutionary future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฅ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
I mean we're essentially using technology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
05:35
to just jam evolution into fast-forward.
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
It's not at all clear where it's going to take us.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋†“์„์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
05:41
But in five to ten years we're going to start see
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ํ–ฅํ›„ 5๋…„์—์„œ 10๋…„๋‚ด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:44
some very profound changes.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
The most immediate changes that we'll see
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
05:48
are things like in medicine.
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์˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
There is going to be a big shift towards preventative medicine
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:53
as we start to be able to identify
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์˜ํ•™์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํฐ ์ „ํ™˜์„
05:55
all of the risk factors that we have as individuals.
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๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
But who is going to pay for all this?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
06:00
And how are we going to understand all this complex information?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:04
That is going to be the IT challenge
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ• 
06:07
of the next generation, is communicating all this information.
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๋‹ค์Œ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ’€์–ด์•ผํ•  ๋ชซ์ด ์š€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
There's pharmacogenomics, the combination of pharmacology
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์•ž์„œ Juan์”จ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
06:13
and genetics:
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์•ฝ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์œ ์ „์žํ•™์ด ์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ์„œ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์•ฝ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
06:16
tailoring drugs to our individual constitutions
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์•ฝ๋ฆฌ์œ ์ „ํ•™(pharmacogenomics) ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
06:18
that Juan talked about a little bit earlier.
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ํ•™๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
That's going to have amazing impacts.
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์ด ํ•™๋ฌธ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
And it's going to be used for diet as well,
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์˜์–‘๋ณด์ถฉ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:27
and nutritional supplements and such.
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์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
But it's going to have a big impact because
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
06:31
we're going to have niche drugs.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ์•ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
And we aren't going to be able to support
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ œ์•ฝ์— ์ซ์•„๋ถ“๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„
06:36
the kinds of expenses that we have to create blockbuster drugs today.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
The approval process is going to fall apart, actually.
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์Šน์ธ ๊ณผ์ • ๋˜ํ•œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Š๋ ค
06:44
It's too slow.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ํ•ด์ฒด๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
It's too risk-averse.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์•ˆ์ •์ง€ํ–ฅ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:48
And it is really not suited for the future
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผํ•  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—
06:51
that we're moving into.
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์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Another thing is that we're just going to have to deal with this knowledge.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
It's really wonderful when we hear,
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ง€๋„์˜ 99.9%๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค
06:57
"Oh, 99.9 percent of the letters in the code are the same.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€?"
07:02
We're all identical to each other. Isn't it wonderful?"
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๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง์ด์ง€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
And look around you and know
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ
07:08
that what we really care about is
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”์‹œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:10
that little bit of difference.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
We look the same to a visitor from another planet, maybe,
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์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
but not to each other
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ
07:17
because we compete with each other all time.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
And we're going to have to come to grips with the fact
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—
07:22
that there are differences between us as individuals that we will know about,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—
07:25
and between subpopulations of humans as well.
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
To deny that that's the case is not a very good start on that.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
A generation or so away
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
07:36
there are going to be even more profound things that are going to happen.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
That's when we're going to begin to use this knowledge to modify ourselves.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ์ง€์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
Now I don't mean extra gills or something --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:46
something we care about, like aging.
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๋…ธํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
What if we could unravel aging and understand it --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธํ™”์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ
07:52
begin to retard the process or even reverse it?
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๋…ธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:55
It would change absolutely everything.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
And it's obvious to anyone,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:59
that if we can do this, we absolutely will do this,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
08:02
whatever the consequences are.
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ํ•˜๊ณ ์•ผ ๋ง ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
The second is modifying our emotions.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
I mean Ritalin, Viagra,
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Ritalin, Viagra ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Prozac ๊ฐ™์€
08:12
things of that sort, Prozac.
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์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
You know, this is just clumsy little baby steps.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ฝ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
What if you could take a little
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:19
concoction of pharmaceuticals
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๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
08:22
that would make you feel really contented,
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
08:25
just happy to be you.
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๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:27
Are you going to be able to resist that if it doesn't have any overt side effects?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์— ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์•ฝ์„ ์•ˆ๋จน์„ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:30
Probably not.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
And if you don't, who are you going to be?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์† ์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
08:34
Why do you do what you do?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:36
We're sort of circumventing evolutionary programs that guide our behavior.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ต๋ฌ˜ํžˆ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
It's going to be very challenging to deal with.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
The third area is reproduction.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
The idea that we're going to chose our children's genes,
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์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
08:48
as we begin to understand what genes say about who we are.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์‹๋“ค์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
That's the focus of my book "Redesigning Humans,"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ์ฑ… "Redesigning Humans" ์—์„œ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:54
where I talk about the kinds of choices we'll make,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:56
and the challenges it's going to present to society.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
There are three obvious ways of doing this.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
The first is cloning.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ณต์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
It didn't happen.
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์•„์ง์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ผฌ
09:05
It's a total media circus.
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์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์‡ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:07
It will happen in five to 10 years.
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์•„๋งˆ 5๋…„์—์„œ 10๋…„ ๋’ค์— ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
And when it does it's not going to be that big a deal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณ„ ํฐ ์ผ์ด ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
The birth of a delayed identical twin
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์ผ๋ž€์„ฑ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:14
is not going to shake western civilization.
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์„œ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ๊ทผ์›์„ ํ”๋“ค์–ด ๋†“์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
But there are more important things that are already occurring:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
embryo screening.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ๊ฐ๋ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
You take a six to eight cell embryo,
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๋ณดํ†ต 6๊ฐœ์—์„œ 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์•„์„ธํฌ์—์„œ
09:27
you tease out one of the cells, you run a genetic test on that cell,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
and depending on the results of that test
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:32
you either implant that embryo or you discard it.
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๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
It's already done to avoid rare diseases today.
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์ด๋Š” ํฌ๊ท€์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
And pretty soon it's going to be possible
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ์ „์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:41
to avoid virtually all genetic diseases in that way.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ฐฐ์•„์ด์‹์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
As that becomes possible
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
09:48
this is going to move from something that is used by those who
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ˆ ์€ ๋ถˆ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:51
have infertility problems and are already doing in vitro fertilization,
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:54
to the wealthy who want to protect their children,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ณ€์งˆ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
to just about everybody else.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ์ˆ ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
09:59
And in that process that's going to morph
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์กฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ฐ™์€
10:01
from being just for diseases,
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๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š”
10:03
to being for lesser vulnerabilities,
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์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
10:05
like risk of manic depression or something,
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์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์ทจํ–ฅ, ์Šต์„ฑ๋“ฑ์„
10:08
to picking personalities,
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์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
10:11
temperaments, traits, these sorts of things.
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๋ณ€์งˆ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Of course there is going to be genetic engineering.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ณตํ•™์ด ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
10:17
Directly going in -- it's a little bit further away, but not that far away --
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๋น„๋ก ์•„์ง์€ ๋ฉ€์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹Œ ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ณตํ•™์ด
10:20
going in and altering the genes in the first cell in an embryo.
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๋ฐฐ์•„์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
The way I suspect it will happen
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ
10:28
is using artificial chromosomes
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์ธ๊ณต ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 46๊ฐœ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
10:30
and extra chromosomes, so we go from 46
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47๊ฐœ ํ˜น์€ 48๊ฐœ๋กœ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
10:33
to 47 or 48.
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๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
And one that is not heritable
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ 25๋…„์ „ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€
10:37
because who would want to pass on to their children
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๊ตฌ๋‹ฅ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ
10:40
the archaic enhancement modules
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๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:43
that they got 25 years earlier from their parents?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ƒ์†์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
10:46
It's a joke; of course they wouldn't want to do that.
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๋†๋‹ด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
10:49
They'll want the new release.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
Those kinds of loose analogies with
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋ฐ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
10:54
(Laughter)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘ ์›ƒ์Œ)
10:55
computers, and with programming,
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๋น„์œ ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:57
are actually much deeper than that.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:00
They are really going to come to operate in this realm.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž์กฐ์ž‘์€ ์ด ์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์‹œ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Now not everything that can be done should be done.
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์ด์ œ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ˜„์ด ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
And it won't be done.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
11:08
But when something is feasible in thousands of
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ
11:10
laboratories all over the world,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์ด
11:12
which is going to be the case with these technologies,
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์ ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
11:14
when there are large numbers of people who see them as beneficial,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
11:16
which is already the case,
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์กด์žฌํ• ๋•Œ
11:18
and when they're almost impossible to police,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๋•Œ
11:21
it's not a question of if this is going to happen,
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
it's when and where and how it's going to happen.
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์–ธ์ œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋””์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ฑด์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
Humanity is going to go down this path.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”ํƒ•์—๋Š” ํœด๋จธ๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
And it's going to do so for two reasons.
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
The first is that all these technologies
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด
11:34
are just a spin-off of mainstream medical research
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ˜„์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
11:36
that everybody wants to see happen.
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์˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŒŒ์ƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
It is being funded very very --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ
11:41
in a big way.
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์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
The second is, we're human.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
11:45
That's what we do.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
We try and use our technology to
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ข€๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:49
improve our lives in one way or another.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
To imagine that we're not going to use these technologies
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‚ ์ด ์™”์„๋•Œ
11:54
when they become available,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:56
is as much a denial of who we are
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋˜ ์กฐ๋ฐ”์‹ฌ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
11:58
as to imagine
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜
12:00
that we'll use these technologies and not fret
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š”
12:02
and worry about it a great deal.
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์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
The lines are going to blur. And they already are
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์ด์ œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
between therapy and enhancement,
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์‹œ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„
12:10
between treatment and prevention,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„
12:12
between need and desire.
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ํ•„์š”์™€ ์š•๋ง์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
That's really the central one, I believe.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
People can try and ban these things.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
They undoubtedly will. They have.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™”๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
But ultimately all this is going to do
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
12:24
is just shift development elsewhere.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
It's going to drive these things from view.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
It's going to reserve the technology for the wealthy
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๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•๋ง์„ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—
12:31
because they are in the best position
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:33
to circumvent any of these sorts of laws.
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์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
And it's going to deny us
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
12:38
the information that we need to make wise decisions
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์ด์šฉํ•  ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
12:40
about how to use these technologies.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
So, sure, we need to debate these things.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
And I think it's wonderful that we do.
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
But we shouldn't kid ourselves
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ 
12:50
and think that we're going to reach a consensus about these things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์†์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
That is simply not going to happen.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
They touch us too deeply.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊นŠ์ด ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ
12:57
And they depend too much upon history, upon philosophy,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฒ ํ•™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…๊ต, ๋ฌธํ™” ์ •์น˜์— ๊นŒ์ง€
13:00
upon religion, upon culture, upon politics.
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๊นŠ์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
13:03
Some people are going to see this
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ํ˜น์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„
13:06
as an abomination,
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ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
13:08
as the worst thing, as just awful.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
Other people are going to say, "This is great.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ข‹์€๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
13:14
This is the flowering of human endeavor."
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
The one thing though that is really dangerous
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด
13:21
about these sorts of technologies,
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
13:24
is that it's easy to become seduced by them.
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ํ˜„ํ˜น๋˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
And to focus too much on all
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์—
13:30
the high-technology possibilities that exist.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
13:33
And to lose touch
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
13:36
with the basic rhythms of our biology and our health.
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๋†“์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
There are too many people that think that high-technology medicine
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
13:41
is going to keep them, save them,
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๊ณผ์‹๊ณผ ์šด๋™๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:43
from overeating,
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์ผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ผœ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
13:45
from eating a lot of fast foods,
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๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—
13:47
from not getting any exercise.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
It's not going to happen.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ™ช
13:51
In the midst of all this amazing technology,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
13:53
and all these things that are occurring, it's really interesting
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์•ž์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
because there is sort of a counter-revolution that is going on:
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ํ˜๋ช… ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
13:59
a resurgence of interest in remedies from the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์š”๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
in nutraceuticals, in all of these sorts of things
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์ œ์•ฝ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
14:07
that some people, in the pharmaceutical industry particularly,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์‹ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„
14:10
like to brand as non-science.
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๋น„๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
But this whole effort is generated,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค๋„
14:15
is driven, by IT as well
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์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™ (IT)์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
because that is how we're gathering all this information,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด IT๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ 
14:21
and linking it, and integrating it together.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”
14:23
There is a lot in this rich biota that is going to serve us well.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:28
And that's where about half of our drugs come.
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๊ทธ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€๋žต ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ •๋„์˜ ์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
So we shouldn't dismiss this
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์˜จ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ
14:32
because it's an enormous opportunity to use
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡์ฒœ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„์ ์ธ ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค์—์„œ
14:34
these sorts of results,
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์–ป์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋“ค์„
14:37
or these random loose trials from the last thousand years
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
14:40
about what has impacts on our health.
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์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
And to use our advanced technologies
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
14:44
to pull out what is beneficial from this
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ
14:46
sea of noise, basically.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
In fact this isn't just abstract.
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์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
I just formed a biotechnology company
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์ €๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๋‚˜ ๋…ธํ™”์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ
14:54
that is using
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
14:56
this sort of an approach to develop
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์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
14:58
therapeutics for Alzheimer's and other diseases of aging,
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์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
and we're making some real progress.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ด„๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
So here we are.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
15:05
It's the beginning of a new millennium.
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์ƒˆ์ฒœ๋…„์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
If you look forward,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฒœ๋…„์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „
15:10
I mean future humans,
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์•ฝ ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ๋…„ ํ›„
15:12
far before the end of this millennium,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
15:15
in a few hundred years, they are going to look back at this moment.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
And from the beginning of today's sessions
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์˜ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:20
you'd think that they're going to see this as this horrible
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
15:23
difficult, painful period
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๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ
15:25
that we struggled through.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
And I don't think that's what's going to happen.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
They're going to do like everybody does. They are going to forget about all that stuff.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ์žŠ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
And they are actually going to romanticize this moment in time.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
They are going to think about it
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
15:39
as this glorious instant
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์‚ฌํšŒ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜
15:41
when we laid down
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๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ
15:43
the very foundations of their lives,
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์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ
15:46
of their society, of their future.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
You know it's a little bit like a birth.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํƒ„์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
15:52
Where there is this bloody, awful mess happens.
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ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ญ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘๋ ค์šด ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
15:55
And then what comes out of it? New life.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ƒˆ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
Actually as was pointed out earlier,
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์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋Œ€๋กœ
16:02
we forget about all the struggle there was in getting there.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๊ธฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด ๋”ฐ๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
So to me,
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์ €๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
16:09
it's clear that one of the foundations of that future
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
16:11
is going to be the reworking of our biology.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
It's going to come gradually at first. It's going to pick up speed.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
We're going to make lots of errors.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
16:19
That's the way these things work.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
To me it's an incredible privilege
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
16:24
to be alive now
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
16:26
and to be able to witness this thing.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํŠน๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
It is something that is a unique instant
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ถ
16:31
in the history of all of life.
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์—์„œ
16:34
It will always be remembered.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
And what's extraordinary is that
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๋”๋”์šฑ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
16:38
we're not just observing this,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
16:40
we are the architects of this.
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์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
I think that we should be proud of it.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
What is so difficult and challenging
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ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ  ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
16:47
is that we are also the objects of these changes.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
It's our health, it's our lives, it's our future, it's our children.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์‚ถ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
And that is why they are so very troubling to so many people
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋ชธ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
16:57
who would pull back in fear.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
17:00
I think that our choice
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
17:03
in the choice of life,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„
17:05
is not whether we're going to go down this path.
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์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์•„๋‹์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
We are, definitely.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
It's how we hold it in our hearts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„์งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
17:13
It's how we look at it.
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
I think Thucydides really spoke to us very clearly
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 430๋…„์— Thucidites๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ
17:18
in 430 B.C. He put it nicely.
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์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
Again, I'll use the words in the same order he did.
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๋‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋ณด๋ฉด
17:25
"The bravest are surely those
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"์šฉ๋งนํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
17:29
who have the clearest vision of what is before them,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•ž์— ๋†“์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋น„์ ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„์ž์ด๋‹ค.
17:32
both glory and danger alike.
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๊ทธ ๋น„์ ผ์—๋Š” ์˜๊ด‘๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
17:35
And yet notwithstanding, they go out and they meet it."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ๋งนํ•œ ์ž๋Š” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ๋‹ค"
17:39
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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