Aaron O'Connell: Making sense of a visible quantum object

140,994 views ใƒป 2011-06-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sungwook Woo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hahn Ryu
00:15
This is a representation of your brain,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:18
and your brain can be broken into two parts.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ 
00:21
There's the left half, which is the logical side,
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์™ผ์ชฝ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”
00:23
and then the right half,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๋‡Œ๋Š”
00:25
which is the intuitive.
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์ง๊ด€์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜์ฃ 
00:27
And so if we had a scale to measure the aptitude of each hemisphere,
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆˆ๊ธˆ์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:30
then we can plot our brain.
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๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:32
And for example, this would be somebody who's completely logical.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ์™„์ „ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‡Œ์ผํ…Œ๊ตฌ์š”
00:35
This would be someone who's entirely intuitive.
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์ด๊ฑด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:39
So where would you put your brain on this scale?
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ˆˆ๊ธˆ์˜ ์–ด๋””์ฏค์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:42
Some of us may have opted for one of these extremes,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ ์ค‘ ํ•œ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”
00:45
but I think for most people in the audience,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š”
00:47
your brain is something like this --
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
with a high aptitude in both hemispheres at the same time.
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋‡Œ์— ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
00:52
It's not like they're mutually exclusive or anything.
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์–‘์ชฝ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:54
You can be logical and intuitive.
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:56
And so I consider myself one of these people,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:59
along with most of the other experimental quantum physicists,
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์‹คํ—˜ ์–‘์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด์š”
01:02
who need a good deal of logic
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ์—ฎ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:04
to string together these complex ideas.
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
01:06
But at the same time, we need a good deal of intuition
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๊ทธ ๋™์‹œ์—, ์ง๊ด€๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ 
01:09
to actually make the experiments work.
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์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜๋„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด์š”
01:11
How do we develop this intuition? Well we like to play with stuff.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง๊ด€์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธธ๊นŒ์š”? ์Œ, ์šฐ์„  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ €๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€์ง€์š”
01:14
So we go out and play with it, and then we see how it acts,
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๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ 
01:17
and then we develop our intuition from there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง๊ด€์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
01:20
And really you do the same thing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:22
So some intuition
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€
01:24
that you may have developed over the years
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ตํ˜€ ์˜ค์‹  ์ง๊ด€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:26
is that one thing is only in one place at a time.
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ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ ์— ์˜ค์ง ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:30
I mean, it can sound weird to think about
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์—
01:33
one thing being in two different places at the same time,
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์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:37
but you weren't born with this notion, you developed it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง๊ด€์€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:40
And I remember watching a kid playing on a car stop.
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์–ด๋–ค ์• ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ฐจ์ง€์ง€๋Œ€ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
01:43
He was just a toddler and he wasn't very good at it, and he kept falling over.
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๋‘์‚ด ์ •๋„ ๊ผฌ๋งˆ์˜€์–ด์š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋„˜์–ด์กŒ์ฃ 
01:46
But I bet playing with this car stop taught him a really valuable lesson,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋†€๋ฉด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:49
and that's that large things don't let you get right past them,
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ํฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ณ 
01:53
and that they stay in one place.
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ํฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”
01:56
And so this is a great conceptual model to have of the world,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋…์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:59
unless you're a particle physicist.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž…์ž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์ƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:01
It'd be a terrible model for a particle physicist,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ž…์ž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:03
because they don't play with car stops,
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ž…์ž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฐจ์ง€์ง€๋Œ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ 
02:05
they play with these little weird particles.
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
02:08
And when they play with their particles,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:10
they find they do all sorts of really weird things --
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์ •๋ง ํฌํ•œํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:12
like they can fly right through walls,
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์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:15
or they can be in two different places at the same time.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ 
02:19
And so they wrote down all these observations,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š”
02:22
and they called it the theory of quantum mechanics.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋‘๊ณ  ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:26
And so that's where physics was at a few years ago;
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡๋…„์ „์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์œ„์น˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:29
you needed quantum mechanics
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
02:31
to describe little, tiny particles.
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์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
02:33
But you didn't need it
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜
02:35
to describe the large, everyday objects around us.
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ํฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์ด ํ•„์š” ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”
02:39
This didn't really sit well with my intuition,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ง๊ด€๊ณผ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:42
and maybe it's just because I don't play with particles very often.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
02:45
Well, I play with them sometimes,
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์Œ, ์ €๋„ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
02:47
but not very often.
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์ž์ฃผ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”
02:49
And I've never seen them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณธ์ ๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”
02:51
I mean, nobody's ever seen a particle.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์ฃ 
02:54
But it didn't sit well with my logical side either.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง๊ด€ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์™€๋„ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”
02:57
Because if everything is made up of little particles
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:00
and all the little particles
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด
03:02
follow quantum mechanics,
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์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:04
then shouldn't everything just follow quantum mechanics?
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค๋„ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:09
I don't see any reason why it shouldn't.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:12
And so I'd feel a lot better about the whole thing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ
03:14
if we could somehow show
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์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
03:16
that an everyday object
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์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:18
also follows quantum mechanics.
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งž์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:20
So a few years ago, I set off to do just that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๋…„์ „์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ 
03:23
So I made one.
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์žฅ์น˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:26
This is the first object
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์ด๊ฑด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ
03:28
that you can see
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์–‘์ž ์ค‘์ฒฉ ์ƒํƒœ์—
03:30
that has been in a mechanical quantum superposition.
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์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:33
So what we're looking at here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:35
is a tiny computer chip.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
And you can sort of see this green dot right in the middle.
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๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ 
03:40
And that's this piece of metal I'm going to be talking about in a minute.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:43
This is a photograph of the object.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:45
And here I'll zoom in a little bit. We're looking right there in the center.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:48
And then here's a really, really big close-up of the little piece of metal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ •๋ง ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํด๋กœ์ฆˆ์—…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:51
So what we're looking at is a little chunk of metal,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์ž‘์€ ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
03:53
and it's shaped like a diving board, and it's sticking out over a ledge.
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๋‹ค์ด๋น™๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ตฌ์š”, ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚์ ธ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”
03:56
And so I made this thing
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ์„
03:58
in nearly the same way as you make a computer chip.
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:00
I went into a clean room with a fresh silicon wafer,
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์ƒˆ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์›จ์ดํผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ํด๋ฆฐ๋ฃธ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
04:03
and then I just cranked away at all the big machines for about 100 hours.
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ 100์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:06
For the last stuff, I had to build my own machine --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ
04:08
to make this swimming pool-shaped hole
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ํ™ˆ์„ ํŒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:11
underneath the device.
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜ ์•„๋ž˜์—์š”
04:13
This device has the ability
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์–‘์ž ์ค‘์ฒฉ ์ƒํƒœ์—
04:15
to be in a quantum superposition,
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์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:17
but it needs a little help to do it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:19
Here, let me give you an analogy.
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์ž, ๋น„์œ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”
04:21
You know how uncomfortable it is to be in a crowded elevator?
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๊ฝ‰์ฐฌ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•œ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:24
I mean, when I'm in an elevator all alone, I do all sorts of weird things,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ €๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ์— ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ง“์„ ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:27
but then other people get on board
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํƒ€๋ฉด
04:29
and I stop doing those things
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ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ฃ 
04:31
because I don't want to bother them,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
04:33
or, frankly, scare them.
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์†”์งํžˆ๋Š”, ๊ฒ ๋จน์œผ์‹ค ๊นŒ ๋ด์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”
04:36
So quantum mechanics says
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์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
04:38
that inanimate objects feel the same way.
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์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋„ ๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:41
The fellow passengers for inanimate objects
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์—๊ฒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์Šน๊ฐ์ด
04:43
are not just people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ฟ ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”
04:45
but it's also the light shining on it
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๋น„์ถฐ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋น›๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:47
and the wind blowing past it and the heat of the room.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”
04:50
And so we knew, if we wanted to see
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ธˆ์†์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ
04:52
this piece of metal behave quantum mechanically,
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๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Šน๊ฐ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ซ“์•„ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
04:55
we're going to have to kick out all the other passengers.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:57
And so that's what we did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”
04:59
We turned off the lights,
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๋ถˆ๋„ ๊ป๊ณ 
05:01
and then we put it in a vacuum and sucked out all the air,
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์ง„๊ณต ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋„ ์—†์•ด๊ณ 
05:03
and then we cooled it down
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์˜จ๋„๋„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์˜จ๋„ 0๋„์—
05:05
to just a fraction of a degree above absolute zero.
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์˜์ ๋ช‡๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:07
Now, all alone in the elevator,
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์— ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
05:09
the little chunk of metal is free to act however it wanted.
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธˆ์†์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ 
05:11
And so we measured its motion.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:13
We found it was moving in really weird ways.
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์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:15
Instead of just sitting perfectly still, it was vibrating,
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๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ง„๋™ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:18
and the way it was vibrating was breathing something like this --
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์ง„๋™์€ ๊ผญ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
05:21
like expanding and contracting bellows.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”
05:23
And by giving it a gentle nudge,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‚ด์ง ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ ค์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
05:25
we were able to make it both vibrate
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์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€
05:27
and not vibrate
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๋™์‹œ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋„๋ก
05:29
at the same time --
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:31
something that's only allowed with quantum mechanics.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:34
So what I'm telling you here is something truly fantastic.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฑธ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
05:37
What does it mean for one thing
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์—
05:39
to be both vibrating and not vibrating
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์ง„๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:41
at the same time?
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๋ฌด์–ผ ๋œปํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:43
So let's think about the atoms.
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์ž, ์šฐ์„  ์›์ž๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ 
05:45
So in one case:
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ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:47
all the trillions of atoms that make up that chunk of metal
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์ € ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์›์ž๋“ค์ด
05:50
are sitting still
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๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:52
and at the same time those same atoms
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์›์ž๋“ค์ด
05:54
are moving up and down.
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์œ„ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:56
Now it's only at precise times when they align.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋”ฑ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งž์„ ๋•Œ์—๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ •๋ ฌ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:59
The rest of the time they're delocalized.
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๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:01
That means that every atom
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๊ทธ๋ง์€, ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ž๊ฐ€
06:03
is in two different places at the same time,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
06:05
which in turn means the entire chunk of metal
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด
06:08
is in two different places.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
06:10
I think this is really cool.
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์ „ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
06:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:14
Really.
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์ •๋ง์ด์š”
06:16
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:19
It was worth locking myself in a clean room to do this for all those years
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๋ช‡๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํด๋ฆฐ๋ฃธ์— ์ณ๋ฐ•ํ˜€ ์žˆ์€ ๋ณด๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”
06:24
because, check this out,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
06:26
the difference in scale
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์›์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€
06:28
between a single atom and that chunk of metal
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์ € ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์ด
06:30
is about the same as the difference
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๊ทธ ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€์˜
06:32
between that chunk of metal and you.
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๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:34
So if a single atom can be in two different places at the same time,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํ•œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
06:37
that chunk of metal can be in two different places,
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์ € ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:40
then why not you?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์™œ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
06:42
I mean, this is just my logical side talking.
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์ œ๋ง์€, ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
06:46
So imagine if you're in multiple places at the same time,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์— ๋™์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
06:50
what would that be like?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
06:53
How would your consciousness
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์— ํฉ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:55
handle your body being delocalized in space?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์‹์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:59
There's one more part to the story.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง๋ถ™์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:01
It's when we warmed it up,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ 
07:03
and we turned on the lights and looked inside the box,
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๋น›์„ ์ชผ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒ์ž ์•ˆ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
07:06
we saw that the piece metal was still there in one piece.
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๊ทธ ๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:10
And so I had to develop this new intuition,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
07:13
that it seems like all the objects in the elevator
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์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š”
07:16
are really just quantum objects
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐ€์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ,
07:18
just crammed into a tiny space.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์  ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:20
You hear a lot of talk
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์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์—์„œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:22
about how quantum mechanics says that everything is all interconnected.
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์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:25
Well, that's not quite right.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ณ์€ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:27
It's more than that; it's deeper.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๊นŠ์ฃ .
07:30
It's that those connections,
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๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด
07:32
your connections to all the things around you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ฃผ์œ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด
07:35
literally define who you are,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ '์ •์˜'ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:38
and that's the profound weirdness of quantum mechanics.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š”, ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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