Steven Strogatz: How things in nature tend to sync up

236,742 views ใƒป 2008-12-23

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yong-Geun Song ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seungyeon Yoo
00:19
I was trying to think, how is sync connected to happiness,
0
19330
2000
์ €๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐํ™”์™€ ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
and it occurred to me that for some reason we take pleasure in synchronizing.
1
21330
7000
์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ์—์„œ์ธ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋™๊ธฐํ™” ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์–ป๊ณค ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:28
We like to dance together, we like singing together.
2
28330
3000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถค ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
And so, if you'll put up with this, I would like to enlist your help
3
31330
5000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฒซ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:36
with a first experiment today. The experiment is --
4
36330
4000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ --
00:40
and I notice, by the way, that when you applauded,
5
40330
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์น  ๋•Œ
00:43
that you did it in a typical North American way,
6
43330
2000
ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์ง€์—ญ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„ ,
00:45
that is, you were raucous and incoherent.
7
45330
4000
๋ฌด๊ทœ์น™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฐ๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
You were not organized. It didn't even occur to you to clap in unison.
8
49330
5000
๋„๋ฌด์ง€ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ด์งˆ ์•Š์€๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ณ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
00:54
Do you think you could do it? I would like to see if this audience would --
9
54330
4000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์ณ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”--
00:58
no, you haven't practiced, as far as I know --
10
58330
2000
์•„, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ -
01:00
can you get it together to clap in sync?
11
60330
3000
๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:04
(Clapping)
12
64330
9000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:14
Whoa! Now, that's what we call emergent behavior.
13
74330
2000
์™€! ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฐฝ๋ฐœ ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
(Laughter)
14
76330
2000
(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:18
So I didn't expect that, but -- I mean, I expected you could synchronize.
15
78330
4000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, -- ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋‹ค ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งž์ถฐ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์น  ์ˆ˜
01:22
It didn't occur to me you'd increase your frequency.
16
82330
3000
์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์น˜๋Š” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋นจ๋ผ์งˆ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณค ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
It's interesting.
17
85330
2000
์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:27
(Laughter)
18
87330
3000
(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:30
So what do we make of that? First of all, we know that you're all brilliant.
19
90330
4000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด๋ž€๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
This is a room full of intelligent people, highly sensitive.
20
94330
4000
์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค ์•ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ถ„๋“ค๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
01:38
Some trained musicians out there.
21
98330
3000
์ •์‹ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹  ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ์ €๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ตฌ์š”.
01:41
Is that what enabled you to synchronize?
22
101330
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:43
So to put the question a little more seriously,
23
103330
3000
์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ค„๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
01:46
let's ask ourselves what are the minimum requirements for what you just did,
24
106330
4000
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด
01:50
for spontaneous synchronization.
25
110330
3000
์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Do you need, for instance, to be as smart as you are?
26
113330
4000
์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด, ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:57
Do you even need a brain at all just to synchronize?
27
117330
7000
๋™๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธด ํ•œ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:04
Do you need to be alive? I mean, that's a spooky thought, right?
28
124330
5000
๊ณผ์—ฐ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ข€ ์„ฌ๋œฉํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ..
02:09
Inanimate objects that might spontaneously synchronize themselves.
29
129330
5000
์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๋ž€๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์กด์žฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:14
It's real. In fact, I'll try to explain today that sync is maybe one of,
30
134330
7000
๋‹ต์€ '์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€
02:21
if not one of the most, perhaps the most pervasive drive in all of nature.
31
141330
4000
๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์น™์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
It extends from the subatomic scale to the farthest reaches of the cosmos.
32
145330
6000
์ด๋Š” ์›์ž ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
It's a deep tendency toward order in nature
33
151330
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตํžˆ ๋“ค์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•์น™๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ,
02:35
that opposes what we've all been taught about entropy.
34
155330
3000
๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
I mean, I'm not saying the law of entropy is wrong -- it's not.
35
158330
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
But there is a countervailing force in the universe --
36
161330
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋ ค๋Š”,
02:43
the tendency towards spontaneous order. And so that's our theme.
37
163330
5000
์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•ญ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Now, to get into that, let me begin with what might have occurred to you immediately
38
168330
4000
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋–ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋˜์ง€
02:52
when you hear that we're talking about synchrony in nature,
39
172330
4000
๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋–ผ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
02:56
which is the glorious example of birds that flock together,
40
176330
6000
์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์•„๋งˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
03:02
or fish swimming in organized schools.
41
182330
4000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“œ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:06
So these are not particularly intelligent creatures,
42
186330
4000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ง€์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
03:10
and yet, as we'll see, they exhibit beautiful ballets.
43
190330
3000
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ตฐ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
This is from a BBC show called "Predators,"
44
195330
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ BBC ์—์„œ ํฌ์‹์ž๋“คPredators ์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
and what we're looking at here are examples of synchrony that have to do with defense.
45
197330
5000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„  ์ง€๊ธˆ ํฌ์‹์ž์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
When you're small and vulnerable, like these starlings,
46
203330
3000
์ž‘์€ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:26
or like the fish, it helps to swarm to avoid predators, to confuse predators.
47
206330
7000
ํฌ์‹์ž๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Let me be quiet for a second because this is so gorgeous.
48
215330
3000
์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ต‰์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:53
For a long time, biologists were puzzled by this behavior,
49
233330
3000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ณคํ˜น์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
wondering how it could be possible.
50
236330
2000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ํƒ“์ด์ง€์š”.
03:59
We're so used to choreography giving rise to synchrony.
51
239330
3000
์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ง€ํœ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
These creatures are not choreographed.
52
243330
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜๋„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
They're choreographing themselves.
53
245330
2000
์ด๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ง€ํœ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
And only today is science starting to figure out how it works.
54
249330
3000
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ์„œ์•ผ ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
I'll show you a computer model made by Iain Couzin, a researcher at Oxford,
55
253330
6000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ด์•ˆ ์ฟ ์žฐIan Kuzan ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:19
that shows how swarms work.
56
259330
2000
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
There are just three simple rules.
57
261330
2000
์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
First, all the individuals are only aware of their nearest neighbors.
58
264330
4000
์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ด์›ƒ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค.
04:29
Second, all the individuals have a tendency to line up.
59
269330
3000
๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ์ค„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And third, they're all attracted to each other,
60
273330
3000
์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:36
but they try to keep a small distance apart.
61
276330
2000
์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค.
04:39
And when you build those three rules in,
62
279330
3000
๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
04:42
automatically you start to see swarms
63
282330
2000
์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์‹  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋–ผ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋–ผ์™€
04:44
that look very much like fish schools or bird flocks.
64
284330
3000
๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Now, fish like to stay close together, about a body length apart.
65
288330
4000
๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ ๊ธธ์ด๋งŒํผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Birds try to stay about three or four body lengths apart.
66
292330
3000
์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์„œ๋„ˆ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
But except for that difference, the rules are the same for both.
67
295330
3000
๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Now, all this changes when a predator enters the scene.
68
304330
3000
์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
There's a fourth rule: when a predator's coming, get out of the way.
69
309330
5000
์ด ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์—์„œ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค- ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ”ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ.
05:23
Here on the model you see the predator attacking.
70
323330
3000
์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ƒ์— ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋จน์ด๊ฐ์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
The prey move out in random directions,
71
328330
2000
๋จน์ด๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ง์ณค๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
05:30
and then the rule of attraction brings them back together again,
72
330330
3000
์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์ ‘์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
so there's this constant splitting and reforming.
73
333330
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฉ์–ด์ง๊ณผ ๋ญ‰์นจ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
And you see that in nature.
74
337330
2000
์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Keep in mind that, although it looks as if each individual is acting to cooperate,
75
347330
6000
์œ ๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ํ˜‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋„
05:53
what's really going on is a kind of selfish Darwinian behavior.
76
353330
4000
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด ์ ์ž์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Each is scattering away at random to try to save its scales or feathers.
77
357330
4000
๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํฉ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
That is, out of the desire to save itself,
78
363330
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์š•๊ตฌ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„
06:06
each creature is following these rules,
79
366330
3000
๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
06:09
and that leads to something that's safe for all of them.
80
369330
2000
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Even though it looks like they're thinking as a group, they're not.
81
371330
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
You might wonder what exactly is the advantage to being in a swarm,
82
392330
3000
๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋“์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด,
06:35
so you can think of several.
83
395330
2000
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
As I say, if you're in a swarm, your odds of being the unlucky one
84
397330
4000
์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด, ํฐ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์œผ๋ฉด ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
06:41
are reduced as compared to a small group.
85
401330
3000
๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํฌ์‹์ž์˜ ๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
There are many eyes to spot danger.
86
405330
3000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ์ด ๋ณด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๋” ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
06:48
And you'll see in the example with the starlings, with the birds,
87
408330
7000
์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
06:55
when this peregrine hawk is about to attack them,
88
415330
2000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋…์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:57
that actually waves of panic can propagate,
89
417330
3000
์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋†€๋žŒ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด
07:00
sending messages over great distances.
90
420330
3000
์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋จผ ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
You'll see -- let's see, it's coming up possibly at the very end -- maybe not.
91
423330
8000
๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ... ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—, -- ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„ค์š”.
07:12
Information can be sent over half a kilometer away
92
432330
3000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ
07:15
in a very short time through this mechanism.
93
435330
3000
500m ๋ฐ”๊นฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Yes, it's happening here.
94
440330
2000
์˜ˆ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋„ค์š”.
07:22
See if you can see those waves propagating through the swarm.
95
442330
3000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
07:26
It's beautiful. The birds are, we sort of understand, we think,
96
446330
4000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„
07:30
from that computer model, what's going on.
97
450330
2000
์ƒˆ๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
As I say, it's just those three simple rules,
98
452330
2000
๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋Œ€๋กœ, ์˜ค์ง ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ
07:34
plus the one about watch out for predators.
99
454330
2000
ํฌ์‹์ž๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:36
There doesn't seem to be anything mystical about this.
100
456330
3000
์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋น„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
We don't, however, really understand at a mathematical level.
101
459330
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
I'm a mathematician. We would like to be able to understand better.
102
462330
4000
์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ข€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
I mean, I showed you a computer model, but a computer is not understanding.
103
466330
3000
๋น„๋ก ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
A computer is, in a way, just another experiment.
104
469330
3000
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
We would really like to have a deeper insight into how this works
105
472330
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด, ๊ณง
07:55
and to understand, you know, exactly where this organization comes from.
106
475330
5000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์งํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
How do the rules give rise to the patterns?
107
480330
2000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ–‰๋™ ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š”๊ฐ€?
08:02
There is one case that we have begun to understand better,
108
482330
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:05
and it's the case of fireflies.
109
485330
3000
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
If you see fireflies in North America,
110
488330
2000
๋ถ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:10
like so many North American sorts of things,
111
490330
2000
๋ถ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
08:12
they tend to be independent operators. They ignore each other.
112
492330
4000
๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ฃ .
08:16
They each do their own thing, flashing on and off,
113
496330
2000
์ฃผ์œ„์— ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑด ์—†๊ฑด ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š๊ณ 
08:18
paying no attention to their neighbors.
114
498330
2000
๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๊นœ๋นก๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
But in Southeast Asia -- places like Thailand or Malaysia or Borneo --
115
500330
5000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ€์ด, ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ค์˜ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ๋Š”
08:25
there's a beautiful cooperative behavior that occurs among male fireflies.
116
505330
5000
์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํ˜‘๋™ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
You can see it every night along the river banks.
117
510330
3000
๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค ๊ฐ•๋‘‘์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:33
The trees, mangrove trees, are filled with fireflies communicating with light.
118
513330
5000
๊ฐ•๋ณ€์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๋ถˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Specifically, it's male fireflies who are all flashing in perfect time together,
119
518330
5000
๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐํ™” ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค๋กœ
08:43
in perfect synchrony, to reinforce a message to the females.
120
523330
4000
๋™์‹œ์— ๊นœ๋นก๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์•”์ปท๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
And the message, as you can imagine, is "Come hither. Mate with me."
121
527330
4000
๊ทธ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š”, ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ, "์ด๋ฆฌ์™€, ๋‚˜์™€ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ž" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
(Music)
122
532330
6000
(์Œ์•…)
08:59
In a second I'm going to show you a slow motion of a single firefly
123
539330
4000
์ž ์‹œํ›„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
09:03
so that you can get a sense. This is a single frame.
124
543330
3000
ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์Šฌ๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Then on, and then off -- a 30th of a second, there.
125
546330
5000
์ผœ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๊บผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- 30์ดˆ ์ •๋„ ํ›„์—, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ.
09:11
And then watch this whole river bank, and watch how precise the synchrony is.
126
551330
4000
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
On, more on and then off.
127
558330
3000
๋ฐ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋” ๋ฐ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊บผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
The combined light from these beetles -- these are actually tiny beetles --
128
567330
3000
์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ถˆ๋น›์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฐ์•„์„œ
09:30
is so bright that fishermen out at sea can use them
129
570330
3000
๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ
09:33
as navigating beacons to find their way back to their home rivers. It's stunning.
130
573330
4000
์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
For a long time it was not believed
131
577330
2000
ํ”„๋žœ์‹œ์Šค ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž๋“ค์ด
09:39
when the first Western travelers, like Sir Francis Drake,
132
579330
3000
ํƒ€์ด์—์„œ ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:42
went to Thailand and came back with tales of this unbelievable spectacle.
133
582330
4000
์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
No one believed them.
134
586330
2000
์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:48
We don't see anything like this in Europe or in the West.
135
588330
3000
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„  ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ˆ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And for a long time, even after it was documented,
136
591330
3000
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๋œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„
09:54
it was thought to be some kind of optical illusion.
137
594330
2000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ™˜๊ฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Scientific papers were published saying it was twitching eyelids
138
596330
3000
๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ๊บผํ’€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ จ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
09:59
that explained it, or, you know, a human being's tendency
139
599330
4000
๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
10:03
to see patterns where there are none.
140
603330
2000
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ ํƒ“์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
But I hope you've convinced yourself now, with this nighttime video,
141
605330
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„  ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:08
that they really were very well synchronized.
142
608330
3000
๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Okay, well, the issue then is, do we need to be alive
143
611330
3000
์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์งˆ์„œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:14
to see this kind of spontaneous order,
144
614330
2000
์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
and I've already hinted that the answer is no.
145
616330
3000
์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:21
Well, you don't have to be a whole creature.
146
621330
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ผ ํ•„์š”์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
You can even be just a single cell.
147
623330
2000
๊ทธ์ € ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์—ฌ๋„ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:25
Like, take, for instance, your pacemaker cells in your heart right now.
148
625330
3000
์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š”
10:28
They're keeping you alive.
149
628330
2000
์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์กฐ์ ˆ์„ธํฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
Every beat of your heart depends on this crucial region, the sinoatrial node,
150
630330
5000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐ•๋™์€ '๋™๋ฐฉ๊ฒฐ์ ˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:35
which has about 10,000 independent cells that would each beep,
151
635330
4000
์ด ๋ถ€์œ„๋Š” ์•ฝ 1๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:39
have an electrical rhythm -- a voltage up and down --
152
639330
3000
์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ „์••์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‚ด๋ฆผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฏธ์ปฌํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด
10:42
to send a signal to the ventricles to pump.
153
642330
3000
์‹ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋˜์–ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Now, your pacemaker is not a single cell.
154
645330
3000
์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ํŠน์ • ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ง€ํœ˜ ํ•˜์— ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
It's this democracy of 10,000 cells that all have to fire in unison
155
648330
3000
์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐ•๋™ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
10:51
for the pacemaker to work correctly.
156
651330
2000
1๋งŒ์—ฌ ๊ฐœ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ํ•ฉ์˜์ฒด์ œ โ€“ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ฌ๋ฐ• ์กฐ์ ˆ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
I don't want to give you the idea that synchrony is always a good idea.
157
654330
3000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
If you have epilepsy, there is an instance of billions of brain cells, or at least millions,
158
657330
5000
๊ฐ„์งˆ ๋ฐœ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ตœ์†Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ์˜ ๋‡Œ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด
11:02
discharging in pathological concert.
159
662330
3000
๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐฉ์ „๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
So this tendency towards order is not always a good thing.
160
666330
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ์„œ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:10
You don't have to be alive. You don't have to be even a single cell.
161
670330
3000
๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ผ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ์ผ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
If you look, for instance, at how lasers work,
162
673330
3000
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ ˆ์ด์ € Laser ๊ด‘์„ ์€
11:16
that would be a case of atomic synchrony.
163
676330
3000
์›์ž ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃธ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
In a laser, what makes laser light so different from the light above my head here
164
679330
4000
๋ ˆ์ด์ €๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์˜ ์กฐ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌํƒ€ ๋น›๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€
11:23
is that this light is incoherent --
165
683330
2000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๋ช…์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒ‰๊น”๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ
11:25
many different colors and different frequencies,
166
685330
3000
์•„๊นŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:28
sort of like the way you clapped initially --
167
688330
3000
์ž˜ ์ •๋ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ,
11:31
but if you were a laser, it would be rhythmic applause.
168
691330
3000
๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
It would be all atoms pulsating in unison,
169
694330
2000
๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ž๋“ค์ด ์ผ์น˜๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ง„๋™ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
11:36
emitting light of one color, one frequency.
170
696330
3000
ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น”, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋น›์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
Now comes the very risky part of my talk,
171
700330
3000
์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
which is to demonstrate that inanimate things can synchronize.
172
703330
4000
๋ฌด์ƒ๋ฌผ๋„ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
Hold your breath for me.
173
707330
2000
์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ์ˆจ์„ ์ฐธ์•„ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
11:49
What I have here are two empty water bottles.
174
709330
4000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋นˆ ๋ฌผ๋ณ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
This is not Keith Barry doing a magic trick.
175
716330
2000
์ด๊ฑด ์ผ€์ด์Šค ๋ฐฐ๋ฆฌ Keith Barry* ์˜ ๋งˆ์ˆ  ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  (* Keith Barry: TV ๋งˆ์ˆ ์‡ผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋งˆ์ˆ ์‚ฌ)
11:58
This is a klutz just playing with some water bottles.
176
718330
5000
๋ฌผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
I have some metronomes here.
177
723330
2000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋†ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋†“๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Can you hear that?
178
728330
2000
๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ฃ ?
12:12
All right, so, I've got a metronome,
179
732330
2000
์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋†ˆ์œผ๋กœ,
12:14
and it's the world's smallest metronome, the -- well, I shouldn't advertise.
180
734330
4000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋†ˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, -- ์•„, ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜์ง€...
12:18
Anyway, so this is the world's smallest metronome.
181
738330
3000
์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋†ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
I've set it on the fastest setting, and I'm going to now take
182
741330
3000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์„ค์ •์— ๋‘๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ
12:24
another one set to the same setting.
183
744330
2000
๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์„ค์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋†“๊ณ  ํ‹€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
We can try this first. If I just put them on the table together,
184
748330
3000
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์— ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
12:33
there's no reason for them to synchronize, and they probably won't.
185
753330
3000
์ด ๋‘˜์ด ๋™๊ธฐํ™”ํ•  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ์•„๋งˆ ๋˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
Maybe you'd better listen to them. I'll stand here.
186
762330
2000
์ž ์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„œ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:49
What I'm hoping is that they might just drift apart
187
769330
2000
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ญ˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ๋ฐ•์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:51
because their frequencies aren't perfectly the same.
188
771330
2000
์ ์  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:01
Right? They did.
189
781330
2000
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
They were in sync for a while, but then they drifted apart.
190
783330
2000
์ž ์‹œ๋™์•ˆ์€ ๋™๊ธฐํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
And the reason is that they're not able to communicate.
191
787330
2000
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘˜ ๊ฐ„์— ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
Now, you might think that's a bizarre idea.
192
789330
2000
์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
How can metronomes communicate?
193
791330
2000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋†ˆ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:14
Well, they can communicate through mechanical forces.
194
794330
3000
์ด ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋†ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
So I'm going to give them a chance to do that.
195
797330
2000
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
I also want to wind this one up a bit. How can they communicate?
196
799330
3000
์ผ๋‹จ ํƒœ์—ฝ์„ ์ข€ ๊ฐ์•„์ค˜์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ์ž- ์ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:22
I'm going to put them on a movable platform,
197
802330
2000
์ด ๋‘˜์„ "Guide to Graduate Study at Cornell" ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
13:24
which is the "Guide to Graduate Study at Cornell." Okay? So here it is.
198
804330
9000
์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์นจ ์œ„์— ๋†“๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋์ฃ ?
13:33
Let's see if we can get this to work.
199
813330
2000
์ด์ œ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ๋™๊ธฐํ™” ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฃ .
13:37
My wife pointed out to me that it will work better if I put both on at the same time
200
817330
4000
์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:41
because otherwise the whole thing will tip over.
201
821330
2000
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค ๋’ค์ง‘ํžํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:43
All right. So there we go. Let's see. OK, I'm not trying to cheat --
202
823330
7000
๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํŠธ๋ฆญ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
let me start them out of sync. No, hard to even do that.
203
830330
5000
์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํž˜๋“ค๊ตฐ์š”.
14:08
(Applause)
204
848330
4000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:12
All right. So before any one goes out of sync, I'll just put those right there.
205
852330
5000
์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋†ˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์–ผ๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋†“๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
(Laughter)
206
857330
1000
(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:18
Now, that might seem a bit whimsical,
207
858330
2000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์ƒํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
but this pervasiveness of this tendency towards spontaneous order
208
860330
5000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์งํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
14:25
sometimes has unexpected consequences.
209
865330
4000
์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
And a clear case of that,
210
869330
2000
์•„์ฃผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ,
14:31
was something that happened in London in the year 2000.
211
871330
3000
2000 ๋…„์— ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
The Millennium Bridge was supposed to be the pride of London --
212
874330
3000
๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ 100๋…„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
14:37
a beautiful new footbridge erected across the Thames,
213
877330
4000
ํ…œ์ฆˆ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ๊ฑด๋„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ์„œ
14:41
first river crossing in over 100 years in London.
214
881330
4000
๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์ž๋ž‘์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
There was a big competition for the design of this bridge,
215
885330
3000
๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ต๊ฐ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝํ•ฉ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
14:48
and the winning proposal was submitted by an unusual team --
216
888330
4000
์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ -- ์‚ฌ์‹ค TED ์ •์‹ ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ --
14:52
in the TED spirit, actually -- of an architect --
217
892330
3000
์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฅด๋งŒ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ Lord Norman Foster ๊ณต์ด
14:55
perhaps the greatest architect in the United Kingdom, Lord Norman Foster --
218
895330
4000
์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ€์ธ ์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ ์นด๋กœ Sir Antony Caro ๊ฒฝ,
14:59
working with an artist, a sculptor, Sir Anthony Caro,
219
899330
5000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฒ  ์•„๋ฃน Ove Arup ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
15:04
and an engineering firm, Ove Arup.
220
904330
4000
์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
And together they submitted a design based on Lord Foster's vision,
221
908330
5000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์ธ ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ๊ณ ๋“ *์—์„œ ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•œ (* Flash Gordon: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ „SF๋ฌผ๋กœ, ์˜ˆ์ผ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ž˜์ƒ๊ธด ํด๋กœ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ๊ณ ๋“  ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจํ—˜๋‹ด)
15:13
which was -- he remembered as a kid reading Flash Gordon comic books,
222
913330
4000
์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
and he said that when Flash Gordon would come to an abyss,
223
917330
3000
ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ๊ณ ๋“ ์ด ์•”ํ‘๋ฏธ๊ถ์— ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
15:20
he would shoot what today would be a kind of a light saber.
224
920330
3000
์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฉด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ด‘์„ ๊ฒ€ Light saber ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
He would shoot his light saber across the abyss, making a blade of light,
225
923330
4000
ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ๊ณ ๋“ ์ด ๊ด‘์„ ๊ฒ€์„ ํœ˜๋‘๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•”ํ‘๋ฏธ๊ถ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์นผ๋‚ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ ,
15:27
and then scamper across on this blade of light.
226
927330
2000
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์นผ๋‚ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์‚ผ์•„ ๋ฏธ๊ถ์„ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:29
He said, "That's the vision I want to give to London.
227
929330
2000
ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณต์€, "์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ํ”ˆ ๋น„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
I want a blade of light across the Thames."
228
931330
3000
ํ…œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ๊ฒ€์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
So they built the blade of light,
229
935330
2000
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น›์˜ ๊ฒ€์€ ์–‡์€ ๊ฐ•์ฒ  ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ์ด
15:37
and it's a very thin ribbon of steel, the world's --
230
937330
6000
๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์˜ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ,
15:43
probably the flattest and thinnest suspension bridge there is,
231
943330
3000
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŽธํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ์–‡์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋Š”
15:46
with cables that are out on the side.
232
946330
3000
ํ˜„์ˆ˜๊ต์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
You're used to suspension bridges with big droopy cables on the top.
233
949330
3000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ ๋Š˜์–ด์ง„ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ˜„์ˆ˜๊ต์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์—๋Š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
These cables were on the side of the bridge,
234
952330
3000
์ด ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์–‘์ชฝ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
15:55
like if you took a rubber band and stretched it taut across the Thames --
235
955330
4000
๊ณ ๋ฌด ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ…œ์ฆˆ๊ฐ• ์–‘์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํŒฝํŒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žก์•„๋‹น๊ธด ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ
15:59
that's what's holding up this bridge.
236
959330
2000
๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
Now, everyone was very excited to try it out.
237
961330
2000
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
On opening day, thousands of Londoners came out, and something happened.
238
963330
5000
๊ฐœ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
And within two days the bridge was closed to the public.
239
968330
4000
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์žฅํ•œ ์ง€ ๋‹จ ์ดํ‹€ ๋งŒ์— ํ์‡„๋˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
So I want to first show you some interviews with people
240
972330
5000
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋‹น์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
16:17
who were on the bridge on opening day, who will describe what happened.
241
977330
3000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๊ฑด์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
16:20
Man: It really started moving sideways and slightly up and down,
242
980330
5000
๋‚จ์ž : ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์œ„ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์š”๋™์„ ์ณ์„œ,
16:25
rather like being on the boat.
243
985330
3000
๊ผญ ๋ณดํŠธ ์œ„์— ์„œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
16:28
Woman: Yeah, it felt unstable, and it was very windy,
244
988330
3000
์—ฌ์ž: ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
16:31
and I remember it had lots of flags up and down the sides, so you could definitely --
245
991330
4000
๊นƒ๋ฐœ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์š”๋™์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ --
16:35
there was something going on sideways, it felt, maybe.
246
995330
3000
๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์–‘ ์ชฝ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ๋Š๋‚Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์•„๋งˆ์š”.
16:38
Interviewer: Not up and down? Boy: No.
247
998330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์›€์ง์˜€๋‚˜์š”? ์†Œ๋…„: ์•„๋‡จ.
16:40
Interviewer: And not forwards and backwards? Boy: No.
248
1000330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์›€์ง์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”? ์†Œ๋…„: ์•„๋‡จ
16:42
Interviewer: Just sideways. About how much was it moving, do you think?
249
1002330
3000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์–‘์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์›€์ง์˜€๋‹จ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์›€์ง์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”?
16:45
Boy: It was about --
250
1005330
2000
์†Œ๋…„: ๋Œ€๋žต ์ด๋งŒํผ--
16:47
Interviewer: I mean, that much, or this much?
251
1007330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์ด ์ •๋„์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด ์ •๋„์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
16:49
Boy: About the second one.
252
1009330
2000
์†Œ๋…„: ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ •๋„์š”.
16:51
Interviewer: This much? Boy: Yeah.
253
1011330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์ด ์ •๋„์š”? ์†Œ๋…„: ๋„ค.
16:53
Man: It was at least six, six to eight inches, I would have thought.
254
1013330
3000
๋‚จ์ž: ๋Š๋‚Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 6, 8 ์ธ์น˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์›€์ง์˜€์–ด์š”.
16:56
Interviewer: Right, so, at least this much? Man: Oh, yes.
255
1016330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ด ์ •๋„ ๋ง์”€์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋‚จ์ž: ์•„, ๋„ค.
16:58
Woman: I remember wanting to get off.
256
1018330
2000
์—ฌ์ž: ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
17:00
Interviewer: Oh, did you? Woman: Yeah. It felt odd.
257
1020330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ์š”? ์—ฌ์ž: ๋„ค. ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์ด์ƒํ•ด์„œ์š”.
17:02
Interviewer: So it was enough to be scary? Woman: Yeah, but I thought that was just me.
258
1022330
6000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์„œ์› ๋‚˜์š”? ์—ฌ์ž: ๋„ค. ์ €๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๊ธด ํ•ด๋„์š”.
17:08
Interviewer: Ah! Now, tell me why you had to do this?
259
1028330
3000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์•„! ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„๋ž˜์š”?
17:11
Boy: We had to do this because, to keep in balance
260
1031330
2000
์†Œ๋…„: ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ์žก์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
17:13
because if you didn't keep your balance,
261
1033330
2000
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
17:15
then you would just fall over about, like, to the left or right, about 45 degrees.
262
1035330
6000
์™ผ์ชฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
17:21
Interviewer: So just show me how you walk normally. Right.
263
1041330
4000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ‰์†Œ์—” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„๋ž˜์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
17:26
And then show me what it was like when the bridge started to go. Right.
264
1046330
5000
์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์œ„์—์„  ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
So you had to deliberately push your feet out sideways and --
265
1051330
4000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐœ์„ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  --
17:35
oh, and short steps?
266
1055330
2000
์•„, ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ์งง๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”?
17:37
Man: That's right. And it seemed obvious to me
267
1057330
3000
๋‚จ์ž: ๋„ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
17:40
that it was probably the number of people on it.
268
1060330
3000
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
17:44
Interviewer: Were they deliberately walking in step, or anything like that?
269
1064330
4000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑธ์€๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
17:48
Man: No, they just had to conform to the movement of the bridge.
270
1068330
4000
๋‚จ์ž: ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋งž์ถ”๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
17:52
Steven Strogatz: All right, so that already gives you a hint of what happened.
271
1072330
3000
์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฐ€ํŠธ Steven Strogatz: ์ž, ์ด์ œ ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ์…จ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
Think of the bridge as being like this platform.
272
1075330
4000
์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
17:59
Think of the people as being like metronomes.
273
1079330
3000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋กœ๋†ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
Now, you might not be used to thinking of yourself as a metronome,
274
1082330
3000
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ข…์ข… ํ•ด๋ดค์Œ์งํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ-
18:05
but after all, we do walk like -- I mean, we oscillate back and forth as we walk.
275
1085330
4000
์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑท์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑท๋Š”๋‹จ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
18:09
And especially if we start to walk like those people did, right?
276
1089330
3000
ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์•„๊นŒ ๋ณด์‹  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
18:12
They all showed this strange sort of skating gait
277
1092330
4000
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
18:16
that they adopted once the bridge started to move.
278
1096330
3000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŒ… ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๊ฑธ์ด๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
And so let me show you now the footage of the bridge.
279
1099330
3000
์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
But also, after you see the bridge on opening day, you'll see an interesting clip
280
1102330
4000
์ด์ œ ๊ฐœ์žฅ์‹๋‚ ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ
18:26
of work done by a bridge engineer at Cambridge named Allan McRobie,
281
1106330
5000
์•Œ๋ž€ ๋งฅ๋กœ๋น„ Allan McRobie ๊ฐ€, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ผ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
18:31
who figured out what happened on the bridge,
282
1111330
2000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ธ
18:33
and who built a bridge simulator to explain exactly what the problem was.
283
1113330
4000
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:37
It was a kind of unintended positive feedback loop
284
1117330
4000
์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑธ์Œ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์˜
18:41
between the way the people walked and the way the bridge began to move,
285
1121330
3000
์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์–‘์„ฑ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
18:44
that engineers knew nothing about.
286
1124330
2000
์„ค๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ์ƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
18:46
Actually, I think the first person you'll see
287
1126330
2000
์•„๋งˆ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์‹ค ๋ถ„์ด
18:48
is the young engineer who was put in charge of this project. Okay.
288
1128330
4000
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์ผ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
18:53
(Video) Interviewer: Did anyone get hurt? Engineer: No.
289
1133330
2000
(์˜์ƒ): ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๋‹ค์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด: ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค.
18:55
Interviewer: Right. So it was quite small -- Engineer: Yes. Interviewer: -- but real?
290
1135330
3000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถˆ์ƒ์‚ฌ -- ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด: ์˜ˆ. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
18:58
Engineer: Absolutely. Interviewer: You thought, "Oh, bother."
291
1138330
3000
์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด: ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
19:01
Engineer: I felt I was disappointed about it.
292
1141330
3000
์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด: ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์ผ์— ๋‚™๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
We'd spent a lot of time designing this bridge, and we'd analyzed it,
293
1144330
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์†Œ๋ชจํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
19:08
we'd checked it to codes -- to heavier loads than the codes --
294
1148330
3000
๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ -- ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทœ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š”์ง€ -- ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
19:11
and here it was doing something that we didn't know about.
295
1151330
3000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
Interviewer: You didn't expect. Engineer: Exactly.
296
1154330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ตฐ์š”. ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด: ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:16
Narrator: The most dramatic and shocking footage
297
1156330
3000
๋‚˜๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ: ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
19:19
shows whole sections of the crowd -- hundreds of people --
298
1159330
3000
์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์ด
19:22
apparently rocking from side to side in unison,
299
1162330
2000
๋ฐ•์ž๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ์–‘ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ตด๋ €๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
not only with each other, but with the bridge.
300
1164330
3000
์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•์ž๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆผ๊ณผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
19:27
This synchronized movement seemed to be driving the bridge.
301
1167330
4000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:31
But how could the crowd become synchronized?
302
1171330
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
19:34
Was there something special about the Millennium Bridge that caused this effect?
303
1174330
4000
๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
19:38
This was to be the focus of the investigation.
304
1178330
4000
์ด ์ ์— ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด›์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์กŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
Interviewer: Well, at last the simulated bridge is finished, and I can make it wobble.
305
1182330
6000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์ผ๋‹จ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ์™„์„ฑ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ”๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
19:49
Now, Allan, this is all your fault, isn't it? Allan McRobie: Yes.
306
1189330
4000
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•Œ๋ž€, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชซ์ด์ฃ ? ์•Œ๋ž€ ๋งฅ๋กœ๋น„: ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:53
Interviewer: You designed this, yes, this simulated bridge,
307
1193330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธ, ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
19:55
and this, you reckon, mimics the action of the real bridge?
308
1195330
3000
์‹ค์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ?
19:58
AM: It captures a lot of the physics, yes.
309
1198330
2000
์•Œ๋ž€: ์—ญํ•™๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค์„ ๋™์›ํ•ด์„œ์š”. ๋„ค.
20:00
Interviewer: Right. So if we get on it, we should be able to wobble it, yes?
310
1200330
3000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”?
20:06
Allan McRobie is a bridge engineer from Cambridge who wrote to me,
311
1206330
3000
์•Œ๋ž€ ๋งฅ๋กœ๋น„๋Š” ์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋กœ,
20:09
suggesting that a bridge simulator ought to wobble
312
1209330
3000
์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธธ์ด๋กœ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€
20:12
in the same way as the real bridge --
313
1212330
2000
๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š”
20:14
provided we hung it on pendulums of exactly the right length.
314
1214330
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:16
AM: This one's only a couple of tons, so it's fairly easy to get going.
315
1216330
3000
์•Œ๋ž€: ์ด๊ฑด ๋ช‡ ํ†ค ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:19
Just by walking. Interviewer: Well, it's certainly going now.
316
1219330
3000
-- ๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ์š”. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
20:22
AM: It doesn't have to be a real dangle. Just walk. It starts to go.
317
1222330
3000
์•Œ๋ž€: ์ขŒ์šฐ๋กœ ํ”๋“ค ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด ๊ทธ์ € ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฑธ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:25
Interviewer: It's actually quite difficult to walk.
318
1225330
3000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ ๋ฐ์š”.
20:28
You have to be careful where you put your feet down, don't you,
319
1228330
3000
๋ฐœ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“์„ ๋•Œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
20:31
because if you get it wrong, it just throws you off your feet.
320
1231330
3000
์ž˜๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์„ ํ—›๋””๋ŽŒ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
20:34
AM: It certainly affects the way you walk, yes. You can't walk normally on it.
321
1234330
4000
์•Œ๋ž€: ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ฑธ์Œ๊ฑธ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ . ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
Interviewer: No. If you try and put one foot in front of another,
322
1239330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
20:41
it's moving your feet away from under you. AM: Yes.
323
1241330
3000
๋ฐœ์ด ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„  ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋„ค์š”. ์•Œ๋ž€: ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
20:44
Interviewer: So you've got to put your feet out sideways.
324
1244330
2000
์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์–ด: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐœ์„ ์–‘ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
20:47
So already, the simulator is making me walk in exactly the same way
325
1247330
3000
๋ฒŒ์จ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
20:50
as our witnesses walked on the real bridge.
326
1250330
2000
๋ง ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฑท๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
20:52
AM: ... ice-skating gait. There isn't all this sort of snake way of walking.
327
1252330
3000
์•Œ๋ž€: ... ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”. ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€์š”.
20:55
Interviewer: For a more convincing experiment,
328
1255330
2000
๋‚˜๋ ˆ์ด์…˜: ์ข€ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
20:57
I wanted my own opening-day crowd, the sound check team.
329
1257330
3000
์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์žฅ์‹ ์ธํŒŒ, ์กฐ์‚ฌํŒ€์„ ๋™์›ํ•ด ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:00
Their instructions: just walk normally.
330
1260330
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‰์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฑท๋„๋ก ์ง€์‹œ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:12
It's really intriguing because none of these people is trying to drive it.
331
1272330
4000
์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:16
They're all having some difficulty walking.
332
1276330
2000
๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑท๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:19
And the only way you can walk comfortably is by getting in step.
333
1279330
3000
์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋„๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:22
But then, of course, everyone is driving the bridge.
334
1282330
3000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:27
You can't help it. You're actually forced by the movement of the bridge to get into step,
335
1287330
5000
์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑธ์Œ์„ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
21:32
and therefore to drive it to move further.
336
1292330
2000
๊ทธ ๊ฑธ์Œ๊ฑธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํ”๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:38
SS: All right, well, with that from the Ministry of Silly Walks,
337
1298330
4000
์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฐ€์ธ : ์ž, ์ด์ œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ๊ฑธ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
21:42
maybe I'd better end. I see I've gone over.
338
1302330
3000
๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:45
But I hope that you'll go outside and see the world in a new way,
339
1305330
3000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ข€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ,
21:48
to see all the amazing synchrony around us. Thank you.
340
1308330
3000
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋™๊ธฐํ™”๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:51
(Applause)
341
1311330
2000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7