How we're building the world's largest family tree | Yaniv Erlich

41,429 views ใƒป 2019-10-18

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Hajeong Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:12
People use the internet for various reasons.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
It turns out that one of the most popular categories of website
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
00:21
is something that people typically consume in private.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
It involves curiosity,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ
00:28
non-insignificant levels of self-indulgence
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๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ข…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉฐ
00:31
and is centered around recording the reproductive activities
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์‹ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
of other people.
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00:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:37
Of course, I'm talking about genealogy --
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
00:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:41
the study of family history.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
When it comes to detailing family history,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
00:45
in every family, we have this person that is obsessed with genealogy.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์กฑ๋ณด์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:49
Let's call him Uncle Bernie.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ ์‚ผ์ดŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:51
Uncle Bernie is exactly the last person you want to sit next to
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์ถ”์ˆ˜๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋งŒ์ฐฌ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ ์‚ผ์ดŒ ์˜†์—๋Š” ์•‰์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
in Thanksgiving dinner,
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00:56
because he will bore you to death with peculiar details
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์นœ์ฒ™๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ
00:59
about some ancient relatives.
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:02
But as you know,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
01:03
there is a scientific side for everything,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:06
and we found that Uncle Bernie's stories
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ ์‚ผ์ดŒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช… ์˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—
01:09
have immense potential for biomedical research.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
We let Uncle Bernie and his fellow genealogists
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ ์‚ผ์ดŒ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
01:16
document their family trees through a genealogy website called geni.com.
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์ง€๋‹ˆ๋‹ท์ปด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
When users upload their trees to the website,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด,
01:23
it scans their relatives,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์นœ์ฒ™์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
01:25
and if it finds matches to existing trees,
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด
01:27
it merges the existing and the new tree together.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฒ„์ „๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
The result is that large family trees are created,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋„˜๋Š”
01:34
beyond the individual level of each genealogist.
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๋” ํฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Now, by repeating this process with millions of people
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
01:42
all over the world,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
01:44
we can crowdsource the construction of a family tree of all humankind.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์†Œ์‹ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Using this website,
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
01:52
we were able to connect 125 million people
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1์–ต 2์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
01:57
into a single family tree.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
I cannot draw the tree on the screens over here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์— ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆœ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
because they have less pixels
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์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค
02:05
than the number of people in this tree.
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ํ”ฝ์…€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:08
But here is an example of a subset of 6,000 individuals.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 6000๋ช…์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Each green node is a person.
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๊ฐ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ ์€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
The red nodes represent marriages,
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๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ์š”.
02:19
and the connections represent parenthood.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
In the middle of this tree, you see the ancestors.
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์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„ ์ค‘์•™์—๋Š” ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
02:24
And as we go to the periphery, you see the descendants.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ž์†๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
This tree has seven generations, approximately.
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์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 7์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
02:31
Now, this is what happens when we increase the number of individuals
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ 7๋งŒ ๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š˜๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
02:34
to 70,000 people --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:36
still a tiny subset of all the data that we have.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Despite that, you can already see the formation of gigantic family trees
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋จผ ์นœ์ฒ™๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ
02:46
with many very distant relatives.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Thanks to the hard work of our genealogists,
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๊ณ  ๋•๋ถ„์—
02:52
we can go back in time hundreds of years ago.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ์ „ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
For example, here is Alexander Hamilton,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
who was born in 1755.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 1755๋…„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
03:02
Alexander was the first US Secretary of the Treasury,
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์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ์žฌ๋ฌด ์žฅ๊ด€์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:06
but mostly known today due to a popular Broadway musical.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฑด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋“œ์›จ์ด ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ ๋•ํƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:11
We found that Alexander has deeper connections in the showbiz industry.
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์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์˜ˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๊นŠ์€ ์—ฐ์ค„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
In fact, he's a blood relative of ...
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์นœ์ฒ™ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Kevin Bacon!
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผ€๋นˆ ๋ฒ ์ด์ปจ์ด๋ž‘์š”!
03:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:22
Both of them are descendants of a lady from Scotland
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ธ์˜ ํ›„์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
who lived in the 13th century.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 13์„ธ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ .
03:27
So you can say that Alexander Hamilton
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์™€ ์ผ€๋นˆ ๋ฒ ์ด์ปจ์€
03:30
is 35 degrees of Kevin Bacon genealogy.
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35๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์นœ์ฒ™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:34
And our tree has millions of stories like that.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
We invested significant efforts to validate the quality of our data.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Using DNA, we found that .3 percent of the mother-child connections in our data
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DNA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ค‘ 0.3%๊ฐ€
03:50
are wrong,
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์ž˜๋ชป๋๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
which could match the adoption rate in the US pre-Second World War.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ด์ „ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž…์–‘๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
For the father's side,
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:58
the news is not as good:
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๋” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
04:02
1.9 percent of the father-child connections in our data are wrong.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” 1.9%์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
And I see some people smirk over here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
04:10
It is what you think --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
04:11
there are many milkmen out there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—” ๋งŽ์€ ์šฐ์œ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:14
However, this 1.9 percent error rate in patrilineal connections
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ณ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ 1.9% ์˜ค์ฐจ์œจ์ด
04:18
is not unique to our data.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Previous studies found a similar error rate
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์ž„์ƒ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋„
04:23
using clinical-grade pedigrees.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜ค์ฐจ์œจ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
So the quality of our data is good,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
04:28
and that should not be a surprise.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
Our genealogists have a profound, vested interest
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
04:34
in correctly documenting their family history.
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๊นŠ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋“๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
We can leverage this data to learn quantitative information about humanity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–‘์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
for example, questions about demography.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:47
Here is a look at all our profiles on the map of the world.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ง€๋„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ•„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Each pixel is a person that lived at some point.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ”ฝ์…€์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
And since we have so much data,
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์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
04:58
you can see the contours of many countries,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค, ํŠนํžˆ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
05:01
especially in the Western world.
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
In this clip, we stratified the map that I've showed you
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์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ธตํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
based on the year of births of individuals from 1400 to 1900,
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1400๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1900๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์š”.
05:12
and we compared it to known migration events.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ด์ฃผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:15
The clip is going to show you that the deepest lineages in our data
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์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ํ˜ˆํ†ต์ด ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ฉด
05:18
go all the way back to the UK,
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์˜๊ตญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
where they had better record keeping,
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ์ž˜ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:22
and then they spread along the routes of Western colonialism.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์‹๋ฏผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ฃจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Let's watch this.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
05:27
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
05:28
[Year of birth: ]
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[์ถœ์ƒ์—ฐ๋„]
05:31
[1492 - Columbus sails the ocean blue]
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[1492 - ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค ๋Œ€์–‘ ํ•ญํ•ด]
05:35
[1620 - Mayflower lands in Massachusetts]
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[1620 - ๋ฉ”์ดํ”Œ๋ผ์›Œํ˜ธ ๋งค์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ  ์ƒ๋ฅ™]
05:38
[1652 - Dutch settle in South Africa]
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[1652 - ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์ธ ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ •์ฐฉ]
05:44
[1788 - Great Britain penal transportation to Australia starts]
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[1788 - ๋Œ€์˜์ œ๊ตญ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฐฐ ์‹œ์ž‘]
[1836 - ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๊ฑด ์‚ฐ๊ธธ ์ด์šฉ]
05:47
[1836 - First migrants use Oregon Trail]
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05:50
[all activity]
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[๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ๋™]
05:55
I love this movie.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Now, since these migration events are giving the context of families,
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์ด ์ด์ฃผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:02
we can ask questions such as:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
What is the typical distance between the birth locations
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๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:08
of husbands and wives?
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06:11
This distance plays a pivotal role in demography,
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์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
because the patterns in which people migrate to form families
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ด
06:18
determine how genes spread in geographical areas.
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์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:22
We analyzed this distance using our data,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:25
and we found that in the old days,
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์˜›๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
people had it easy.
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06:28
They just married someone in the village nearby.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
But the Industrial Revolution really complicated our love life.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์• ์ •์ƒํ™œ์„ ์ •๋ง ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
And today, with affordable flights and online social media,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ณตํŽธ๊ณผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
06:40
people typically migrate more than 100 kilometers from their place of birth
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ถœ์ƒ์ง€์—์„œ 100km ์ด์ƒ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:45
to find their soul mate.
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์†Œ์šธ๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:48
So now you might ask:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด,
06:49
OK, but who does the hard work of migrating from places to places
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์ €๊ณณ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š”
06:54
to form families?
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ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
06:55
Are these the males or the females?
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:59
We used our data to address this question,
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:01
and at least in the last 300 years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ง€๋‚œ 300๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
07:04
we found that the ladies do the hard work
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ด ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:08
of migrating from places to places to form families.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๊ณณ์ €๊ณณ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ด์š”.
07:11
Now, these results are statistically significant,
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์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
so you can take it as scientific fact that males are lazy.
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:21
We can move from questions about demography
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
07:23
and ask questions about human health.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
For example, we can ask
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:28
to what extent genetic variations account for differences in life span
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์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
07:33
between individuals.
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๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
Previous studies analyzed the correlation of longevity between twins
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์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด์˜ ์žฅ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
to address this question.
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07:41
They estimated that the genetic variations account for
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฐจ์ด์˜
07:44
about a quarter of the differences in life span between individuals.
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์•ฝ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
But twins can be correlated due to so many reasons,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:51
including various environmental effects
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์ด๋‚˜
07:53
or a shared household.
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๊ณต๋™ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:56
Large family trees give us the opportunity to analyze both close relatives,
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ํฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ์ฒ™ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
such as twins,
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์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด์™€ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
08:01
all the way to distant relatives, even fourth cousins.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด 10์ดŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋จผ ์นœ์ฒ™๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
08:04
This way we can build robust models
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:07
that can tease apart the contribution of genetic variations
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
from environmental factors.
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08:13
We conducted this analysis using our data,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:16
and we found that genetic variations explain only 15 percent
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์œ ์ „์  ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ฐจ์ด ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 15%๋งŒ์„
08:22
of the differences in life span between individuals.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
That is five years, on average.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 5๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
So genes matter less than what we thought before to life span.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ์žˆ์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
And I find it great news,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
because it means that our actions can matter more.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:42
Smoking, for example, determines 10 years of our life expectancy --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํก์—ฐ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์˜ 10๋…„์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:46
twice as much as what genetics determines.
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์ด๊ฑด ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
We can even have more surprising findings
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
as we move from family trees
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ
08:54
and we let our genealogists document and crowdsource DNA information.
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๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ DNA ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์†Œ์‹ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:58
And the results can be amazing.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
It might be hard to imagine, but Uncle Bernie and his friends
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ ์‚ผ์ดŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€
09:05
can create DNA forensic capabilities
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DNA ๋ฒ•์˜ํ•™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:07
that even exceed what the FBI currently has.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด FBI์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ์ฃ .
09:12
When you place the DNA on a large family tree,
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ํฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„์— DNA๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด,
09:15
you effectively create a beacon
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
09:17
that illuminates the hundreds of distant relatives
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ๋จผ ์นœ์ฒ™๋“ค์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
09:20
that are all connected to the person that originated the DNA.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŠน์ • DNA๋กœ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
By placing multiple beacons on a large family tree,
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๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น„์ฝ˜์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:27
you can now triangulate the DNA of an unknown person,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ์‚ผ๊ฐ์ธก๋Ÿ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
the same way that the GPS system uses multiple satellites
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GPA ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ
09:35
to find a location.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
09:37
The prime example of the power of this technique
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
09:40
is capturing the Golden State Killer,
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๊ณจ๋“ ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ํ‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
one of the most notorious criminals in the history of the US.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•…๋ช… ๋†’์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด์ฃ .
09:49
The FBI had been searching for this person for over 40 years.
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FBI๋Š” 40๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
They had his DNA,
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FBI๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:57
but he never showed up in any police database.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์—๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
10:01
About a year ago, the FBI consulted a genetic genealogist,
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์•ฝ 1๋…„ ์ „, FBI๋Š” ํ•œ ์œ ์ „ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ž์™€ ์ƒ๋‹ดํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:06
and she suggested that they submit his DNA to a genealogy service
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” FBI์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™ํšŒ์— ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
that can locate distant relatives.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋จผ ์นœ์ฒ™์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:13
They did that,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:14
and they found a third cousin of the Golden State Killer.
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๊ณจ๋“ ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ํ‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ 8์ดŒ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
They built a large family tree,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:20
scanned the different branches of that tree,
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋“ค์„ ํ›‘์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
until they found a profile that exactly matched
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๊ณจ๋“ ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ํ‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
10:25
what they knew about the Golden State Killer.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ•„์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
10:27
They obtained DNA from this person and found a perfect match
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ DNA๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” DNA์™€
10:31
to the DNA they had in hand.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
They arrested him and brought him to justice
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒดํฌ๋๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์˜ ์‹ฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
after all these years.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—์š”.
10:38
Since then, genetic genealogists have started working with
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์œ ์ „ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• ์ง‘ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ
10:41
local US law enforcement agencies
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
to use this technique in order to capture criminals.
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๋ฒ”์ธ์„ ์žก๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
10:47
And only in the past six months,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„
10:50
they were able to solve over 20 cold cases with this technique.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ 20๊ฐœ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
Luckily, we have people like Uncle Bernie and his fellow genealogists
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ ์‚ผ์ดŒ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ณ„๋ณดํ•™์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:01
These are not amateurs with a self-serving hobby.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
These are citizen scientists with a deep passion to tell us who we are.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊นŠ์€ ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ด๋ฉฐ
11:11
And they know that the past can hold a key to the future.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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