Sarah Kurnick: "Aliens built the pyramids" and other absurdities of pseudo-archaeology | TED

396,803 views ใƒป 2021-03-18

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber:
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: yunjeong Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:12
A few years ago, a stranger sitting next to me on a plane,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—, ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ ์˜†์— ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•‰์•˜์–ด์š”.
00:17
asked what I did for a living.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ œ ์ง์—…์ด ๋ญ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:19
I told him that I'm an archeologist and I study the ancient Maya.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋งˆ์•ผ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
00:24
He said, "Wow, I love archeology,"
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. โ€ ์™€์šฐ, ์ €๋„ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”โ€
00:27
and told me how excited he gets when hearing about new finds.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:32
Then he told me how amazing it is
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:35
that aliens from the planet Nibiru had come to Earth
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๋‹ˆ๋น„๋ฃจ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์™€์„œ
00:39
and established the ancient Sumerian culture in Mesopotamia.
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๋ฉ”์†Œํฌํƒ€๋ฏธ์•„์— ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉ”๋ฅด ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ์„ธ์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:44
I have these conversations a lot on planes,
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์ €๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์š”.
00:49
in bookstores and in bars.
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์„œ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์—์„œ๋„์š”.
00:52
People want to talk with me about pseudoarcheology,
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
something that seems like archeology, but isn't.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
01:00
It involves making wild and unproven claims about the human past,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์—‰๋šฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:06
things like aliens built the pyramids
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์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:09
or survivors from the lost continent of Atlantis
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์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์•„ํ‹€๋ž€ํ‹ฐ์Šค์˜ ํ›„์†๋“ค์ด
01:12
invented hieroglyphic writing.
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์ƒํ˜• ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฑ์ด์š”.
01:14
Now, most of us know that claims like these are unfounded
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์—†๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์†”์งํžˆ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์ฃ .
01:19
and frankly absurd.
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01:21
Yet they're everywhere.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„์ง๋„ ํ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
They're on TV shows, in movies and in books.
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TV์‡ผ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:29
Think of the History Channel series "Ancient Aliens,"
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์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ฑ„๋„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ โ€๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธโ€ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:32
currently in its 15th season,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” 15๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:36
or of the most recent Indiana Jones movie
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ธ๋””์•„๋‚˜ ์กด์Šค ์˜ํ™”์—๋Š”
01:39
about the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull,
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์ˆ˜์ • ํ•ด๊ณจ ์™•๊ตญ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
or Erich von Dรคnikenโ€™s classic book โ€œChariots of the Gods?โ€
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—๋ฆฌํžˆ ํฐ ๋ฐ๋‹ˆ์ผ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ โ€œ์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ „์ฐจโ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฑ…์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ณ ์š”?
01:48
Here's the crucial question. Who cares?
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๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. โ€œ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋‚˜์š”?โ€
01:53
It's just entertainment, right?
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์˜ค๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ˆ์š”. ๋งž์ฃ ?
01:55
Isn't it a nice escape from reality and a fun way to think about the world?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค ๋„ํ”ผ์ด์ž, ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์žฅ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:00
It's not.
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์ด๊ฑด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
02:02
Most pseudoarcheology is racist and xenophobic
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค์ ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
02:07
and like other forms of entertainment, it influences our culture in real ways.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ค๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Let me give you an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:15
It's common to hear pseudoarcheologists claim
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
that groups like the ancient Egyptians or the ancient Maya
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋งˆ์•ผ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์€
02:23
accomplished incredible things,
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค„๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:26
but only with the help of outside groups, like aliens or people from Atlantis.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„ํ‹€๋ž€ํ‹ฐ์Šค์ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
02:33
What you rarely hear is pseudoarcheologists claiming
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
that, say, Romans had help building the Colosseum
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๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€์„ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๋„์™”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:42
or that Greeks had help building the Parthenon.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๋ฅดํ…Œ๋…ผ ์‹ ์ „ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๋„์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
02:45
Why is that?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
02:47
For pseudoarcheologists
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
02:49
Europeans could have accomplished their feats on their own,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—…์ ์„ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:53
but non-Europeans must have had outside guidance.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์™ธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Claims like these are not just outrageous.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:00
They are offensive.
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๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Here and in so many other instances,
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์ด๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„
03:06
pseudoarcheology sustains myths of white supremacy,
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ํŒจ๊ถŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฏธ์‹ ์„ ์ง€์†์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
disparages non-Europeans
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ„ํ•˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
03:12
and discredits their ancestors' achievements.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์—…์ ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ˆํ•˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:16
I've spent the last 12 summers
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป 12๋ฒˆ์˜ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
03:18
doing archeological fieldwork in the Maya area.
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๋งˆ์•ผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™ ํ˜„์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Several years back,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
03:23
I was staying in a small village along the Belizeโ€“Guatemala border.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฒจ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์™€ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:27
I spent day after day in the lab,
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๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
03:30
staring at tiny, brown, eroded pieces of ceramics.
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์ž‘์€ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ถ€์‹๋œ ๋„์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:35
The Maya man who lived across the street made slate carvings to sell to tourists.
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๊ธธ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ํŒŒ๋Š” ๋งˆ์•ผ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:41
He'd stop by every once in a while to chat.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๋“ค๋ ค์„œ ์ˆ˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋–จ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
And one day he brought over a slate carving,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํŒ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
03:48
and it was this image.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:50
The image carved into the sarcophagus lid of the Maya king Pakal
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋งˆ์•ผ์™• ํŒŒ์นผ์˜ ์„๊ด€ ๋ฎ๊ฐœ ์•ˆ์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ
03:55
around his death in 683 AD.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์€ 683๋…„์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
This image is incredible and it's complex.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:03
It shows the deceased king rising from the jaws of the underworld
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ์™•์ด ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:07
to be reborn as a deity.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:10
In the center is a stylized world tree
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์ค‘์•™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
04:13
that extends from the underworld
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์ง€ํ•˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜์™€
04:15
through the realm of the living into the upper world.
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์ง€์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:18
Around the edges is a sky band with symbols for the sun, moon and stars.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘, ๋‹ฌ, ๋ณ„๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
04:26
I was so excited to talk with my neighbor
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์ด์›ƒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:29
about ancient Maya religion, cosmology and iconography.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋งˆ์•ผ ์ข…๊ต, ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ก , ๋„์ƒํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:35
Instead, he wanted to talk
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š”
04:38
about an "Ancient Aliens" episode he had seen.
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โ€๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ๋“คโ€œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
The one about the Maya.
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๋งˆ์•ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:44
And he told me that this image was of an astronaut
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋กœ์ผ“ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
04:48
at the controls of a rocket ship.
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04:53
I was shocked.
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:55
Instead of marveling at his own ancestors,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
04:58
he was in awe of a fictional alien.
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ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:02
He even told me that one day,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ ์—” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ
05:05
he hoped to give this carving to Erich von Dรคniken,
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์—๋ฆฌํžˆ ํฐ ๋ฐ๋‹ˆ์ผ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
father of the ancient aliens phenomenon.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
05:13
Pseudoarcheology undoubtedly harms its subjects,
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ด ํ•ด๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
often Indigenous people, like the Maya,
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๋งˆ์•ผ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ์ฐฉ์ธ๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:20
but it also harms its viewers.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„์š”.
05:22
It harms all of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋กœ์›Œ์š”.
05:24
Like other forms of racism,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด์ž
05:26
it exacerbates inequality
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
and prevents us from appreciating and benefiting from human diversity.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:35
What's really scary
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์ •๋ง ๋‘๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
05:37
is that pseudoarcheology is a small part of a much bigger problem.
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
It's just one example of people getting history wrong on purpose,
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
of people knowingly changing historical and archeological facts.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์˜๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:54
Why would anybody do that?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:58
Often, the past is knowingly changed
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์ข…์ข…, ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™œ๊ณก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
either to justify racism in the present
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:06
or to present a nicer version of history,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๊ณ 
06:09
a version of history that we can all take pride in.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:13
Six years ago,
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6๋…„ ์ „์—
06:14
Jefferson County, Colorado became a battleground
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์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ œํผ์Šจ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:18
over how to teach American history to high school students.
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06:23
The Advanced Placement curriculum had been expanded
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์ƒ๊ธ‰๋ฐ˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹ค์Šต ๊ต๊ณผ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
06:26
to include things like the removal of Native Americans to reservations
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๋””์–ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์ด์ฃผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์‚ญ์ œ๋˜๊ณ 
06:32
and the rise of extreme economic inequality.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋น ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:37
Members of the local school board were upset.
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ต์œก์œ„์›๋“ค์€ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
06:40
They vigorously protested the changes,
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๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:43
arguing that the new curriculum
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ต๊ณผ๊ณผ์ •์ด
06:47
didn't do enough to promote capitalism or American exceptionalism.
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์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Right now we are in the midst of a heated debate
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
06:58
over public monuments to controversial figures.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
People like Robert E. Lee and Christopher Columbus.
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ๊ตฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
07:06
Should these monuments be left as they are,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:09
destroyed or put in museums
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
and what should happen to the protestors
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•œ ์‹œ์œ„๋Œ€๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:15
who deface these monuments?
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07:18
Should they be praised for helping debunk myths of white supremacy?
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ํŒจ๊ถŒ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ง์ƒ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์นญ์ฐฌ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:23
Or should they be punished for vigilantism and lawlessness?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์„ฑ์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:28
What do we make of scenes like this?
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
07:32
For me,
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์ €๋Š”
07:33
debates about history curricula and public monuments
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์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
07:37
suggest similar messages.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋“ค์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
07:40
First, the past is political.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
What we choose to remember and forget
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๋ญ˜ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ญ˜ ์žŠ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์€
07:46
relates directly to current political concerns.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:50
Second, we need to consider who presents the past,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:54
who chooses the content of history textbooks
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ฑ…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
07:57
and the subject matter of public monuments.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
Imagine how our understanding of history might be different
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:04
if it was told by the marginalized,
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
08:06
rather than the powerful.
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08:09
We can help combat racism and xenophobia today
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ
08:13
by changing how we think about the past.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
Archeologists need to do two things.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
First, we need to make our discipline more inclusive.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์œจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
We need to work with and for the descendants of the people we study.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ›„์†์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
Richard Leventhal's work at Tihosuco, Mexico
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ํ‹ฐํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์ฝ”์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ๋ ˆ๋ฒค๋‹ฌ์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์€
08:33
is groundbreaking, pun intended.
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
For over a century, foreign archeologists have traveled to the Maya area
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๊ฐ„, ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์•ผ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
to excavate the things they thought were interesting.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
08:45
Mostly temples and pyramids.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ์›๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
Leventhal took a different approach.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒค๋‹ฌ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:51
Instead he asks
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ
08:53
the contemporary Maya of Tihosuco
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ํ‹ฐํ˜ธ์Šค์ฝ”์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋งˆ์•ผ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:55
what they thought was interesting,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:58
and it turns out they didn't particularly care about temples or pyramids.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์›๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์ฃ .
09:03
They were interested in the Caste War,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์นด์ŠคํŠธ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
a major but understudied colonial period Maya rebellion.
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์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋งˆ์•ผ์ธ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
09:11
Second, we need to make archeology more accessible.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
The last time I walked into a bookstore,
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์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ ์„œ์ ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
09:19
I asked where I could find the archeology books.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™ ์„œ์ ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
09:23
The clerk took me to a section labeled "Ancient Mysteries and Lost Knowledge."
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์ ์›์ด โ€˜๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ง€์‹โ€™ ์„น์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
09:29
It had books with titles like "Extraplanetary Experiences."
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” โ€˜ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“คโ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:34
And what is absolutely absurd about this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์งœ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:37
is that real archeology,
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
09:40
archeology based in scientific facts and historical context, is fascinating.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ •๋ง ๋งค๋ ฅ์  ํ•™๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
09:47
You don't need aliens to make it interesting.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
09:49
It's up to us archeologists
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€
09:52
to find new ways to share our work with the public.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
And this used to be the norm.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™”์–ด์š”.
09:59
In the 1950s, there was a game show on CBS called "What in the World?"
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์— โ€œ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ •์ฒด๋Š”?โ€œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” CBS์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์‡ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:05
The host would present an object, an artifact,
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์ง„ํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ณต์˜ˆํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด
10:09
and the archeologist contestants would try to figure out
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž ์ถœ์—ฐ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
10:12
what this thing was and where it was from.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ์–ด๋””์„œ ์˜จ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
10:16
The show was funny and interesting
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๊ทธ TV์‡ผ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:19
and exposed viewers to the diversity of human cultures.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:25
Beginning in the mid-to-late 1960s,
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1960๋…„ ์ค‘ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์„ค ์ฆˆ์Œ์—
10:28
archeology changed focus.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์€ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
Instead of concentrating on public engagement,
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๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—,
10:35
archeologists began working together to professionalize the discipline.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์œก์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:41
On the plus side,
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์ข‹๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
10:42
we now have things like Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ฐ๋Œ€์ธก์ •์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์ด๋‚˜
10:46
and theoretical approaches, like the new materialisms.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ก  ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
But in the process,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ,
10:52
archeology left the public behind.
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žŠํ˜€์ ธ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
Shows like โ€œWhat in the World?โ€ became less common
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โ€œ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ •์ฒด๋Š”?โ€œ ๊ฐ™์€ TV ์‡ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
10:59
and pseudoarcheology emerged to fill the void.
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ด ๊ทธ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:04
But we can all contribute to changing how we think about the past.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
When you see a pseudoarcheological claim,
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ ‘ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์…”์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
11:13
be skeptical and know that if you post about Atlantis,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„ํ‹€๋ž€ํ‹ฐ์Šค ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธ€์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
11:18
tweet about ancient aliens
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŠธ์œ—์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
11:21
or forward a clip from a pseudoarcheology TV show,
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™ TV์‡ผ์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
11:25
even if it's not your intention,
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๋น„๋ก ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„,
11:27
you may be promoting racism and xenophobia.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
Also know that the past is alive.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
It is political,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
it is ever-changing
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
and it influences our daily lives in meaningful ways.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ฃ .
11:43
So the next time that you watch the History Channel,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
11:47
read an archeology book
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:50
or view a public monument,
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๋…๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:52
remember that every statement about the past
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
11:55
is a powerful statement about the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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