Paul Snelgrove: A census of the ocean

39,740 views ใƒป 2012-02-28

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Youngwook Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:15
The oceans cover some 70 percent of our planet.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ 70%๋ฅผ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
And I think Arthur C. Clarke probably had it right
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์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์•„์„œ ํด๋ผํฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„
00:20
when he said that perhaps we ought to call our planet
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โ€˜๋ฌผ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์ด
00:23
Planet Ocean.
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์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
And the oceans are hugely productive,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:27
as you can see by the satellite image
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ์ƒ๋ช…์˜
00:29
of photosynthesis, the production of new life.
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ํž˜์ด ๋˜์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
In fact, the oceans produce half of the new life every day on Earth
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ๋งค์ผ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:34
as well as about half the oxygen that we breathe.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
In addition to that, it harbors a lot of the biodiversity on Earth,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
00:40
and much of it we don't know about.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
But I'll tell you some of that today.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ทธ์ค‘์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
That also doesn't even get into the whole protein extraction
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ถ”์ถœ์„
00:46
that we do from the ocean.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
That's about 10 percent of our global needs
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ 10%์ด์ž
00:50
and 100 percent of some island nations.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” 100%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
If you were to descend
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์˜
00:55
into the 95 percent of the biosphere that's livable,
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95% ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:57
it would quickly become pitch black,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€๊ณ ,
00:59
interrupted only by pinpoints of light
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”
01:01
from bioluminescent organisms.
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๋น›์˜ ์ ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
And if you turn the lights on,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์ผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†์ „๋“ฑ์„ ์ผ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:05
you might periodically see spectacular organisms swim by,
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์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€์š”.
01:07
because those are the denizens of the deep,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:09
the things that live in the deep ocean.
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์‹ฌํ•ด์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
And eventually, the deep sea floor would come into view.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—” ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์‹œ์•ผ์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
This type of habitat covers more of the Earth's surface
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
01:17
than all other habitats combined.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
And yet, we know more about the surface of the Moon and about Mars
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„œ์‹ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ณด๋‹ค
01:21
than we do about this habitat,
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๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
01:23
despite the fact that we have yet to extract
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ
01:25
a gram of food, a breath of oxygen or a drop of water
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์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์™€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
01:28
from those bodies.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:30
And so 10 years ago,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 10๋…„ ์ „์—
01:32
an international program began called the Census of Marine Life,
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'ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด
01:35
which set out to try and improve our understanding
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์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์† ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:37
of life in the global oceans.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
It involved 17 different projects around the world.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 17๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
As you can see, these are the footprints of the different projects.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋“ค ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
And I hope you'll appreciate the level of global coverage
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚ธ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—
01:47
that it managed to achieve.
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๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
It all began when two scientists, Fred Grassle and Jesse Ausubel,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž, ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ๊ทธ๋ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ์ œ์‹œ ์˜ค์Šค๋ฒจ์ด
01:51
met in Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•ด์–‘ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ๋งค์‚ฌ์ธ„์„ธ์Šค์˜ ์šฐ์ฆˆํ™€์—์„œ
01:54
where both were guests at the famed oceanographic institute.
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๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
And Fred was lamenting the state of marine biodiversity
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ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
01:59
and the fact that it was in trouble and nothing was being done about it.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Well, from that discussion grew this program
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:04
that involved 2,700 scientists
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 80๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
02:06
from more than 80 countries around the world
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2,700์—ฌ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
02:08
who engaged in 540 ocean expeditions
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540์—ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
at a combined cost of 650 million dollars
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„
02:14
to study the distribution, diversity and abundance
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 650๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜
02:16
of life in the global ocean.
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
And so what did we find?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:21
We found spectacular new species,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋“ค๊ณผ
02:23
the most beautiful and visually stunning things everywhere we looked --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
from the shoreline to the abyss,
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ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‹ฌํ•ด์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ,
02:28
form microbes all the way up to fish and everything in between.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And the limiting step here wasn't the unknown diversity of life,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€
02:34
but rather the taxonomic specialists
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค
02:36
who can identify and catalog these species
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ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ์ด ์ข…๋“ค์„
02:38
that became the limiting step.
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ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•™ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
They, in fact, are an endangered species themselves.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ข…๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
02:43
There are actually four to five new species
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋งค์ผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”
02:45
described everyday for the oceans.
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4-5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
And as I say, it could be a much larger number.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Now, I come from Newfoundland in Canada --
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ „ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ๋‰ดํŽ€๋“ค๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
It's an island off the east coast of that continent --
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๊ฑฐ๊ธด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ๋™์ชฝ ํ•ด์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ
02:55
where we experienced one of the worst fishing disasters
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์–ด์—… ์žฌ์•™์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ
02:58
in human history.
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๊ณณ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
And so this photograph shows a small boy next to a codfish.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๋ถˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
It's around 1900.
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์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1900๋…„๋Œ€์ฃ .
03:04
Now, when I was a boy of about his age,
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์˜€์„ ๋•Œ,
03:06
I would go out fishing with my grandfather
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์ „ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚š์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
and we would catch fish about half that size.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
03:10
And I thought that was the norm,
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
because I had never seen fish like this.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:14
If you were to go out there today, 20 years after this fishery collapsed,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ์–ด์žฅ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„์ง€ 20๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
03:17
if you could catch a fish, which would be a bit of a challenge,
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
it would be half that size still.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ ˆ ์ •๋„์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
So what we're experiencing is something called shifting baselines.
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์ฆ‰ '๊ธฐ์ค€์  ์ด๋™'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Our expectations of what the oceans can produce
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:27
is something that we don't really appreciate
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์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
because we haven't seen it in our lifetimes.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Now most of us, and I would say me included,
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์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
03:35
think that human exploitation of the oceans
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์ง€๊ธˆ 50๋…„, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
03:37
really only became very serious
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ž์›์˜ ์ฐฉ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋”
03:39
in the last 50 to, perhaps, 100 years or so.
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์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
The census actually tried to look back in time,
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ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ
03:43
using every source of information they could get their hands on.
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์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
And so anything from restaurant menus
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๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘ ๋ฉ”๋‰ด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋„์› ๊ธฐ๋ก, ํ•ญํ•ด์ผ์ง€๊นŒ์ง€,
03:48
to monastery records to ships' logs
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:50
to see what the oceans looked like.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Because science data really goes back
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:54
to, at best, World War II, for the most part.
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๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:56
And so what they found, in fact,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ฐฉ์ทจ๊ฐ€
03:58
is that exploitation really began heavily with the Romans.
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์‹ค์€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žํ–‰๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
And so at that time, of course, there was no refrigeration.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—” ๋ƒ‰๋™๋ณด๊ด€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:03
So fishermen could only catch
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๋‚š์‹œ๊พผ์€ ์žก์€ ๋‚ ์— ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
04:05
what they could either eat or sell that day.
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์žก์€ ๋‚ ์— ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„์•ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:07
But the Romans developed salting.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋กœ๋งˆ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ธˆ์— ์ ˆ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
And with salting,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:11
it became possible to store fish and to transport it long distances.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And so began industrial fishing.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด์—…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
And so these are the sorts of extrapolations that we have
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์™ธ์‚ฝ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
04:20
of what sort of loss we've had
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ถœํ˜„ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์†์‹ค์„
04:22
relative to pre-human impacts on the ocean.
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์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
They range from 65 to 98 percent
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฐ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ
04:27
for these major groups of organisms,
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65%~98% ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
as shown in the dark blue bars.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•”์ฒญ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Now for those species the we managed to leave alone, that we protect --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:34
for example, marine mammals in recent years and sea birds --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์˜จ ํ•ด์–‘ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ท์ƒˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:36
there is some recovery.
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๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
So it's not all hopeless.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
But for the most part, we've gone from salting to exhausting.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Now this other line of evidence is a really interesting one.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
It's from trophy fish caught off the coast of Florida.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ์žกํžŒ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And so this is a photograph from the 1950s.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์ฃ 
04:51
I want you to notice the scale on the slide,
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์ „ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
because when you see the same picture from the 1980s,
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1980๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:55
we see the fish are much smaller
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž‘์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
and we're also seeing a change
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋Š˜์–ด๋†“์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—
04:59
in terms of the composition of those fish.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
By 2007, the catch was actually laughable
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2007๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
05:03
in terms of the size for a trophy fish.
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์ •๋ง ์šฐ์Šค์›Œ์ง€์ง€์š”.
05:05
But this is no laughing matter.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์›ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
The oceans have lost a lot of their productivity
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
and we're responsible for it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
So what's left? Actually quite a lot.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‚จ์•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
There's a lot of exciting things, and I'm going to tell you a little bit about them.
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๋งŽ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
And I want to start with a bit on technology,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
05:19
because, of course, this is a TED Conference
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋“œ ํ•™ํšŒ์ด๊ณ 
05:21
and you want to hear something on technology.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:23
So one of the tools that we use to sample the deep ocean
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
05:25
are remotely operated vehicles.
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์›๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
So these are tethered vehicles we lower down to the sea floor
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ €์— ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“์€ ์ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ค„์— ๋ฌถ์—ฌ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:30
where they're our eyes and our hands for working on the sea bottom.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ์†์ด ๋˜์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
So a couple of years ago, I was supposed to go on an oceanographic cruise
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2๋…„ ์ „์— ์ „ ํ•ด์–‘ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:36
and I couldn't go because of a scheduling conflict.
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์ผ์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
But through a satellite link I was able to sit at my study at home
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ ์ง‘์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
with my dog curled up at my feet, a cup of tea in my hand,
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๋ชธ์„ ์›…ํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ๊ฐœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์ž”์˜ ์ฐจ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:45
and I could tell the pilot, "I want a sample right there."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . "๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:47
And that's exactly what the pilot did for me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
That's the sort of technology that's available today
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ญ์—ฌ ๋…„ ์ „์—”
05:52
that really wasn't available even a decade ago.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
So it allows us to sample these amazing habitats
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•œ์ฐธ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น›์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
05:56
that are very far from the surface
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„œ์‹์ง€๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:58
and very far from light.
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๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
And so one of the tools that we can use to sample the oceans
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:03
is acoustics, or sound waves.
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์Œํ–ฅ์‹œ์„ค ๋˜๋Š” ์ŒํŒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
And the advantage of sound waves
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์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์ด์ ์€
06:07
is that they actually pass well through water, unlike light.
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๋น›๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And so we can send out sound waves,
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด
06:11
they bounce off objects like fish and are reflected back.
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๊ทธ ์ŒํŒŒ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And so in this example, a census scientist took out two ships.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
One would send out sound waves that would bounce back.
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ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ๋˜๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
06:19
They would be received by a second ship,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ ์งธ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋™์„ ์ฒญ์ทจํ•˜์ง€์š”.
06:21
and that would give us very precise estimates, in this case,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ 2500์–ต ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒญ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
06:24
of 250 billion herring
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๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ถ”์‚ฐ์„
06:26
in a period of about a minute.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
And that's an area about the size of Manhattan Island.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„ ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:31
And to be able to do that is a tremendous fisheries tool,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์–ด์žฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
because knowing how many fish are there is really critical.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
We can also use satellite tags
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„์„ฑํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
to track animals as they move through the oceans.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์ง€์š”.
06:40
And so for animals that come to the surface to breathe,
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์œ„์„ฑํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์น˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด,
06:42
such as this elephant seal,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฌผ๋ฒ” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:44
it's an opportunity to send data back to shore
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์†ก๋˜๊ณ 
06:46
and tell us where exactly it is in the ocean.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์–ด๋””์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And so from that we can produce these tracks.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠธ๋ž™ํ‚น ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:51
For example, the dark blue
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด ์•”์ฒญ์ƒ‰ ์„ ์€
06:53
shows you where the elephant seal moved in the north Pacific.
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฌผ๋ฒ”์ด ๋ถํƒœํ‰์–‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Now I realize for those of you who are colorblind, this slide is not very helpful,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ƒ‰๋งน์ด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
06:58
but stick with me nonetheless.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋” ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:00
For animals that don't surface,
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:02
we have something called pop-up tags,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํŒ์—… ํƒœ๊ทธ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
which collect data about light and what time the sun rises and sets.
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๋น›, ํƒœ์–‘์ด ๋œจ๊ณ  ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
And then at some period of time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
07:09
it pops up to the surface and, again, relays that data back to shore.
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๊ทธ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
Because GPS doesn't work under water. That's why we need these tools.
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GPS๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
And so from this we're able to identify these blue highways,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์„ ๋“ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
these hot spots in the ocean,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์ด ์ง€์ ๋“ค์ด
07:20
that should be real priority areas
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:22
for ocean conservation.
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๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Now one of the other things that you may think about
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:26
is that, when you go to the supermarket and you buy things, they're scanned.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ ์›์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:29
And so there's a barcode on that product
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐํ˜€์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:31
that tells the computer exactly what the product is.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ œํ’ˆ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
Geneticists have developed a similar tool called genetic barcoding.
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์œ ์ „ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ "์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋”ฉ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:37
And what barcoding does
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋”ฉ์€ CO1์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ
07:39
is use a specific gene called CO1
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์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
that's consistent within a species, but varies among species.
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๊ทธ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And so what that means is we can unambiguously identify
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๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•ํƒ์— ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:46
which species are which
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:48
even if they look similar to each other,
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ข…์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
07:50
but may be biologically quite different.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Now one of the nicest examples I like to cite on this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:54
is the story of two young women, high school students in New York City,
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๋‰ด์š•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
who worked with the census.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:59
They went out and collected fish from markets and from restaurants in New York City
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‰ด์š•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋‹น๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
and they barcoded it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Well what they found was mislabeled fish.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
08:06
So for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
08:08
they found something which was sold as tuna, which is very valuable,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์‹ผ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ฐธ๋‹ค๋ž‘์–ด๊ฐ€
08:10
was in fact tilapia, which is a much less valuable fish.
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์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ผ ํ‹ธ๋ผํ”ผ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
They also found an endangered species
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋ฉธ์ข…์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…๋“ค์ด
08:15
sold as a common one.
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
08:17
So barcoding allows us to know what we're working with
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋”ฉ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
08:19
and also what we're eating.
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๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
The Ocean Biogeographic Information System
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ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์ •๋ณด์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
08:24
is the database for all the census data.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„๋†“์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
It's open access; you can all go in and download data as you wish.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:29
And it contains all the data from the census
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
plus other data sets that people were willing to contribute.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๊ธฐ์ฆํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์…‹๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:34
And so what you can do with that
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
08:36
is to plot the distribution of species and where they occur in the oceans.
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ํ•ด์–‘๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋„ํ‘œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
What I've plotted up here is the data that we have on hand.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋„ํ‘œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
This is where our sampling effort has concentrated.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
08:44
Now what you can see
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:46
is we've sampled the area in the North Atlantic,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
in the North Sea in particular,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋ถ์ชฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
08:50
and also the east coast of North America fairly well.
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๋™์ชฝํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
That's the warm colors which show a well-sampled region.
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๋ถ‰์€ ์ƒ‰ ๊ณ„์—ด์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ 
08:55
The cold colors, the blue and the black,
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰์€
08:57
show areas where we have almost no data.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
So even after a 10-year census,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
09:01
there are large areas that still remain unexplored.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Now there are a group of scientists living in Texas, working in the Gulf of Mexico
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
who decided really as a labor of love
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ป์–ด๋‚ผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:09
to pull together all the knowledge they could
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์‹์„
09:11
about biodiversity in the Gulf of Mexico.
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์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
And so they put this together, a list of all the species,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜
09:16
where they're known to occur,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
and it really seemed like a very esoteric, scientific type of exercise.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋งŒ์ด ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:21
But then, of course, there was the Deep Horizon oil spill.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์œ ์ถœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
So all of a sudden, this labor of love
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ
09:26
for no obvious economic reason
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋˜ ์ด ๋ณต์ง€์‚ฌ์—…์ด
09:29
has become a critical piece of information
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์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
in terms of how that system is going to recover, how long it will take
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๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณต๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€, ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€,
09:34
and how the lawsuits
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด์—
09:36
and the multi-billion-dollar discussions that are going to happen in the coming years
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์†Œ์†ก๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ํ† ๋ก ์ด
09:39
are likely to be resolved.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ณด์˜€์ฃ .
09:42
So what did we find?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:44
Well, I could stand here for hours, but, of course, I'm not allowed to do that.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์ „ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ
09:46
But I will tell you some of my favorite discoveries
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ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”
09:48
from the census.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
So one of the things we discovered is where are the hot spots of diversity?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์€ ์–ด๋””์ธ๊ฐ€,
09:53
Where do we find the most species of ocean life?
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ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ข…์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ์–ด๋””์ธ๊ฐ€, ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
And what we find if we plot up the well-known species
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ข…๋“ค์˜ ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:58
is this sort of a distribution.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋„ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
And what we see is that for coastal tags,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด์•ˆ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ
10:02
for those organisms that live near the shoreline,
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ํ•ด์•ˆ ์ธ๊ทผ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ € ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์—ด๋Œ€์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ
10:04
they're most diverse in the tropics.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
This is something we've actually known for a while,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
so it's not a real breakthrough.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง„์งœ ์ง„์ผ๋ณดํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
What is really exciting though
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
10:12
is that the oceanic tags, or the ones that live far from the coast,
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ํ•ด์–‘ํƒœ๊ทธ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
10:14
are actually more diverse at intermediate latitudes.
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์ค‘์œ„๋„์—์„œ ๋” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
This is the sort of data, again, that managers could use
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋” ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์กดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
10:19
if they want to prioritize areas of the ocean that we need to conserve.
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์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ธธ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
You can do this on a global scale, but you can also do it on a regional scale.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์  ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ
10:25
And that's why biodiversity data can be so valuable.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
Now while a lot of the species we discovered in the census
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ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋“ค์ด
10:31
are things that are small and hard to see,
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์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
10:33
that certainly wasn't always the case.
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
For example, while it's hard to believe
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 3kg์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€์žฌ๊ฐ€
10:37
that a three kilogram lobster could elude scientists,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€์š”.
10:39
it did until a few years ago
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
when South African fishermen requested an export permit
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์–ด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์žฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์žฌ๊ฐ€
10:44
and scientists realized that this was something new to science.
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๊ณผํ•™์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
10:47
Similarly this Golden V kelp
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด์˜ ์ €์ˆ˜์œ„ํ‘œ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ๋งŒ
10:49
collected in Alaska just below the low water mark
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ด ํ™ฉ๊ธˆV ํ•ด์ดˆ๋Š”
10:51
is probably a new species.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
Even though it's three meters long,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 3๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:55
it actually, again, eluded science.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:57
Now this guy, this bigfin squid, is seven meters in length.
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์ž, ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 7๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
But to be fair, it lives in the deep waters of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ์ค‘์•™์‚ฐ๋ น์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ๊ณตํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:03
so it was a lot harder to find.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑด ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
But there's still potential for discovery of big and exciting things.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์•™์‚ฐ๋ น์—” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํฌ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
This particular shrimp, we've dubbed it the Jurassic shrimp,
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์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ์šฐ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฅ๋ผ๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋ช…์„ ๋ถ™์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:11
it's thought to have gone extinct 50 years ago --
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์ด๊ฑด 50๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ฉธ์ข…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
at least it was, until the census discovered
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ ์–ด๋„, ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
11:15
it was living and doing just fine off the coast of Australia.
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์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:18
And it shows that the ocean, because of its vastness,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆจ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜
11:21
can hide secrets for a very long time.
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•จ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:23
So, Steven Spielberg, eat your heart out.
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๋„ค, ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ์Šคํ•„๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ •๋„์ฃ .
11:26
If we look at distributions, in fact distributions change dramatically.
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๋ถ„ํฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
And so one of the records that we had
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
11:32
was this sooty shearwater, which undergoes these spectacular migrations
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๊ฒ€์€ ์Šด์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด๋กœ ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ
11:35
all the way from New Zealand
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”
11:37
all the way up to Alaska and back again
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
in search of endless summer
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ
11:41
as they complete their life cycles.
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๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
11:43
We also talked about the White Shark Cafe.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
This is a location in the Pacific where white shark converge.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ํƒœํ‰์–‘์˜ ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์ด์ฃ .
11:48
We don't know why they converge there, we simply don't know.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ด๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:50
That's a question for the future.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ํ’€์–ด์•ผํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
One of the things that we're taught in high school
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
11:54
is that all animals require oxygen in order to survive.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
Now this little critter, it's only about half a millimeter in size,
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์ž, ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 0.5mm์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
not terribly charismatic.
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์•„์ฃผ ์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์น˜์ง„ ์•Š์ฃ .
12:02
But it was only discovered in the early 1980s.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
But the really interesting thing about it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ • ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
12:06
is that, a few years ago, census scientists discovered
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
12:09
that this guy can thrive in oxygen-poor sediments
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์€ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์นจ์ฒœ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ๋„
12:11
in the deep Mediterranean Sea.
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๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
So now they know that, in fact,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:15
animals can live without oxygen, at least some of them,
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๋™๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์—†์ด๋„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:17
and that they can adapt to even the harshest of conditions.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜น๋…ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
If you were to suck all the water out of the ocean,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์…”๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:23
this is what you'd be left behind with,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋’ค์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
and that's the biomass of life on the sea floor.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ด์ €์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์ด์ฃ .
12:27
Now what we see is huge biomass towards the poles
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
12:30
and not much biomass in between.
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์ค‘์ €์œ„๋„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
We found life in the extremes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
And so there were new species that were found
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ์–ผ์Œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
12:37
that live inside ice
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
and help to support an ice-based food web.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ์Œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋จน์ด์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
And we also found this spectacular yeti crab
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆํ‹ฐ ํฌ๋žฉ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
that lives near boiling hot hydrothermal vents at Easter Island.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ์„ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š”, ๋“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์—ด์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ถœ๊ณต ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:46
And this particular species
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์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ข…๋“ค์€
12:48
really captured the public's attention.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
We also found the deepest vents known yet -- 5,000 meters --
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณผ ๋‚จํƒœํ‰์–‘์—์„œ 5,000๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”
12:54
the hottest vents at 407 degrees Celsius --
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๋ถ„์ถœ๊ณต๊ณผ ์„ญ์”จ 407๋„์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด
12:57
vents in the South Pacific and also in the Arctic
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๋ถ„์ถœ๊ณต์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
where none had been found before.
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๊ทธ ์ „์—” ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
13:01
So even new environments are still within the domain of the discoverable.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜์—ญ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Now in terms of the unknowns, there are many.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
And I'm just going to summarize just a few of them
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
13:08
very quickly for you.
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์š”์•ฝํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
First of all, we might ask, how many fishes in the sea?
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์šฐ์„ , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
13:13
We actually know the fishes better than we do any other group in the ocean
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘ ํฌ์œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
13:15
other than marine mammals.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
And so we can actually extrapolate based on rates of discovery
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š”
13:20
how many more species we're likely to discover.
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๋น„์œจ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ถ”์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
And from that, we actually calculate
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 16,500๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ข…๋“ค์„
13:25
that we know about 16,500 marine species
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
and there are probably another 1,000 to 4,000 left to go.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ 1,000๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 4,000๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:30
So we've done pretty well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
We've got about 75 percent of the fish,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ 75%์—์„œ ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 90%์— ๋‹ฌํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
13:34
maybe as much as 90 percent.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
But the fishes, as I say, are the best known.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์–ด๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:39
So our level of knowledge is much less for other groups of organisms.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Now this figure is actually based on a brand new paper
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
that's going to come out in the journal PLoS Biology.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ PLoS ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์ €๋„์— ์‹ค๋ฆด ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
And what is does is predict how many more species there are
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œก์ง€์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋“ค์ด
13:49
on land and in the ocean.
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์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
And what they found
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€
13:53
is that they think that we know of about nine percent of the species in the ocean.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ข…๋“ค์˜ ์•ฝ 9%๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
That means 91 percent, even after the census,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ดํ›„๋กœ๋„, 91%์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜
13:58
still remain to be discovered.
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์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
And so that turns out to be about two million species
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
14:02
once all is said and done.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์•ฝ 200๋งŒ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
So we still have quite a lot of work to do
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ํ•ด์•ผํ• 
14:06
in terms of unknowns.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
Now this bacterium
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์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š”
14:10
is part of mats that are found off the coast of Chile.
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์น ๋ ˆ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋งคํŠธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
And these mats actually cover an area the size of Greece.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
And so this particular bacterium is actually visible to the naked eye.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋งจ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€์š”.
14:18
But you can imagine the biomass that represents.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
But the really intriguing thing about the microbes
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
14:23
is just how diverse they are.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
A single drop of seawater
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ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์€
14:27
could contain 160 different types of microbes.
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160์ข…์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
And the oceans themselves
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋ฉด
14:31
are thought potentially to contain as many as a billion different types.
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10์–ต ์ข…์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
So that's really exciting. What are they all doing out there?
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
14:37
We actually don't know.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
The most exciting thing, I would say, about this census
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์ „ ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์ด
14:41
is the role of global science.
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์ „์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
And so as we see in this image of light during the night,
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๋ฐค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋น›์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
14:45
there are lots of areas of the Earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†๊ธธ์ด ๋ฏธ์นœ
14:47
where human development is much greater
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
14:50
and other areas where it's much less,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
but between them we see large dark areas
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋œ
14:54
of relatively unexplored ocean.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
The other point I'd like to make about this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์€
14:58
is that this ocean's interconnected.
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์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
Marine organisms do not care about international boundaries;
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ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
they move where they will.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์ฃ .
15:04
And so the importance then of global collaboration
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด
15:07
becomes all the more important.
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
We've lost a lot of paradise.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚™์›์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
For example, these tuna that were once so abundant in the North Sea
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ์ฐธ์น˜๋Š” ํ•œ๋•Œ ๋ถํ•ด์— ์•„์ฃผ ํ’๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:14
are now effectively gone.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
There were trawls taken in the deep sea in the Mediterranean,
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์˜ˆ์ „์— ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์—์„œ ์ €๊ทธ๋ฌผ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:19
which collected more garbage than they did animals.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑด์กŒ์ฃ .
15:21
And that's the deep sea, that's the environment that we consider to be
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
15:24
among the most pristine left on Earth.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ•ด์˜ ์‹ค์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
And there are a lot of other pressures.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—” ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
Ocean acidification is a really big issue that people are concerned with,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™”, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
15:31
as well as ocean warming, and the effects they're going to have on coral reefs.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํฐ ์ด์Šˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
On the scale of decades, in our lifetimes,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์—์„œ 10๋…„์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ
15:37
we're going to see a lot of damage to coral reefs.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
And I could spend the rest of my time, which is getting very limited,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์ ์  ์ œํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ œ ์—ฐ์„ค์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
15:42
going through this litany of concerns about the ocean,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅํ™ฉํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
but I want to end on a more positive note.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ธ์ •์ •์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
And so the grand challenge then
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”
15:48
is to try and make sure that we preserve what's left,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์ „์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
because there is still spectacular beauty.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
And the oceans are so productive,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ 
15:54
there's so much going on in there that's of relevance to humans
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
that we really need to, even from a selfish perspective,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ฐ–์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
16:00
try to do better than we have in the past.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ • ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:02
So we need to recognize those hot spots
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ค‘์š” ์ง€์ ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
16:04
and do our best to protect them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
When we look at pictures like this, they take our breath away,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์„œ ์ˆจ์ด ๋ฉŽ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€์š”.
16:08
in addition to helping to give us breath
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”
16:10
by the oxygen that the oceans provide.
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๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
16:12
Census scientists worked in the rain, they worked in the cold,
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ํ†ต๊ณ„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ, ์ถ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์Šน์„ ๋– ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
they worked under water and they worked above water
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
trying to illuminate the wondrous discovery,
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๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ฆ‰ ๊ณ ์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€,
16:19
the still vast unknown,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
16:21
the spectacular adaptations that we see in ocean life.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
So whether you're a yak herder living in the mountains of Chile,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์น ๋ ˆ์˜ ์‚ฐ์— ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ์•ผํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชฉ๋™์ด๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
16:27
whether you're a stockbroker in New York City
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๋‰ด์š•์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ถŒ ์ค‘๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
16:30
or whether you're a TEDster living in Edinburgh,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—๋”˜๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋“œ ์ผ์›์ด๋“  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
16:32
the oceans matter.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
And as the oceans go so shall we.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Thanks for listening.
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๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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