Nnedi Okorafor: Sci-fi stories that imagine a future Africa | TED

110,182 views ใƒป 2017-11-22

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: harin chae ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:12
What if an African girl from a traditional family
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต ๋ถ€์กฑ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ
00:16
in a part of future Africa
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์–ด๋Š ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์†Œ๋…€๋ฅผ
00:18
is accepted into the finest university in the galaxy,
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๋จผ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์•„์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:21
planets away?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
00:24
What if she decides to go?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ž…ํ•™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
00:27
This is an excerpt from my "Binti" novella trilogy:
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3๋ถ€์ž‘ ์ค‘ํŽธ ์†Œ์„ค์ธ '๋นˆํ‹ฐ(Binti)'์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
I powered up the transporter and said a silent prayer.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋™ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ „์›์„ ์ผœ๊ณ  ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
00:35
I had no idea what I was going to do if it didn't work.
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์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
My transporter was cheap,
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๋‚ด ์ด๋™ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์‹ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ
00:40
so even a droplet of moisture or, more likely, a grain of sand,
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๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋ฌผ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์šธ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋กœ๋„
00:43
would cause it to short.
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๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
00:45
It was faulty, and most of the time I had to restart it over and over
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๋‚ด ๊ณ ๋ฌผ ์ด๋™ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์ด๊ณ  ์‹œ๋™์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์•ผ
๊ฒจ์šฐ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
before it worked.
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00:50
"Please not now, please not now," I thought.
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"์ œ๋ฐœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ" ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
The transporter shivered in the sand and I held my breath.
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์ด๋™ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋–จ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆจ์„ ์ฃฝ์˜€๋‹ค.
00:57
Tiny, flat and black as a prayer stone,
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๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘๊ณ , ๋‚ฉ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์€ ๋‚ด ์ด๋™์žฅ์น˜๋Š”
00:59
it buzzed softly and then slowly rose from the sand.
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๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์œ™์œ™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค.
01:03
Finally, it produced the baggage-lifting force.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ง์„ ์‹ค์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค.
01:06
I grinned.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™œ์ง ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Now I could make it to the shuttle on time.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์™•๋ณต์„ ์„ ํƒˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:11
I swiped otjize from my forehead with my index finger and knelt down,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋งˆ์˜ ํ™ฉํ† ๋ฅผ ์ง‘๊ฒŒ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฆ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๊ฟ‡์–ด ์•‰์•˜๋‹ค.
01:15
then I touched the finger to the sand,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ–๋‹ค๋Œ€๊ณ 
01:17
grounding the sweet-smelling red clay into it.
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๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ทธ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์†์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
"Thank you," I whispered.
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"๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ", ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†์‚ญ์˜€๋‹ค.
01:23
It was a half-mile walk along the dark desert road.
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์–ด๋‘์šด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜ ๋งˆ์ผ์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ
01:26
With the transporter working I would make it there on time.
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์ด๋™ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‹œ๋™์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:30
Straightening up, I paused and shut my eyes.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜, ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ์•˜๋‹ค.
01:32
Now, the weight of my entire life was pressing on my shoulders.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
I was defying the most traditional part of myself for the first time
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚œ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
01:40
in my entire life.
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
I was leaving in the dead of night, and they had no clue.
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์•ผ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ฐค์ด๊ธฐ์—, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค„๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:45
My nine siblings, all older than me except for my younger sister and brother,
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์•„ํ™‰ ๋ช…์˜ ๋‚ด ํ˜•์ œ ์ž๋งค๋“ค ์ค‘์— ๋‘ ๋™์ƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ํ˜•, ๋ˆ„๋‚˜๋“ค์€
01:49
would never see this coming.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:51
My parents would never imagine I'd do such a thing in a million years.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋„ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
01:55
By the time they all realized what I'd done and where I was going,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์ผ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์„ ๋•Œ
01:59
I'd have left the planet.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
02:02
In my absence, my parents would growl to each other
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋’ค์—์•ผ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์œผ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
02:05
that I was never to set foot in their home again.
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
02:08
My four aunties and two uncles who lived down the road
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์ด์›ƒ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์ด๋ชจ ๋„ค ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์‚ผ์ดŒ ๋‘˜์€
02:11
would shout and gossip amongst themselves
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์„œ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‘ฅ๋•๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
02:13
about how I had scandalized the entire bloodline.
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์ง‘์•ˆ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์—‰๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‚˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์š•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
02:16
I was going to be a pariah.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ„๋ฆผ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
02:19
"Go," I softly whispered to the transporter,
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"๊ฐ€์ž.."
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋™์žฅ์น˜์— ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†์‚ญ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ตด๋ €๋‹ค.
02:21
stamping my foot.
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02:23
The thin metal rings I wore around each ankle jingled noisily,
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์–‘ ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์— ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‡  ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์งค๋ž‘๊ฑฐ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ
02:26
but I stamped my foot again.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ตด๋ €๋‹ค.
02:29
Once on, the transporter worked best when I didn't touch it.
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๋•Œ๋ก , ์ด๋™์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ์ž˜ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
"Go," I said again, sweat forming on my brow.
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"๊ฐ€์ž..", ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋งˆ์— ๋•€์„ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
When nothing moved,
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์•„๋ฌด ์›€์ง์ž„๋„ ์—†์ž
02:37
I chanced giving the two large suitcases sitting atop the force field a shove.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ง‰ ์œ„์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์—ฌํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
They moved smoothly, and I breathed another sigh of relief.
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๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋Œ์–ด์ง€๋“ฏ ์›€์ง์˜€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ˆ๋„์˜ ํ•œ์ˆจ์„ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
At least some luck was on my side.
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๋‚ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰์šด์€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
So, in a distant future part of Africa,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ
02:53
Binti is a mathematical genius of the Himba ethnic group.
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ํž˜๋ฐ”์กฑ์˜ ๋นˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์ฒœ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
She's been accepted into a university on another planet,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ ํ†ต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
03:00
and she's decided to go.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ ๋จน์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:02
Carrying the blood of her people in her veins,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ•์ค„์— ๋™์กฑ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
03:04
adorned with the teachings, ways, even the land on her very skin,
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๋™์กฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ, ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๋•…์„ ๊ทธ๋…€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ํ’ˆ์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ
03:09
Binti leaves the earth.
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๋นˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
As the story progresses, she becomes not other, but more.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทธ๋…€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ•์ค„๊ณผ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
This idea of leaving but bringing and then becoming more
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๋– ๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ํ’์„ฑํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
03:19
is at one of the hearts of Afrofuturism,
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'์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฃผ์˜'์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
or you can simply call it a different type of science fiction.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:26
I can best explain the difference between classic science fiction and Afrofuturism
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์ „ํ†ต์  ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค๊ณผ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
03:31
if I used the octopus analogy.
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๋ฌธ์–ด์˜ ๋น„์œ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Like humans,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
03:35
octopuses are some of the most intelligent creatures on earth.
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๋ฌธ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
However, octopus intelligence evolved from a different evolutionary line,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์–ด์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
03:44
separate from that of human beings,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:46
so the foundation is different.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
03:49
The same can be said about the foundations of various forms of science fiction.
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์ด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
So much of science fiction speculates
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:57
about technologies, societies, social issues,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
what's beyond our planet, what's within our planet.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์ง€๊ตฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:03
Science fiction is one of the greatest and most effective forms
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๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์€ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ธฐ์—
04:06
of political writing.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
It's all about the question, "What if?"
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ "๋งŒ์•ฝ?" ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:11
Still, not all science fiction has the same ancestral bloodline,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
04:16
that line being Western-rooted science fiction,
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๋ฐฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ
04:19
which is mostly white and male.
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์„œ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
We're talking Isaac Asimov, Jules Verne,
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์•„์ด์ž‘ ์•„์‹œ๋ชจํ”„, ์ฅ˜ ๋ฒ ๋ฅธ
04:25
H.G. Wells, George Orwell, Robert Heinlein, etc.
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H.G.์›ฐ์Šค, ์กฐ์ง€ ์˜ค์›ฐ, ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ•˜์ธ๋ผ์ธ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜์ฃ .
04:30
So what if a Nigerian-American wrote science fiction?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„-๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์“ด ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
04:35
Growing up, I didn't read much science fiction.
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์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ €๋Š” SF์†Œ์„ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
I couldn't relate to these stories
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
preoccupied with xenophobia, colonization and seeing aliens as others.
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์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค, ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ํ™”, ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:46
And I saw no reflection of anyone who looked like me in those narratives.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์— ์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:50
In the "Binti" novella trilogy,
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"๋นˆํ‹ฐ(Binti)" 3๋ถ€์ž‘์—์„œ
04:52
Binti leaves the planet to seek education from extraterrestrials.
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๋นˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
She goes out as she is,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ‰์†Œ ๋ชจ์Šต ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
04:58
looking the way she looks,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ 
05:00
carrying her cultures,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:01
being who she is.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๋Œ€๋กœ ์ƒํ™œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
I was inspired to write this story
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์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์„ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ 
05:05
not because I was following a line of classic space opera narratives,
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ ค ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
but because of blood that runs deep,
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ˜ˆํ†ต
05:12
family, cultural conflict
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๊ฐ€์กฑ, ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ
05:15
and the need to see an African girl leave the planet on her own terms.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ์†Œ๋…€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
My science fiction had different ancestors,
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์ €์˜ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
African ones.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
So I'm Nigerian-American.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
I was born to two Nigerian immigrant parents
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ถœ์‹  ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜
05:31
and raised in the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
one of the birthplaces of classic science fiction.
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ง€์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:36
However, it was my Nigerian heritage that led me to write science fiction.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด SF์†Œ์„ค ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Specifically I cite those family trips to Nigeria in the late '90s.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” 90๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง์— ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
I'd been taking trips back to Nigeria with my family since I was very young.
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์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
These early trips inspired me.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:54
Hence the first story that I ever even wrote took place in Nigeria.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ €์˜ ์ฒซ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋„ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
I wrote mainly magical realism and fantasy
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ํ™˜์ƒ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜์™€ ํŒํƒ€์ง€๋Š”
06:01
inspired by my love of Igbo
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์ด๋ณด ์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์• ์ฐฉ๊ณผ
06:03
and other West African traditional cosmologies and spiritualities.
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์„œ๋ถ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
However, in the late '90s,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 90๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—
06:11
I started noticing the role of technology in Nigeria:
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
cable TV and cell phones in the village,
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๋งˆ์„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” TV์™€ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ
06:18
419 scammers occupying the cybercafes,
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PC๋ฐฉ์„ ์ ๋ นํ•œ 419๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ
06:21
the small generator connected to my cousin's desktop computer
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์‹œ๋„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์—†์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ •์ „ ํƒ“์—
์ €์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋™์ƒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ
06:25
because the power was always going on and off.
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06:28
And my Americanness othered me enough
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ์ €๋Š”
06:31
to be intrigued by these things that most Nigerians saw as normal.
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
My intrigue eventually gave birth to stories.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €์˜ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ„์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:40
I started opening strange doors.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ์—ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
What if aliens came to Lagos, Nigeria?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์— ์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:50
This is an excerpt from my novel, "Lagoon."
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์ €์˜ ์†Œ์„ค "๋ผ๊ตฐ(Lagoon)"์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
06:56
Everybody saw it,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
06:58
all over the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด.
07:00
That was a real introduction to the great mess happening in Lagos,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ˆ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Nigeria, West Africa, Africa, here.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ ๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.
07:10
Because so many people in Lagos had portable, chargeable,
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๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํœด๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ถฉ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
07:13
glowing, vibrating, chirping, tweeting, communicating, connected devices,
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๋น›๋‚˜๊ณ , ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:17
practically everything was recorded and posted online in some way,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ๋‹ค.
07:21
somehow,
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋“ 
07:23
quickly.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.
07:25
The modern human world is connected like a spider's web.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
The world was watching.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณผ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค.
07:32
It watched in fascinated horror
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๊ณตํฌ์— ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ข‡๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:34
for information,
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07:36
but mostly for entertainment.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ € ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค.
07:39
Footage of what was happening dominated every international news source,
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ด์€ ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ์ œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:42
video-sharing website, social network, circle, pyramid and trapezoid.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ณต์œ  ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ. SNS, ์†Œ๋ชจ์ž„, ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ผด์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
But the story goes deeper.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋” ๊นŠ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:50
It is in the mud,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ™ ์†
07:51
the dirt,
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ํ™ ์†
07:53
the earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์†
07:55
in the fond memory of the soily cosmos.
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ํ™๋จผ์ง€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ถ”์–ต ์†์œผ๋กœ.
07:58
It is in the always mingling past, present and future.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์„ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
It is in the water.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ ์†์— ์ž ๊ฒจ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
It is in the powerful spirits and ancestors who dwelled in Lagos.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ํ˜ผ๊ณผ ๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
It is in the hearts and minds of the people of Lagos.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Change begets change.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค.
08:15
The alien Ayodele knew it.
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์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ ์•„์š”๋ธ๋ ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
All her people know it.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋™์กฑ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
So, this is a voice of Udide, the supreme spider artist,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ธ ์šฐ๋””๋ฐ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
who is older than dirt
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ํ™๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ 
08:26
and lives in the dirt beneath the city of Lagos,
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๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค ๋„์‹œ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ํ™ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
08:29
listening and commenting
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๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:31
and weaving the story of extraterrestrials coming to Lagos.
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๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์— ์˜จ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
In the end, the great spider who was the size of a house
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—, ์ง‘์ฑ„๋งŒํผ ํฌ๊ณ  ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋Š”
08:38
and responsible for weaving the past, present and future
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—ฎ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
08:41
decides to come forth and be a part of the story.
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์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์–ด ๋‚˜์„œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
Like Udide, the spider artist,
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๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋””๋ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:47
African science fiction's blood runs deep
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ํ”ผ๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด ํ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
and it's old,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:52
and it's ready to come forth,
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๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
and when it does,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ
08:56
imagine the new technologies, ideas and sociopolitical changes it'll inspire.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:03
For Africans, homegrown science fiction can be a will to power.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์†Œ์„ค์€ ํž˜์„ ๋‚ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
What if?
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด..?"
09:10
It's a powerful question.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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